Application of five-element music therapy in pain coping skills training in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Objective:The objective of this study is to assess the application effect of five elements music therapy introduced in the pain coping skills training of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Materials and Methods:Totally,80 patients with KOA were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group(39 cases)and the control group(41 cases).The control group was only given routine nursing measures,and the experimental group was additionally treated with five-element music therapy on the basis of the control group,twice a day,28 days in total.The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)was used to evaluate the functional status of the knee joint of the two groups.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated by Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.Results:WOMAC score statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group(35.92±9.48 vs.16.17±5.43,P<0.01)and the control group(36.73±6.42 vs.22.53±7.51,P<0.01)after 28 days of intervention when compared with that before intervention;WOMAC score in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group after 28 days of intervention(16.17±5.43 vs.22.53±7.51,P<0.01).The total effective rate of the experimental group was statistically higher than that of the control group(82.0%vs.51.2%,χ2=11.97,P=0.003).Conclusion:The combination of five-element music therapy and routine nursing measures has better effect in relieving pain and bad emotions of patients with KOA when compared with routine nursing measures alone.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Social Skills Training and Anger Management on Adjustment of Unsupervised Girl Adolescents

This study aimed at a comparison of the effectiveness of social skills training and anger management on adjustment of unsupervised girl adolescents between 15 - 18 years old in Tehran. This research was an experimental one with plan of pre-test and post-test control groups. The statistical universe of this research was consisted of all unsupervised girl adolescents between 15 - 18 years old in Tehran. The subject was 35 unsupervised girl adolescents who are assigned to two groups: experimental and control group. Data were collected by using the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS). Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the social skills training and anger management significantly increased social, emotional and educational adjustment on the experimental group (P < 0. 05). But Tukey’s follow-up test showed that there wasn’t significant difference between effectiveness of training anger control on compatibility and effectiveness of training social skills on individuals’ total compatibility. Findings showed that both trainings could be used in the same extent in order to enhance compatibility level.

Effect of Labor Skills Training on Industrial Development and Economic Benefits of Winter Potato in Regions Inhabited by Ethnic Minorities : A Case Study of Lancang Lahu Autonomous County

Using three kinds of labor skills training methods(expert team training,recruit training and local agricultural extension center training),based on enterprise planting and farmer planting,this paper analyzes the impact of training methods on the development of potato industry,such as yield,income and planting extension.The results show that the expert team training,recruit training and labor skills training of local agricultural extension center can significantly improve the labor quality and skills,and increase the yield and income of winter potatoes.The expert team training,recruit training and local agricultural extension center training can lift growers out of poverty and improve the willingness of people to plant and extend.The winter potato industry has become one of the pillar industries to shake off poverty and become rich,increasing local economic benefits.Through labor skills training,the winter potato industry has become one of the main industries to improve the quality of the local people and increase economic income,promoting the local people to shake off poverty and become well-off.

A virtual reality based surgical skills training simulator for catheter ablation with real-time and robust interaction

Background Atrial fibrillation(AF)is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia that can cause severe heart problems.Catheter ablation is one of the most ideal procedures for the treatment of AF.Physicians qualified to perform this procedure need to be highly skilled in manipulating the relevant surgical devices.This study proposes an interactive surgical simulator with high fidelity to facilitate efficient training and low-cost medical education.Methods We used a shared centerline model to simulate the interaction between multiple surgical devices.An improved adaptive deviation-feedback approach is proposed to accelerate the convergence of each iteration.The periodical beating of the human heart was also simulated in real time using the position-based dynamics(PBD)framework to achieve higher fidelity.We then present a novel method for handling the interaction between the devices and the beating heart mesh model.Experiments were conducted in a homemade simulator prototype to evaluate the robustness,performance,and flexibility of the proposed method.Preliminary evaluation of the simulator was performed by medical students,residents,and surgeons.Results The interaction between surgical devices,static vascular meshes,and beating heart mesh was stably simulated in a frame rate suitable for interaction.Conclusion Our simulator is capable of simulating the procedure of catheter ablation with high fidelity and provides immersive visual experiences and haptic feedback.

Evaluation of Impact of Life-planning Skills Training among Senior High School Students in Shangcai County

Objective To evaluate the impact of sex and reproductive health education using lifeplanning skills training among senior high school students in a rural county. Methods The study was conducted in three senior high schools of Shangcai County with comparable socio-cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics, two as intervention sites and one as the control. A three-month life-planning skills training course was conducted among all grade one students in the intervention schools. The baseline survey was conducted prior to the intervention, once again three months after the intervention was initiated. Data were collected through questionnaires, FGDs and 1Dis to evaluate the effect of the intervention program. Results After the intervention, the median score of reproductive health knowledge was higher in the intervention group （55.66） than that in control group （38.68）. Students from the intervention group were also more comfortable with their developmental changes which were going through, In the end line survey, 92.70% of the students in the intervention group suggested that reproductive health education should be carried out among all middle school students in Shangcai County. Multivariate analysis also indicated that peers and family had a significant effect on students＇ sex-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion Sex and reproductive health education via provision of life-planning skills training can significantly increase students＇ sex and reproductive health knowl- edge and was welcomed by students, teachers and parents.

The Importance of the Skills Training

I will begin by highlighting the recommendations that address the acceleration of entrepreneurship in a cost effective way the inequalities between rich and poor,inequalities between men and women and of course

Nurses’ movements within and between various paths when improving their communication skills—An evaluation of validation method training

Aims and objectives: To explore any changes in nurses’ skills at communicating with residents with dementia disease when using the validation method, as observed in one-to-one videotaped conversations. Background: Communication difficulties due to cognitive impairment among residents with dementia disease may complicate care situations. Training can improve nurses’ communication skills and increase care quality. The validation method aims to facilitate communication with residents with dementia disease through empathic and confirmatory approaches. Evaluations of the validation method have primarily focused on the residents’ perspective, and reports on nurses’ experiences are sparse. Improved communication and relationships with residents after validation method training have been described previously. Videotaped data could provide additional information about these earlier results. Design: A descriptive qualitative design. Methods: Eight nurses participated in a year of validation method training, including videotaped conversations with eleven residents. Videotapes with at least five months between the first and last recording were analysed and compared qualitatively. Results: The analysis revealed an overall pattern: nurses’ movements within and between various paths when improving their communication skills. This was based on three sub-patterns: from controlling communication towards developing attentiveness in communication, from ambiguous communication towards developing coherence in communication, and from being open and attentive towards having a refined attuned communication. Conclusions: All nurses developed their communication skills during the programme, albeit to different degrees. The findings are in congruence with the experiences described by nurses, and so it is reasonable to believe that the programme helped to improve the nurses’ skills in communicating with residents with dementia disease. Relevance to clinical practice: A validation method training programme could give nurses the possibility to develop their skills in communicating with residents with dementia disease.

Application Experience of Quality Feedback in Standardized Practical Skills Training for Clinicopathology Residents

In recent years,there are increasingly more standardized trainings for doctors based on the standardized training outline that is suitable for different grades.Hierarchical training has gradually formed a relatively sound training mode.In reflecting students’learning effect,there is a need for an ideal quality feedback system in the standardized practical skills training for clinical pathology residents.This feedback system can help students achieve the training objectives through understanding and grasping the learning content.

Understanding the effects of structured self-assessment in directed,self-regulated simulation-based training of mastoidectomy:A mixed methods study

Objective:Self-directed training represents a challenge in simulation-based training as low cognitive effort can occur when learners overrate their own level of performance.This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of a structured self-assessment intervention during simulation-based training of mastoidectomy.Methods:A prospective,educational cohort study of a novice training program consisting of directed,self-regulated learning with distributed practice(5x3 procedures)in a virtual reality temporal bone simulator.The intervention consisted of structured self-assessment after each procedure using a rating form supported by small videos.Semi-structured telephone interviews upon completion of training were conducted with 13 out of 15 participants.Interviews were analysed using directed content analysis and triangulated with quantitative data on secondary task reaction time for cognitive load estimation and participants’self-assessment scores.Results:Six major themes were identified in the interviews:goal-directed behaviour,use of learning supports for scaffolding of the training,cognitive engagement,motivation from self-assessment,selfassessment bias,and feedback on self-assessment(validation).Participants seemed to self-regulate their learning by forming individual sub-goals and strategies within the overall goal of the procedure.They scaffolded their learning through the available learning supports.Finally,structured self-assessment was reported to increase the participants’cognitive engagement,which was further supported by a quantitative increase in cognitive load.Conclusions:Structured self-assessment in simulation-based surgical training of mastoidectomy seems to promote cognitive engagement and motivation in the learning task and to facilitate self-regulated learning.

Correlation between Employment Quality and Skill Training of Land-expropriated Farmers

Based on field survey,an empirical analysis was made on the correlation between employment quality and skill training of landexpropriated farmers. The analysis indicated that there are differences in employment opportunity,employment sector,employment ability,wage income and employment stability between land-expropriated farmers. Besides,though skill training,it is feasible to effectively improve employment quality of land-expropriated farmers. The skill training exerts a significant effect on employment and urban adaptation of land-expropriated farmers. The mode of skill training promoting employment quality was proposed. Skill training can raise human resource level of land-expropriated farmers,and increase their labor and employment skills,to help them realize regular employment and smoothly become citizens. For fund sources for skill training,government and land expropriation unit should bring into play active role. And skill training should be undertaken under the guidance of government and support of land expropriation unit.

The Empirical Study on Chinese Style Dual System Basing on Foxconn Training Base Program

So far many existing papers have made study on dual system.While most scholars take the opinion that dual system can give obviously positive effect to skilled talent training,some theorists argue that the precondition of dual system performs excellently is dual system should be localized according to the reality of a country or a district.This paper analyzes dual system practice in China from an example of Foxconn Training Base,the conclusion is that in Foxconn Training Base Program,dual system has been localized successfully and evolved into triangle system,and this program management pattern can be used in other areas of China as a mature,standard Chinese dual system pattern for skilled talent training.

Impact of Life Skills Training to Improve Cognition on Risk of Sexual Behavior and Contraceptive Use among Vocational School Students in Shanghai,China

Objective To evaluate the impact of life skills training that uses participatory teaching method on improving reproductive health cognition of vocational school students of metropolitan, China.Methods Three vocational schools of an urban district in Shanghai were selected as the research sites, with two schools as the intervention groups（group A and group B） and the other as the control（group C）. Group A was provided life skills training with core of reproductive health plus peer education, while group B only provided life skills training. All the second grade students were recruited as the subjects. Baseline surveys were conducted in three schools before the implementation of the intervention, and similar surveys were conducted after two terms of the intervention to test the effectiveness of the intervention. In total, 1 612 subjects, including 810 males and 802 females, were recruited. The effects of the intervention on subjects＇ cognitions on sexual behavior and condom/contraceptive use were analyzed using mixed model with repeated measures.Results From pretest to posttest, there were significant increase of the proportions of perceiving risks in getting pregnant, infecting STDs and HIV, benefits by learning and using condom, and self-efficacy in contraceptive use, and decrease of the proportions of perceiving barriers for condom use in two intervention groups; while few similar changes in the control group. In mixed modeling analysis, interaction effects of group A × time and group B × time were found on the scores of perceived risks （P〈0.000 1）, perceived benefits （P〈0.000 1）, perceived barriers （P=0.001 2for group A and P=0.003 4 for group B）,and perceived self-efficacy （P〈0.000 1）. The significant difference of the effects between two interventions was only observed on perceived benefits （P 〈0.000 1）.Conclusion Life skills training using participatory approaches is effective in improving students＇ reproductive health cognition and could be used as an important method in educating young people about sex-related issues.

Common outcome,different pathways:Social informationprocessing deficits in autism spectrum disorder and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder

Social functioning is a key domain of impairment in both autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).This review adopts the social information-processing model as the theoretical framework to compare and contrast the deficits of ASD and ADHD at each of the six steps of social information-processing.Both disorders show deficits at each step,but the nature and origins of the deficits are different.Thus,while both disorders exhibit a common outcome of social impairment,the exact pathways that each disorder traverses along the six steps of social information-processing are different.For ASD,there is a social knowledge/behaviour deficit arising from difficulties in social/emotional cue detection,encoding,and interpretation,leading to problems in joining and initiating social interaction.For ADHD,there is a performance deficit incurred by disruption arising from the ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity,while its acquisition capacity on social knowledge is relatively intact.The inattentive,intrusive,and impulsive behaviours of ADHD unsettle social interaction.Finally,this review proposes training targets for intervention along the six steps of the social information-processing model for ASD and ADHD,as well as areas for future research in further elucidating the social impairment of the two disorders.

Efficacy of Williams LifeSkills Training in improving psychological health of Chinese male juvenile violent offenders:a randomized controlled study

This randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Williams Life Skills Training（WLST） as a means ofimproving the psychological health of Chinese male juvenile violent offenders.Sixty-six participants were assigned randomly to receive the usual intervention plus 8 weeks of WLST（study group,n = 33） or only the usual intervention（control group,n = 33）. We found that the study group exhibited significantly decreased State-Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI X-1,X-2） STAX2 scores and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire（TCSQ） negative scores,and increased Interpersonal Support Evaluation List（ISEL） tangible scores from baseline to 9 weeks later（P 〈0.01）. In addition,a between-group difference in changes of TCSQ negative score was observed at the end of week 9（P 〈0.05）. These fi ndings suggest that WLST can improve trait anxiety,coping style,and interpersonal support in male Chinese juvenile violent offenders.

SKILLS TRAINING:AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF LITERATURE TEACHING

This article identifies some problems Chinese universities have when they offer English litera-ture as a compulsory course to advanced level English majors.One constructive approach is discussed,andsome suggestions on improving literature teaching are put forward.

Hatching Success

TAng huiyong was no novice when it comes to working on agricultural cooperation projects abroad.But in spite of his experience,he had pangs of anxiety on being selected by the Ministry of Agriculture for a Chinese Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education and Training（ATVET）program in Ethiopia in 2011.

Virtual reality simulator for training urologists on transurethral prostatectomy

Background A virtual reality simulator provides a novel training model for improving surgical skills in a variety of fields. They can simulate a variety of surgical scenarios to improve the overall skills required for endoscopic operations, and also record the operative process of trainees in real-time and allow for objective evaluation. At present, some simulators for transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） are available. The utility of virtual reality simulators in training of transurethral prostatectomy was investigated. Methods Thirty-eight urologists were randomly selected to take part in a simulation based training of TURP using the TURPSimTM system. Pre and post-training global rate scale （GRS） scores and objective parameters recorded by the simulator were assessed. Then, questionnaires were filled out. Results Compared with baseline levels, the GRS scores of trainees increased （18.0±4.0 vs. 12.4±4.2, P 〈0.001）, while the rate of capsule resection （26.3%±0.6% vs. 21.2%±0.4%, P 〈0.001）, amount of blood loss （（125.8±86.3） ml vs. （83.7±41.6） ml, P 〈0.001）, external sphincter injury （3.6±2.9 vs. 2.0±2.0, P 〈0.001 ） decreased significantly after training. Most trainees were satisfied with the simulator based training and believed that the simulator accurately mimicked actual surgical procedures and could help improve their surgical skills. Conclusions As a new method of training on transurethral prostatectomy skills, training of TURP using a virtual simulator can help urologists improve their surgical skills and safety. Therefore, the application of the TURPSimTM system in education and training of urologic surgery is warranted.

Effect of an Ecological Executive Skill Training Program for School-aged Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder： A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background： As medication does not normalize outcomes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, especially in real-life functioning, nonpharmacological methods are important to target this field. This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive executive skill training program for school-aged children with ADHD in a relatively large sample. Methods： The children （aged 6-12 years） with ADHD were randomized to the intervention or waitlist groups. A healthy control group was composed of gender- and age-matched healthy children. The intervention group received a 12-session training program lbr multiple executive skills. Executive function （EF）, ADHD symptoms, and social functioning in the intervention and waitlist groups were evaluated at baseline and the end of the final training session. The healthy controls （HCs） were only assessed once at baseline. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to compare EF, ADHD symptoms, and social function between intervention and waitlist groups. Results： Thirty-eight children with ADH D in intervention group, 30 in waitlist group, and 23 healthy children in healthy control group were included in final analysis. At posttreatment, intervention group showed significantly lower Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function （BRIEF） total score （135.89 ±16.80 vs. 146.09 ± 23.92, P = 0.04） and monitoring score （18.05 ± 2.67 vs. 19.77 ± 3.10, P = 0.02）, ADHD-IV overall score （41.11 ± 7.48 vs. 47.20 ± 8.47, P 〈 0.01 ）, hyperactivity-impulsivity （HI） subscale score （ 18.92 ± 5.09 vs. 21.93 ± 4.93, P = 0.02）, and inattentive subscale score （22.18 ±3.56 vs. 25.27± 5.06, P 〈 0.01 ）, compared with the waitlist group. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed significant interactions between time and group on the BRIEF inhibition subscale （F = 5.06, P 0.03）, working memory （F- 4.48, P = 0.04）, A DH D-IV overall score （F = 21.72, P 〈 0.01）, HI subscale score （F = 19.08, P 〈 0.01）, and inattentive subscale score （F- 12,40, P 〈 0.01 ）. Multiple-way analysis of variance showed significant differences on all variables of BRIEF, ADHD-rating scale-IV, and WEISS Functional Impairment Scale-Parent form （WFIRS-P） among the intervention and waitlist groups at posttreatment and HCs at baseline. Conclusions： This randomized controlled study on executive skill training in a relatively large sample provided some evidences that the training could improve EF deficits, reduce problematic symptoms, and potentially enhance the social thnctioning in school-aged children with ADHD.