A System for Detecting Refueling Behavior along Freight Trajectories and Recommending Refueling Alternatives

Smart refueling can reduce costs and lower the possibility of an emergency. Refueling intelligence can only be obtained by mining historical refueling behaviors from big data, however, without devices, such as fuel tank cursors, and cooperation from drivers, these behaviors are hard to detect. Thus, detecting refueling behaviors from big dala derived from easy-to-approach trajectories is one of/he most efficient retrieve evidences for research of refueling behaviors. In this paper, we describe a complete procecdure for detecting refoeling behavior in big data derived from freight trajectories. This procedure involves the inte- gration of spatial data mining and machine-learning techniques. The key pall of the methodology is a pattern detector that extends the naive Bayes classifier. By draw＇ing on the spatial and temporal characteristics of freight trajectories, refileling behaviors can be identified with high accuracy. Fu,lher, we present a refueling prediction and recommendation system to show how our refueling detector can be used practically in big data. Our experimetlts on real trajeclories show that our refueling detector is accurate, and the system performs well.

Nonadiabatic Effect on the Rescattering Trajectories of Electrons in Strong Laser Field Ionization Process

The important features of the rescattering trajectories in strong field ionization process such as the cutoff of the return energy at 3.17Up and that of the final energy at 10Up are obtained, based on the adiabatic approximation in which the initial momentum of the electron is assumed to be zero. We theoretically study the nonadiabatic effect by assuming a nonzero initial momentum on the rescattering trajectories based on the semiclassical simpleman model. We show that the nonzero initial momentum will modify both the maximal return energy at collision and the final energy after backward scattering, but in different ways for odd and even number of return trajectories. The energies are increased for even number of returns but are decreased for odd number of returns when the nonzero （positive or negative） initial momentum is applied.

In-line imaging measurements of particle size,velocity and concentration in a particulate two-phase flow

A novel method is developed for in-line measurements of particle size, velocity and concentration in a dilute, particulate two-phase flow based on trajectory image processing. The measurement system consists of a common industrial CCD camera, an inexpensive LED light and a telecentric lens. In this work, the image pre-processing steps include stitching, illumination correction, binarization, denoising, and the elimination of unreal and defocused particles. A top-hat transformation is found to be very effective for the binarization of images with non-uniform background illumination. Particle trajectories measured within a certain exposure time are used to directly obtain particle size and velocity. The particle concentration is calculated by using the statistics of recognized particles within the field of view. We validate our method by analyzing experiments in a gas-droplet cyclone separator. This in-line image processing method can significantly reduce the measurement cost and avoid the data inversion process involved in the light scattering method.

Curvature and Residual Stress Analysis in Rotational Leveling of Bars

Leveling process plays an important role in delivering the desired material properties and product standards.An analytical method for the rotational leveling process of bars was presented.First,each cross section of the bar in the leveling area was discretized with the roller gap-curvature relations established in both planes XYand XZ.Second,a numerical procedure with two steps was developed to simulate both pressing and leveling processes.This approach can be easily implemented to produce simulation results of the curvature and trajectory distributions during the leveling process,as well as the bending and residual stresses.It is found that curvature and trajectory distributions follow a sine-shape due to the characteristic of rotational movement,which also results in a helical pattern of residual stress after leveling.Based on the results obtained,it is also observed that the rotational movement is beneficial for adding the number of bending cycle.This is the reason why there are only a few pairs of rollers on the bar leveler.