Current controversies and future perspectives on treatment of intensive care unit delirium in adults

Delirium is the most frequent manifestation of acute brain dysfunction in intensive care unit(ICU).Although antipsychotics are widely used to treat this serious complication,recent evidence has emphasized that these agents did not reduce ICU delirium(ICU-D)prevalence and did not improve survival,length of ICU or hospital stay after its occurrence.Of note,no pharmacological strategy to prevent or treat delirium has been identified,so far.In this scenario,new scientific evidences are urgently needed.Investigations on specific ICU-D subgroups,or focused on different clinical settings,and studies on medications other than antipsychotics,such as dexmedetomidine or melatonin,may represent interesting fields of research.In the meantime,because there is some evidence that ICU-D can be effectively prevented,the literature suggests strengthening all the strategies aimed at prevention through no-pharmacological approaches mostly focused on the correction of risk factors.The more appropriate strategy useful to treat established delirium remains the use of antipsychotics managed by choosing the right doses after a careful case-by-case analysis.While the evidence regarding the use of dexmedetomidine is still conflicting and sparse,this drug offers interesting perspectives for both ICU-D prevention and treatment.This paper aims to provide an overview of current pharmacological approaches of evidence-based medicine practice.The state of the art of the on-going clinical research on the topic and perspectives for future research are also addressed.

A Method to Determine the Incident Wave Boundary Conditions and Its Application

When studying the harbor water tranquility, cases are often confronted as that the verification point is not located on the generation line or that the angle between the generation line and the isobath is so large that the differences of the wave climates along the generation line can not be ignored. For these cases, the incident boundary conditions are difficult to evaluate. In order to solve this problem, a combined wave model is developed in the present paper based on the Boussinesq equation and the wave action balance equation. Instead of the one-line wave generation method, a multi-line generation method is proposed for the combined model. Application of this method is given to a case that the harbor is designed with two entrances and the angle between the generation line and the isobath is large and the results are shown reasonable. We suggest that the wave generation method on multi-lines might also be introduced to the wave physical model as the replacement for the one-line generation method.

A Study on the Effects and Toxicity of Tranquil in Experimental Animals

Effects of tranquil and its inhalation toxicity in experimental animals were studied. The drug was administered to the mice through respiratory tract by a static intoxication equipment. Automatic activities (AA) of mice were recorded by a YSD4G pharmacologicalphysiological multitrack recording equipment to evaluate the combined effects of tranquil and pentobarbital. Changes in amount of cerebral 5hydroxytryptamine(5HT) and 5hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) were observed. The results showed that tranquil could reduce the AA of mice and exert a synergic hypnotic effect with pentobarbital. There was a tendency in decreasing cerebral 5HT and increasing 5HIAA. LC50 value for mice exceeded 70 000 mg/m\+3. In rats exposed to tranquil at 59 066 mg/m\+3, 4 hours every day for 3 consecutive days, Author no respiratory irritative action was observed. This indicated the inhibitory effects of tranquil on the CNS of mice. Its action mechanism is probably different from that of diazepam and may be related to the function of central neurotransmitter 5hydroxytryptamine. Tranquil has low inhalation toxicity and no irritative action on the respiratory tract.\;

Tranquil Niujie Mosque

BEIJING visitors or residents looking to spend down time in a tranquil setting can opt for the Niujie Mosque and its surrounds -a charming and often overlooked part of the capital. Niujie is the name of the street where the mosque is located,a name literally meaning Ox Street.The millennium mosque dates back to 996 and is the oldest and at 6,000 square meters,the largest of all the mosques in Beijing.The spacious prayer hall can easily accommodatel,000

Explaining and evaluating the quality of“light”in religious environments and its effect on spirituality

The current study aimed to investigate the quality of the interior architecture of the religious spaces regarding inducing the sense of spirituality with an emphasis on light.Thus,the authors introduced the best option by simulating the light intensity of the interior environment of the Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque,Shiraz,in software and developing a visual standard questionnaire with a statistical population including the experts.This research was a field,and survey study and computational software were used to simulate the light intensity of the interior environment of the mosque in the first part.Then,the researcher-made visual questionnaire was developed.Also,this questionnaire was sent to the experts online due to the current situations due to the Covid-19 pandemic.The statistical population was selected using the purposive sampling method from the universities of Iran,Malaysia,India,and Turkey,whose expertise was architecture,environmental psychology,and sacred arts.

The induced wave energy damping effect owing to rearrangement rubble mound breakwater

To maintain the calmness of the harbor,rubble mound breakwaters are one of the practical measures to protect sailing and mooring waters.This paper investigates the effect of relocated rubble mound breakwaters on tranquillity in Busan yacht range and the impact of bridge piers at the entrance of the yacht range based on physical hydraulic modeling using multi-directional random waves.It is obtained that the sufficient tranquillity can be due to securely moored yachts,owing to newly relocated rubble mound breakwaters away from piers.The experimental results also showed the distribution of the energy difference’dependence on various wave directions.The experimental findings are valuable for the design of Busan yacht marina,and are of reference to other port projects.