Long range trans-Pacific transport and deposition of Asian dust aerosols

The deposition of Asian dust aerosols during their trans-Pacific transport might cause significant marine phytoplankton biomass increases. However, the knowledge of the trans-Pacific dust transport, deposition, and spatial distribution is still poor due to a lack of continuous and simultaneous observations in the Asian subcontinent, the north Pacific Ocean, and North America. The severe Asian dust storm during 6 to 9 April 2001 provided an opportunity to gain a better understanding of trans-Pacific dust transport and deposition, using a comprehensive set of observations from satellites, ground-based light detection and ranging, aircraft, and surface observation networks. The observations and model simulations outline the general pattern of dust transport, deposition, vertical profile, and spatial distribution. The following points were observed： （1） the surface dust concentrations decreased exponentially with the increasing dust transport distance from 80°E to 120°W along the transport pathway; （2） the altitude of the dust concentration peak increased with increasing transport distance in the north Pacific region; and （3） the spatial distribution of dust deposition mainly depended on the trans-Pacific transport route.

Trans-Pacific Trade Deal Cloud Revolutionize Commerce

President Barack Obama travels to Honolulu to meet with the 21-nation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation bloc. The president hopes to advance a trade deal few know about but that could shape the future of U.S. commercial relations overall, and with fast-growing

Should China Join the New Trans-Pacific Partnership?

After President Donald Trump s ill-advised pullout from the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)and despite the absence of the US,the remaining 11 Asian and Pacific countries agreed on a deal,renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Transpacific Partnership(CPTPP).The accord took effect on 30 December 2018 and provides rigorous,up-to-date rules for Asia-Pacific trade,but excludes the region s two biggest economies:the US and China.In this paper,we calculate that Chinese membership in the CPTPP would yield large economic and political benefits to China and other members.The CPTPP,in its current form,would generate global income gains estimated at US$147bn annually.If China were to join,these gains would quadruple to US$632bn,or a quarter more than in the original TPP with the US.But to join the CPTPP,China would have to undertake unprecedented reforms and manage complex political challenges.

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and Trans-Pacific Partnership： Policy Options of China

As a result of deadlocked multilateral trade negotiations, many countries have embarked on the establishment of bilateral and regional trade agreements. Using the Global Trade Analysis Project database and a computable general equilibrium model, our paper focuses on the impacts of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership （TTIP） and the Trans- Pacific Partnership （TPP） on the Chinese economy under three scenarios. The results suggest that when only the TTIP is realized, Chinese economic variables are negatively affected. When both the TTIP and the TPP are realized and China is excluded, the combined damage to the Chinese economy is higher than the damage with the TTIP alone. However, the inclusion of China in the TPP has a positively effect on economic variables in China. This indicates that the impacts of China ＇s participation in the TPP compensate for the negative impacts of the TTIP. Therefore, China should consider being part of the TPP to offset the negative impacts of the TTIP.

Joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Round 2

Getting the Deal Done with the TPP12The Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)trade negotiations are currently nearing completion with twelve countries:Australia,Brunei,Canada,Chile,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,New Zealand,Peru,Singapore,United States and Vietnam.The TPP is a rare trade agreement that has both deep and broad commitments.

The Governance of Cross-Border Data Flows in Trade Agreements:Is the CPTPP Framework an Ideal Way Out?

The regulations of cross-border data flows is a growing challenge for the international community.International trade agreements,however,appear to be pioneering legal methods to cope,as they have grappled with this issue since the 1990s.The World Trade Organization(WTO)rules system offers a partial solution under the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS),which covers aspects related to cross-border data flows.The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership(CPTPP)and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement(USMCA)have also been perceived to provide forward-looking resolutions.In this context,this article analyzes why a resolution to this issue may be illusory.While they regulate cross-border data flows in various ways,the structure and wording of exception articles of both the CPTPP and USMCA have the potential to pose significant challenges to the international legal system.The new system,attempting to weigh societal values and economic development,is imbalanced,often valuing free trade more than individual online privacy and cybersecurity.Furthermore,the inclusion of poison-pill clauses is,by nature,antithetical to cooperation.Thus,for the international community generally,and China in particular,cross-border data flows would best be regulated under the WTO-centered multilateral trade law system.