On a Compound Poisson Risk Model Perturbed by Brownian Motion with Variable Premium and Tail Dependence between Claims Amounts and Inter-Claim Time

This paper considers the compound Poisson risk model perturbed by Brownian motion with variable premium and dependence between claims amounts and inter-claim times via Spearman copula. It is assumed that the insurance company’s portfolio is governed by two classes of policyholders. On the one hand, the first class where the amount of claims is high, and on the other hand, the second class where the amount of claims is low, this difference in claim amounts has significant implications for the insurance company’s pricing and risk management strategies. When policyholders are in the first class, they pay an insurance premium of a constant amount c1 and when they are in the second class, the premium paid is a constant amount c2 such that c1 > c2. The nature of claims (low or high) is measured via random thresholds . The study in this work will focus on the determination of the integro-differential equations satisfied by Gerber-Shiu functions and their Laplace transforms in the risk model perturbed by Brownian motion with variable premium and dependence between claims amounts and inter-claim times via Spearman copula. .

IN SITU METALLOGRAPHIC OBSERVAION OF THERMALCYCLING EFFECTS ON PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN Cu-Zn-Al SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

In this paper, an in situ metallographic video system was used to study the morphology in Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy (SMA) during thermal cycling phase tmnsforma-tion. There are seven different types of martensite morphology in Cu-Zn-Al SMA,i.e. plate, spean bamboo, noose, round-spot, line and dot-like martensites. During transformation and inverse-transformation, the thermoelastic martensites were rising and falling, growing and shrinking, splitting and merping. The growth patterns of thermoelastic martensite were divided into three types: fast growing, very slow ex-pansion and uniform automatic growth. Automatic growth appeared when ageing at a temperature below Ms. The result, for the first time, coofirmed Olson and Cohen,s suggestion that thermoelastic martensite may be automatically grown when ageing be-low Ms. With increasing numbers of thermal cycling, both the memory recovery ratio (% )and memory recoverp degradation (%) degraded logarithmically. The degrada-tion was steep in the initial stage and then became more and more gradual in the middle and the final stages caused by the stabilisation of martensite. In the initial stage, vacancies assumed the controlling role, while dislocations took the major role in other stages. The martensite transformation caused the intedeces to become bent and blurmd, but with increasing cycling numbers, the movements of interface had the same degradation effects as the memory recovery ratio curves. Under these conditions, we also found the martensites on one side of the intedece became reorientated and par-allel to the intedece. It was therefore concluded that the movement degradation of the interface and the appearance of bamboo like martensite induced the degradation of two way shape memory effect (TWMP).

Thermal stability and hydration behavior of ritonavir sulfate:A vibrational spectroscopic approach

Ritonavir sulfate is a protease inhibitor widely used in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In order to elucidate the inherent stability and sensitivity characteristics of ritonavir sulfate, it was investigated under forced thermal and hydration stress conditions as recommended by the Inter- national Conference on Harmonization guidelines. In addition, competency of vibrational （infrared and Raman） spectroscopy was assessed to identify structural changes of the drug symbolizing its stress degradation. High performance liquid chromatography was used as a confirmatory technique for both thermal and hydration stress study, while thermogravimetric analysis]differential thermal analysis and atomic force microscopy substantiated the implementation of vibrational spectroscopy in this frame- work. The results exhibited high thermal stability of the drug as significant variations were observed in the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra only after the drug exposure to thermal radiations at 100 ℃. Hydration behavior of ritonavir sulfate was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy and the value of critical relative humidity was found to be 〉 67%. An important aspect of this study was to utilize vibrational spectroscopic technique to address stability issues of pharmacological molecules, not only for their processing in pharmaceutical industry, but also for predicting their shelf lives and suitable storage conditions.

ANALYSIS OF A TOW－SUPPLEMENTAL EQUIPMENT COLD STANDBY REPAIRABLE SYSTEM ON LARGE POWER STATION

ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＡＴＯＷ－ＳＵＰＰＬＥＭＥＮＴＡＬＥＱＵＩＰＭＥＮＴＣＯＬＤＳＴＡＮＤＢＹＲＥＰＡＩＲＡＢＬＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＮＬＡＲＧＥＰＯＷＥＲＳＴＡＴＩＯＮＳｈｕａｉＺｈｉｍｉｎｇ（帅志明）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｏｗｅｒＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ...

An Introduction to Information Sets with an Application to Iris Based Authentication

This paper presents the information set which originates from a fuzzy set on applying the Hanman-Anirban entropy function to represent the uncertainty. Each element of the information set is called the information value which is a product of the information source value and its membership function value. The Hanman filter that modifies the information set is derived by using a filtering function. Adaptive Hanman-Anirban entropy is formulated and its properties are given. It paves the way for higher form of information sets called Hanman transforms that evaluate the information source based on the information obtained on it. Based on the information set six features, Effective Gaussian Information source value (EGI), Total Effective Gaussian Information (TEGI), Energy Feature (EF), Sigmoid Feature (SF), Hanman transform (HT) and Hanman Filter (HF) features are derived. The performance of the new features is evaluated on CASIA-IRIS-V3-Lamp database using both Inner Product Classifier (IPC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). To tackle the problem of partially occluded eyes, majority voting method is applied on the iris strips and this enables better performance than that obtained when only a single iris strip is used.

rCOS： a formal model-driven engineering method for component-based software

Model-driven architecture （MDA） has become a main stream technology for software-intensive system design. The main engineering principle behind it is that the inherent complexity of software development can only be mastered by building, analyzing and manipulating system models. MDA also deals with system complexity by provid- ing component-based design techniques, allowing indepen- dent component design, implementation and deployment, and then system integration and reconfiguration based on com- ponent interfaces. The model of a system in any stage is an integration of models of different viewpoints. Therefore, for a model-driven method to be applied effectively, it must pro- vide a body of techniques and an integrated suite of tools for model construction, validation, and transformation. This requires a number of modeling notations for the specifica- tion of different concerns and viewpoints of the system. These notations should have formally defined syntaxes and a unified theory of semantics. The underlying theory of the method is needed to underpin the development of tools and correct use of tools in software development, as well as to formally ver- ify and reason about properties of systems in mission-critical applications. The modeling notations, techniques, and tools must be designed so that they can be used seamlessly in sup- porting development activities and documentation of artifactsin software design processes. This article presents such a method, called the rCOS, focusing on the models of a system at different stages in a software development process, their se- mantic integration, and how they are constructed, analyzed, transformed, validated, and verified.

THE DIRECTION DEPENDENCE OF SURFACE WAVE SPEED AT THE SURFACE OF MAGNETO-ELECTRO-ELASTIC HALF-SPACE

The direction dependence of surface wave speed and the influence of electrically and magnetically short/open circuit are investigated in this paper. First, the elastic, piezoelectric and piezomagnetic coefficients in the considered ordinate system are obtained by Bonde transformation from those in the crystal axis ordinate system. Then, the secular equation of surface wave is derived from the free traction condition on the surface of half space with consideration of short/open circuit case. Some numerical examples are given. The direction dependence of surface wave speed and the influences of short/open circuit are shown graphically and discussed based on the numerical results.

A 7-year follow-up study of the features and transformations of elderly male patients with OGTT-1h hyperglycemia

The aim of this paper is to investigate the clin-ical features and transformation of elderly male patients with normal blood glucose levels at fasting and 2 hours after glucose intake but with hyperglycemia(>11.1 mmol/L)1 hour after oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT-1h HG).Seven years of follow-up visits were per-formed on 189 elderly male outpatients with OGTT-1h HG and data was recorded on their body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,serum cholesterol and triglyceride test results and on their glucose tolerance changes every 1–2 years after taking OGTT;their possible causes were analysed.Follow-up visits revealed that 19 patients with OGTT-1h HG were diagnosed with diabetes(10.1%),78 patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT,41.3%),2 patients transformed to normal glucose tolerance(NGT,1.1%)and the remaining 90 patients(47.6%)remained unchanged.Synchronized comparison with IGT patients showed that the ratio of OGTT-1h HG patients turning to diabetes was lower than that of IGT patients(21.1%,x2513.05,P,0.01),and the ratio of OGTT-1h HG patients transforming to NGT was slightly higher(0.4%,x252.46,P.0.05).The prevalence of complications of hypertension,coronary heart disease,cerebral vascular diseases and dyslipidemia in patients with OGTT-1h HG were higher than those with NGT(P,0.05)and were similar to that of IGT patients.As a special phenotype of OGTT and as part of an abnormal glucose tolerance con-formation,patients with OGTT-1h HG warrant special attention,since about half of them were found to have developed diabetes or IGT,and their risk of suffering from vascular diseases were also increased.

Effect of Banxia Xiexin decoction on Helicobacter pylori-related peptic ulcers and its possible mechanism via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Banxia Xiexin decoction(BXD) on Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-related peptic ulcers(PUs) and the possible mecha-nism underlying BXD actions via the transforming growth factor-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic(TGF-β/Smad) signaling pathway.METHODS: PU patients with cold-heat complex syndrome were randomly assigned to groups that received Chinese or Western medicines with 20 patients in each group. Serum was collected after 7 d of treatment. The healthy group included 20 individuals. Gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1 was cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the following seven groups: control, model, healthy,Western Medicine, prior treatment, low dosage,and high dosage. After 72 h of treatment with the corresponding serum, the m RNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad3, and Smad7 were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively.RESULTS: The m RNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in GES-1 cells were increased after Hp introduction, and these increased levels were reduced by the BXD-containing serum. The protein levels of p-Smad3, but not TGF-β1 or Smad3, were significantly increased in Hp-treated GES-1 cells,and treatment with the BXD-containing serum markedly decreased the protein levels. Smad7 expression was significantly enhanced following treatment with the BXD-containing serum at transcriptional and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: BXD regulates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3, and increasing the expression of Smad7.

Correspondence between quantum-optical transform and classical-optical transform explored by developing Dirac＇s symbolic method

By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac＇s ket-bra operators, we ex- plore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel- Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We cannot only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, de- riving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. For examples, we find the generalized Fresnel opera- tor （GFO） to correspond to the generalized Fresnel transform （GFT） in classical optics. We derive GFO＇s normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area in finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum op- tics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators are fully used. All these have confirmed Dirac＇s assertion： ＂...for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory＂.

Expression of integrin in hepatic fibrosis and intervention of resveratrol

The aim of this study was to explore the expression of integrin-β1 in different stages of hepaticfibrosis and intervention of resveratrol as well as the way by which integrin-β1 promoted hepaticfibrosis.Hepaticfibrosis models of male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were created and intragastric administration of resveratrol was given in low(40 mg/kg),middle(120 mg/kg)and high(200 mg/kg)dose groups.The expression of integrin-β1,transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)in different stages of hepaticfibrosis was detected by using RT-PCR.The expression of hexadecenoic acid(HA)and precollagen III(pc III)was assayed by radioimmunoassay.The expression of integrin-β1,TGF-βand TIMP-1 was determined in each group.Liver function and pathological sections of each group in different stages of hepaticfibrosis was tested to judge the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol at different doses.The expression of integrin-β1 in normal control group was low and steady and was not increased with the development of hepaticfibrosis,but it was increased in other groups.The expression levels of integrin-β1 in the model control group(0.878±0.03,P<0.01)and low dose group(0.855±0.04,P<0.01)were higher than other groups,but there was no difference between model control group and low dose group(P>0.05).The expression levels of integrin-β1 and TGF-βin middle dose group and high dose group were higher than other groups(P<0.01).The expression levels of integrin-β1 and TGF-βin model control group and low dose group were lower than the normal control group(P<0.01).The expression levels of TIMP-1 in the model control and low dose groups were higher than the other groups(P<0.01).The expression levels of TIMP-1 in the middle dose group and the high dose group were lower than the normal control group(P<0.01).The expression of integrin-β1 existed in all stages of hepaticfibrosis of SD rats,and it was increased with the development of hepaticfibrosis.The expression of TGF-βand TIMP-1 was consistent with that of integrin-β1 in different stages of hepaticfibrosis.Resveratrol could improve the degree of hepaticfibrosis of SD rats and decrease the expression of integrin-β1 markedly at a dose of 120 mg/kg.

A Fuzzy Neural Network Based Dynamic Data Allocation Model on Heterogeneous Multi-GPUs for Large-scale Computations

The parallel computation capabilities of modern graphics processing units （GPUs） have attracted increasing attention from researchers and engineers who have been conducting high computational throughput studies. However, current single GPU based engineering solutions are often struggling to fulfill their real-time requirements. Thus, the multi-GPU-based approach has become a popular and cost-effective choice for tackling the demands. In those cases, the computational load balancing over multiple GPU ＂nodes＂ is often the key and bottleneck that affect the quality and performance of the real=time system. The existing load balancing approaches are mainly based on the assumption that all GPU nodes in the same computer framework are of equal computational performance, which is often not the case due to cluster design and other legacy issues. This paper presents a novel dynamic load balancing （DLB） model for rapid data division and allocation on heterogeneous GPU nodes based on an innovative fuzzy neural network （FNN）. In this research, a 5-state parameter feedback mechanism defining the overall cluster and node performance is proposed. The corresponding FNN-based DLB model will be capable of monitoring and predicting individual node performance under different workload scenarios. A real=time adaptive scheduler has been devised to reorganize the data inputs to each node when necessary to maintain their runtime computational performance. The devised model has been implemented on two dimensional （2D） discrete wavelet transform （DWT） applications for evaluation. Experiment results show that this DLB model enables a high computational throughput while ensuring real=time and precision requirements from complex computational tasks.

Construction of an immortalized neural progenitor cell strain and analysis of its immunogenicity

Neural progenitor cells(NPC)are those that are the source of neural cells for cell transplantation and gene therapy.The shortage in quantity and the limited life spans of primary cultured cells limit its widespread use in basic research.Immortalized NPC,which also possess the capacity of self-renewal and can proliferate infinitely,can produce a large number of NPCs with stable phenotype and genotype.Here we report that an immortalized neural progenitor cell strain,which we named as INPC,was suc-cessfully established by gene-transfer of simian virus 40 large T antigen gene mediated by liposomes.The INPC retained the biological characteristics of its original cells and provided a safe and reliable cell platform for the treat-ment of central nervous system diseases and transgenic cell transplantation.INPC could express low levels of MHC antigens which was down-regulated after differentiation.This indicates that INPC possesses poor immunogenicity.The immortalized cells may show good long-term survival and do not elicit an acute immunological response follow-ing transplantation.