β-glucan has been shown to increase immunity and survival in various juvenile and adult fish both in freshwater and marine aquaculture species as well as in marine fish larvae. However, information about the trans-ge...β-glucan has been shown to increase immunity and survival in various juvenile and adult fish both in freshwater and marine aquaculture species as well as in marine fish larvae. However, information about the trans-generational immune-enhancing effects of β-glucan remains rather limited. Here we clearly show that dietary intake of β-glucan enhanced the levels of C3, Bf and lysozyme in the serum of turbot as well as in their eggs released. We also show that yeast glucan induced a significant increase in lysozyme activity in both the serum and eggs. Moreover, the embryos derived from yeast glucan-treated turbot were more resistant to bacterial challenge than control embryos. By contrast, the administration of yeast glucan on female turbots had little influence on the egg development and embryonic development. Collectively, these data indicate that yeast glucan can be safely used to promote the non-specific trans-generational immunity in offspring of turbot.展开更多
The question of the existence of long-term psychological effects of the Holocaust on the survivors and their offspring still keeps the scientific and clinical literature divided. Whereas clinically based reports on of...The question of the existence of long-term psychological effects of the Holocaust on the survivors and their offspring still keeps the scientific and clinical literature divided. Whereas clinically based reports on offspring of Holocaust survivors pointed to intergenerational transmission of traumatic experiences, more controlled studies did not find much psychopathology, except when second generation subjects were confronted with life-threatening situations. Recently, a number of studies have used attachment theory as a conceptual framework for exploring the intergenerational effects of traumatic experiences. The purpose of this study is to understand the way in which the process of trauma transmission can be investigated from an attachment perspective. The hypothesis is that the intergenerational transmission of the ＂shadow＂ of the Holocaust has weighed on the ＂second generation＂, through the mechanism of ＂frightening/frightened＂ responses given by the parent. Participants to the study, 26 Jewish Italian offspring of Concentration Camps survivors and 26 Jewish Italian offspring of Jewish parents who did not experience the Concentration Camps, were interviewed with the AAI （Adult Attachment Interview） in order to detect thought processes indicative of unresolved traumatic experiences. The distribution of the main classifications for the AAI for both the EG （experimental group） and the comparison groups did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Moreover the EG is not strongly ＂traumatized＂. These results are in-line with others similar researches. The data suggests that the presence of mediating factors may mitigate the trans-generational impact of trauma.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1401211) to S. C. Zhangthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 201822020) to H. L
文摘β-glucan has been shown to increase immunity and survival in various juvenile and adult fish both in freshwater and marine aquaculture species as well as in marine fish larvae. However, information about the trans-generational immune-enhancing effects of β-glucan remains rather limited. Here we clearly show that dietary intake of β-glucan enhanced the levels of C3, Bf and lysozyme in the serum of turbot as well as in their eggs released. We also show that yeast glucan induced a significant increase in lysozyme activity in both the serum and eggs. Moreover, the embryos derived from yeast glucan-treated turbot were more resistant to bacterial challenge than control embryos. By contrast, the administration of yeast glucan on female turbots had little influence on the egg development and embryonic development. Collectively, these data indicate that yeast glucan can be safely used to promote the non-specific trans-generational immunity in offspring of turbot.
文摘The question of the existence of long-term psychological effects of the Holocaust on the survivors and their offspring still keeps the scientific and clinical literature divided. Whereas clinically based reports on offspring of Holocaust survivors pointed to intergenerational transmission of traumatic experiences, more controlled studies did not find much psychopathology, except when second generation subjects were confronted with life-threatening situations. Recently, a number of studies have used attachment theory as a conceptual framework for exploring the intergenerational effects of traumatic experiences. The purpose of this study is to understand the way in which the process of trauma transmission can be investigated from an attachment perspective. The hypothesis is that the intergenerational transmission of the ＂shadow＂ of the Holocaust has weighed on the ＂second generation＂, through the mechanism of ＂frightening/frightened＂ responses given by the parent. Participants to the study, 26 Jewish Italian offspring of Concentration Camps survivors and 26 Jewish Italian offspring of Jewish parents who did not experience the Concentration Camps, were interviewed with the AAI （Adult Attachment Interview） in order to detect thought processes indicative of unresolved traumatic experiences. The distribution of the main classifications for the AAI for both the EG （experimental group） and the comparison groups did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Moreover the EG is not strongly ＂traumatized＂. These results are in-line with others similar researches. The data suggests that the presence of mediating factors may mitigate the trans-generational impact of trauma.
