The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)are among the most exciting topics in science today.Based on trans-kingdom RNAi,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)has been...The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)are among the most exciting topics in science today.Based on trans-kingdom RNAi,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)has been widely applied to create crops with resistance to various pests and pathogens,overcoming the limitations of resistant cultivars.However,a lack of transformation technology in many crops limits the application of HIGS.Here,we describe the various fates of trans-kingdom RNAs in recipient organisms.Based on the assumption that small RNAs can be transferred between the host and its microbiome or among microbiome members,we propose a possible alternative strategy for plant protection against pathogens without the need for crop genetic modification.展开更多
Fungal pathogens represent a major group of plant invaders that are the causative agents of many notorious plant diseases. Large quantities of RNAs, especially small RNAs involved in gene silencing, have been found to...Fungal pathogens represent a major group of plant invaders that are the causative agents of many notorious plant diseases. Large quantities of RNAs, especially small RNAs involved in gene silencing, have been found to transmit bidirectionally between fungal pathogens and their hosts. Although host-induced gene silencing （HIGS） technology has been developed and applied to protect crops from fungal infections, the mechanisms of RNA transmission, especially small RNAs regulating trans- kingdom RNA silencing in plant immunity, are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent important findings regarding trans-kingdom sRNAs and RNA silencing in plant-fungal pathogen interactions compared with the well-known RNAi mechanisms in plants and fungi. We focus on the interactions between plant and fungal pathogens with broad hosts, represented by the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae and non-vascular pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and discuss the known instances of natural RNAi transmission between fungal pathogens and host plants. Given that HIGS has been developed and recently applied in controlling Verticillium wilt diseases, we propose an ideal research system exploiting plant vasculature-Verticillium interaction to further study trans-kingdom RNA silencing.展开更多
RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes.The discovery of natural trans-kingdom RNAi indicated that small RNAs act as signaling molecules and enable ...RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes.The discovery of natural trans-kingdom RNAi indicated that small RNAs act as signaling molecules and enable communication between organisms in different kingdoms.The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNAi are among the most exciting research topics.To better understand trans-kingdom RNAi,we review the history of the discovery and elucidation of RNAi mechanisms.Based on canonical RNAi mechanisms,we summarize the major points of divergence around RNAi pathways in the main eukaryotes’kingdoms,including plants,animals,and fungi.We review the representative incidents associated with the mechanisms and applications of trans-kingdom RNAi in crop protection,and discuss the critical factors that should be considered to develop successful trans-kingdom RNAi-based crop protection strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.31730078).
文摘The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)are among the most exciting topics in science today.Based on trans-kingdom RNAi,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)has been widely applied to create crops with resistance to various pests and pathogens,overcoming the limitations of resistant cultivars.However,a lack of transformation technology in many crops limits the application of HIGS.Here,we describe the various fates of trans-kingdom RNAs in recipient organisms.Based on the assumption that small RNAs can be transferred between the host and its microbiome or among microbiome members,we propose a possible alternative strategy for plant protection against pathogens without the need for crop genetic modification.
基金This study was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （XDB11040500 to H.-S.G.）, National Natural Science Foundation （31730078 to H.-S.G., 31600124 to J.-H.Z., and 31500119 to C.H.）.
文摘Fungal pathogens represent a major group of plant invaders that are the causative agents of many notorious plant diseases. Large quantities of RNAs, especially small RNAs involved in gene silencing, have been found to transmit bidirectionally between fungal pathogens and their hosts. Although host-induced gene silencing （HIGS） technology has been developed and applied to protect crops from fungal infections, the mechanisms of RNA transmission, especially small RNAs regulating trans- kingdom RNA silencing in plant immunity, are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent important findings regarding trans-kingdom sRNAs and RNA silencing in plant-fungal pathogen interactions compared with the well-known RNAi mechanisms in plants and fungi. We focus on the interactions between plant and fungal pathogens with broad hosts, represented by the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae and non-vascular pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and discuss the known instances of natural RNAi transmission between fungal pathogens and host plants. Given that HIGS has been developed and recently applied in controlling Verticillium wilt diseases, we propose an ideal research system exploiting plant vasculature-Verticillium interaction to further study trans-kingdom RNA silencing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32020103003,31730078,and 32170293)。
文摘RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes.The discovery of natural trans-kingdom RNAi indicated that small RNAs act as signaling molecules and enable communication between organisms in different kingdoms.The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNAi are among the most exciting research topics.To better understand trans-kingdom RNAi,we review the history of the discovery and elucidation of RNAi mechanisms.Based on canonical RNAi mechanisms,we summarize the major points of divergence around RNAi pathways in the main eukaryotes’kingdoms,including plants,animals,and fungi.We review the representative incidents associated with the mechanisms and applications of trans-kingdom RNAi in crop protection,and discuss the critical factors that should be considered to develop successful trans-kingdom RNAi-based crop protection strategies.
