A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and 1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichlorometh- ane with an efficiency of 〉96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.

Evaluation of light extraction efficiency for the light-emitting diodes based on the transfer matrix formalism and ray-tracing method

The internal quantum efficiency（IQE） of the light-emitting diodes can be calculated by the ratio of the external quantum efficiency（EQE） and the light extraction efficiency（LEE）.The EQE can be measured experimentally,but the LEE is difficult to calculate due to the complicated LED structures.In this work,a model was established to calculate the LEE by combining the transfer matrix formalism and an in-plane ray tracing method.With the calculated LEE,the IQE was determined and made a good agreement with that obtained by the ABC model and temperature-dependent photoluminescence method.The proposed method makes the determination of the IQE more practical and conventional.

Understanding the Interfacial Energy Structure and Electron Extraction Process in Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Phosphine-Doped Cathode Interlayers

Comprehensive Summary Cathode interlayers(CILs)play an essential role in achieving efficient organic solar cells(OSCs).However,the electronic structure at the electrode/CIL/active layer interfaces and the underlying mechanisms for electron collection remain unclear,which becomes a major obstacle to develop high-performance CILs.Herein,we investigate the relationship of the electron collection abilities of four cross-linked and n-doped CILs(c-NDI:P0,c-NDI:P1,c-NDI:P2,c-NDI:P3)with their electronic structure of space charge region at heterojunction interface.By accurately calculating the depletion region width according to the barrier height,doping density and permittivity,we put forward that the optimal thickness of CIL should be consistent with the depletion region width to realize the minimum energy loss.As a result,the depletion region width is largely reduced from 13 nm to 0.8 nm at the indium tin oxide(ITO)/c-NDI:P0 interface,resulting in a decent PCE of 17.7%for the corresponding inverted OSCs.