Reflection and Study on the Transfer of International Manufacturing Industries and Chinese Sustainable Development

Ever since the 1960s, especially 1980s, under the background of quickening pace of economic globalization and the regional division of labor around the world, the transfer of manufacturing industries among countries and areas gets great momentum and impetus. During 20-plus years in which China has adopted the policy of opening-up and reforming, our country has played an active role in taking part in the transfer of manufacturing industries. It advances the structural change of national manufacturing industries, accelerates national industrialism and promotes the comprehensive development of regional economics. In this paper, the author makes some initial study on the regularity of transfer of International manufacturing industries, discusses the profound impact of such shift on our national resources, environment, economics and society, and also proposes corresponding suggestions on how to implement the strategy of sustainable development in the process of the shift.

International trade,pollution industry transfer and CO_2 emissions in Chinese industries

Will developed countries turn China into a haven for "dirty" industries through international trade by specializing in producing and exporting "clean" products and importing pollution-intensive products from China? How does international trade affect Chinese industries' CO2 emissions? This paper presents an empirical test of these hypotheses using statistical techniques such as the environmental input-output model and net exports as a proportion of consumption(NETXC) based on the trade data of 20 industries in China,and G7 and OECD developed countries.In this study,we draw three conclusions:(1) The proportion of domestically produced CO2 emissions in CO2 emissions embodied in products exported from China has been declining;(2) Industries migrated or displaced from developed countries into China include both "dirty" and "clean" industries;(3) International trade can help industries reduce CO2 emissions in aggregate and per unit of output.China has not become a haven for developed countries' "dirty" industries as a result of international trade.

Analysis and Research on Industrial Land Transfer in Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone of Anhui Province

In recent years,with high-speed development of economy and society,and fast propulsion of industrialization and urbanization process in the development zone,average annual land demand in the development zone also quickly enlarges,and the contradiction between high-speed growth of economy and shortage of land resources is apparent increasingly. Meanwhile,to guarantee crop safety and stick to 0. 12 billion hm2of farmland red line as a rigid constraint which could not be exceeded,the supply-demand contradiction of industrial land is more and more prominent. With industrial land scale continues to enlarge,land resources become more and more scarce,but there exists the phenomenon of low-efficiency land use and even idle. For land use characteristics of the development zone,taking Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example,the countermeasures of perfecting industrial land transfer mechanism in the development zone are proposed.

The Belt and Road Initiative and International Industrial Transfer: Economic and International Implications

Theorists have discussed the Belt and Road Initiative relative to its political or policy implications, and world response to it has focused on analysis and commentary that assesses it geopolitically, with some even calling it a power play by China. Although the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed and has been promoted by China, it fundamentally is being developed within and adapted to laws of international industrial transfer and worldwide economic development trends, founding the initiative on universality and objectivity. The Belt and Road Initiative is an upgraded version or a new phase of the Go Out strategy adopted by the Chinese government to encourage Chinese enterprises to look abroad, which has been an important part of international industrial transfer. China is becoming a major output source in this new round of international industrial transfer, and the countries along the Belt and Road have become the major recipients. The new growth center of the global economy is likely to emerge along the Belt and Road, but the question of which countries in particular will take the lead in industrializing and accelerating economic growth through this industrial transfer will be decided in part through conditions such as development stage, technical maturity, cost level, and geographical location and in part through internal and external policy adjustment and choices made by the participating countries.

A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM AND CHARACTEROF THE INDUSTRIALAND SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE OF FDI IN CHINA

In the last two decades, China has become one of the areas that have the greatest potential in industrial production, thus it has ranked second only to USA in the flow of international capital. By the end of 1998, the real value of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in China has utilized has added up to $268.1 billion. The big flow of FDI has not only promoted the development of social economy, but also worsened the existing regional difference by choosing spatial location. Under this circumstance, China’s economy faces new restrictions and opportunities while adjusting its regional structure and industrial structure. So it is more and more important for us how to seize the opportunity, to seek the regularity of FDI in choosing location from the aspect of space, to set up relevant strategy to direct FDI at inland regions (areas deficient of capital), and to make appropriate policies, esp. the industrial and regional policies so as for FDI to exert positive influence and avoid negative influence on China and its regional economy and society. Based on the latest domestic and overseas materials and data of the FDI in China, combining with the investigation of the enterprises, this paper has systematically revealed the progress of development of the FDI in China and the developing conditions of the main enterprises directly invested by foreign capital since the reform and opening-up in China. The characters of FDI such as spatial concentration, transference as time goes on, change of the technical content and up-gradation of industrial structure and their forming mechanism have been studied. Then the basic conclusions have been made as follows. Firstly, FDI has been highly concentrated in space. But as time goes by, it has been transferring from coastal regions to inland ones, from big cities to their surrounding districts, and the degree of concentration is decreasing. Secondly, the technical content of the invested projects has gradually increased and the up-gradation of the industrial structure is obvious. Thirdly, the regional choice of the FDI in China is mainly affected by labor and other productive factors. The relative change of the cost of productive factors in different regions since the reform and opening-up is one of the main factors that have caused the spatial transference of the FDI in China. Fourthly, as people’s income increases and the accumulation of the capacity of the technique and labor advances, FDI whose aim is to get more market has increased and tended to transfer from coastal regions to inland ones. Fifthly, the changes of the industrial structure of the main areas and countries who have directly invested in China and the changes of inter-regional industries and regional policies in China are also the important factors that affect the industries directly invested by foreign capital and their spatial transference.

Research on the Industrial Transfer and Restructuring Path of the Energy-Intensive Manufacturing Industry in Western China

The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.

Present Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Land Transfer in the Process of Agricultural Industrialization in the Qinling-Daba Mountains(Shiyan)

In order to study the current situation of land transfer in the process of agricultural industrialization in the Qinling-Daba Mountains(Shiyan),27 villages of 14 townships(towns) of six counties(cities) were visited and investigated through questionnaires,and the current situation and characteristics of land transfer among large professional households( large grain producers),family farms,agricultural enterprises and cooperatives in the process of agricultural industrialization were analyzed and summarized. The main issues affecting land transfer were summarized,such as big difference of inflow and outflow will,single way of land transfer,high cost of planting,weak agricultural infrastructure,a lack of production and operation technology,insufficient funds and short land transfer period,and imperfect social security system.Meanwhile,some countermeasures were proposed,such as improving land transfer system,precise subsidy policy and social security mechanism of Shiyan City,guiding long-term and normalized land transfer,strengthening training of professional skills and improving the quality of human resources,actively promoting the " three-township project",and attracting the investment in land transfer projects.

Research on the Impact of Land Transfer on County Agricultural Industrialized Development——A Case Study of Dali County,Shaanxi Province

On the strength of the status quo of Chinese land transfer,the changes of the county agricultural production factor market arising from land transfer from four aspects covering land market,agricultural capital market,agricultural labor market and agricultural science and technology.The impacts of land transfer on county agricultural industrialized development are analyzed:in the first place,the large amount of land required by the county agricultural scale production can be effectively supplied;in the second place,a large number of labors required by the county agricultural industrialized production can be effectively fulfilled;in the third place,the innovation of science and technology provides motivation for adjusting the county agricultural industrial structure.On the basis of that,the countermeasures on promoting the county economic development are put forward:firstly,the land transfer market should be standardized to ensure the sustainable and stable development of county agricultural industrialized development;secondly,the commercial value,variations and added value of the county agricultural products should be improved;thirdly,the input on the county agricultural capital should be ensured.

数字经济赋能农村产业现代化的内在逻辑、现实挑战及优化路径

在数字经济迅猛发展的当今时代,各行各业都迎来了新的变革机遇。农村产业体系作为我国经济的基础产业体系,也应把握数字时代新机遇,为发展注入新动力。数字经济赋能农村产业现代化具有全链路深度覆盖的特征。从作用机理看,数字经济依托物联网、大数据、人工智能(AI)、生物技术等新兴数字技术,对技术研发、品种繁育、种植养殖到生产加工、物流、销售等农业产业链全过程赋能,促进农业生产的优质化、品牌化、产业化、集约化、规模化、专业化、社会化、绿色化,进而助力乡村产业现代化进程。这不仅能够提升农业生产效率和产品质量,还能够促进农业产业间的融合发展,增强农业产业的整体竞争力。从发展模式看,我国当前的农业经营主体占比最大的仍然是小农户,如何实现小农户与现代农业的有机衔接是农村产业现代化进程中的关键问题。得益于数字经济广覆盖、高效率、非竞争性等特性,通过建立农业社会化服务体系,提供技术支持和市场信息服务,可以帮助小农户提高生产效率,降低成本,增加收入;通过数字技术推动农业产业链的延伸、强化和补充,即“延链”“强链”“补链”,可以帮助小农户将生产活动从种养环节向农产品加工流通等二三产业延伸,提高农户综合收益;通过改善供产销之间的衔接效率,实现订单形势变化与生产组织方式的高度匹配,可以帮助小农户充分发挥资源优势,转化为市场竞争力;通过土地流转的数字化管理,可以帮助小农户提升规模化经营水平,进而提升发展质量;通过数据分析预测作物病虫害发生,可以帮助小农户进行科学农业生产决策,指导精准灌溉施肥,减少资源浪费。

中西部地区承接国内产业转移的现状、动因与建议

基于Wind数据库,通过整理2018—2023年上市公司报告,使用投资新建项目与生产基地、注册地址变更等企业区位变迁信息,可以识别中国在这个时期产业转移的方向和规模。研究发现,现阶段国内产业转移主要呈内迁而非外移的特点与趋势,即中西部地区是国内产业转移的主要承接地,并没有出现大规模的外移现象。出现这一趋势的主要动因是顺应国内要素结构转型,优化产业战略配置;规避不确定性风险;区域发展战略与政策支持引导。中西部地区承接国内产业转移的优势和挑战主要包括:产业集聚集群基础较好,但产业配套体系仍需完善;生产要素成本整体较低,但优势正在逐渐丧失;交通基础设施条件较好,但覆盖程度和互联互通水平仍需提高;市场潜力较大,但营商环境仍需优化。现阶段中国产业链布局要在兼顾效率的同时,更加注重韧性与安全的要求;培育并不断提高中西部地区承接产业转移的动态竞争力;以建设区际互联互通的国内统一大市场助推产业内迁;营造中西部地区一流营商环境。

碳排放权交易、成本转嫁与绿色技术创新——来自民航业的证据

碳排放权交易是控制和减少温室气体排放、推动绿色低碳发展的重大制度创新。以中国商业航空公司为研究对象,以2013—2021年为时间窗口,采用DID模型检验了碳市场交易机制对绿色技术创新的影响及成本转嫁能力的对该影响的调节效应。研究发现,参与碳市场的控排企业基于成本压力、声誉效应和潜在收益会强化绿色技术创新。碳交易机制的政策效应存在显著滞后性,长周期观察更能体现政策效果。成本转嫁能力负向调节碳交易机制对绿色技术创新的促进作用,碳排放权交易政策对控排企业绿色技术创新的促进作用存在产权异质性、规制强度异质性、配额分配方式异质性、企业规模异质性和经营模式的异质性。研究结论为合理评估碳排放权交易的政策效应,纠偏民航企业绿色行为异化,促进行业高质量发展提供理论依据和经验证据。

Lead anthropogenic transfer and transformation in China

Information on lead redistribution and speciation changes in anthrosphere can help to analyze the whole lead cycle on the earth. Lead life cycle was traced based on the concepts of anthropogenic transfer and transformation. Lead transfer and the distribution of chemical species throughout the anthropogenic flow were identified in 2010 in China. The results show that 1.85 Mt lead ore was consumed(besides 1.287 Mt imported concentrated ore and 1.39 Mt lead scraps. After undergoing transformations, 3.53 Mt lead entered end services in chemical species of Pb, Pb O2 and PbSO4, altogether accounting for over 80% of the total lead products. Finally, 2.10 Mt ore was emitted into the environment in such species as PbSO4(26%), PbO(19%) and Pb(15%). Lead transfer begins in primary raw material sectors, and then transfers to manufacturing sectors. Lead provides services mainly in such industrial sectors as transportation, electrical power and buildings or construction.

产业园转型路径策略初探--以江苏共建园区为例

江苏共建园区是江苏省委省政府意图通过资源要素跨区域传导,实现苏北发展与苏南转型“共赢”的创造性战略举措。在区域一体化和区域经济高质量发展的新时期,文章分析了江苏共建园区的政策制度,总结了江苏共建园区“嵌入式”发展特征,以及新时期面临的主要问题,并就新时期共建园区高质量发展的转型路径进行了探讨,为江苏共建园区高质量发展及实现区域一体化协同发展提供参考。

新质生产力与农业经济韧性的理论分析与经验证据

农业稳则全局稳,农业经济韧性的提升对于保障国家粮食安全、促进农业可持续发展至关重要。提升农业经济韧性是实现农业农村现代化的重要内容,是我国面对国内外复杂形势的现实选择。新质生产力在实践中形成并发展,展现了习近平经济思想的最新成果,已成为推动农业经济高质量发展的重要动力。基于2010—2022年全国30个省级行政区的面板数据,采用固定效应模型系统考察新质生产力对农业经济韧性的影响效应,研究发现:第一,新质生产力能有效提升农业经济韧性,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立;第二,新质生产力能够通过农业产业结构升级、加快土地流转内在路径进而作用于农业经济韧性,进一步地,门槛效应表明新质生产力对农业经济韧性的影响是非线性的;第三,异质性结果表明新质生产力对农业经济韧性的影响在东部地区、平原地区、粮食主产区更为显著。

湖南省承接跨境电商产业转移的现状、挑战与提升路径研究

随着我国跨境电商行业的发展,一些沿海地区的跨境电商企业开始将部分业务内迁到具备成本优势和乡情纽带的内陆城市如长沙,武汉。湖南省承接的跨境电商企业以运营类企业为主,承接了大量基础岗位,在跨境电商供应链、信息交流与物流枢纽建设等方面仍存短板。为提升跨境电商能力,应综合施策,通过引入平台型企业加速产业带形成,促进回迁企业与产业带资源对接,强化物流枢纽与海外仓建设,发挥核心园区辐射力,推动湖南跨境电商产业高质量发展。

我国体育助力物质生活共同富裕的内在逻辑、现实状况与改革建议——基于三次分配理论的视角

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,根据三次分配理论探讨我国体育助力物质生活共同富裕问题。认为,市场通过体育产业的发展推动初次分配,政府通过公共体育服务促进二次分配,社会通过体育慈善活动助力三次分配。我国体育助力物质生活共同富裕成效显著,具体表现为:体育产业推动经济社会持续发展,成为吸纳就业的重要领域;转移支付制度平衡了区域间、层级间财政差距,政府对公共体育服务投入保障不断增强;体育慈善组织体系与功能日益完善,体育志愿服务规范有序发展。同时也存在体育产业富民不足、吸纳就业结构冲突;转移支付绩效不高、政府投入增长缓慢;体育慈善社会支持不足,体育志愿服务长效机制缺乏等问题。为此,应坚持党的全面领导和以人民为中心的发展思想,推进体育助力共同富裕的进程;要做大做强体育产业,以市场竞争夯实初次分配的基础;强化政府责任,以公平为导向做好二次分配工作;社会层面要营造体育慈善氛围,以奉献助力三次分配。

Industrial layout reconstruction, the role of local government and variation of pollution distribution in China

In recent years, high-polluting industries have been gradually shifted from the eastern developed regions to the central and western underdeveloped regions in China. Certain environmental regulations have been in place accordingly in various regions, but the pollution in the central and western regions has risen sharply. Based on the data of interprovincial panel in China from 2006 to 2015, this paper calculates high-pollution industry dynamic agglomeration index, environmental pollution agglomeration index and relative environmental regulation intensity index, and uses Generalized Method of Moments to carry out the regression analyses of the whole samples,regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. The results show that there is an inverted Ushaped relationship between relative environmental regulation and environmental pollution concentration in China. The concentration degrees of industrial wastewater pollution and industrial waste gas pollution are deepened, which are mainly caused by the transfer of highly polluting industries. However, the concentration of industrial solid waste pollution caused by the transfer is not obvious. Furthermore, the deepening of industrialization intensifies the concentration of regional environmental pollution. Environmental Kuznets Curve does exist in China,but it is not significant. The increase of labor cost and quality will reduce the concentration of environmental pollution.

Research on the Impact of Industry Transfer to Regional Competitiveness

In this paper the effects of industry transfer are discussed. Through analysis it can be found industry transfer will have important influence on the national competitiveness, regional competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness. It is found that industry transfer is an effective way to rejuvenate the old industrial base in the Northeast Region of China.

RESEARCH ON TRANSFER MATRIX OF ROBOT WRIST FORCE SENSOR

The transfer matrix of wrist force sensor is important for decoupling theoutput signals and enhancing the precision of wrist force sensor.This paper solves thetransfer matrix from the realization of optimal approximation of polynomial.First,thegeneral transfer matrix algorithm in the sense of L^2 and two kinds of modified algorithmare proposed.Then,starting from uniform approximation,the optimal transfer matrixalgorithm is offered and solved by the use of linear programming.The results of experi-ment and computation prove that these algorithms are effective.

An industrial-scale annular centrifugal extractor for the TRPO process

Annular centrifugal extractors(ACEs) offer advantages including excellent hydraulic and mass-transfer performance, small hold-up volume, short residence time,and thus low solvent degradation, high nuclear criticality,easy start-up and shut-down, high compact structure.Therefore, ACEs have attracted increasing interest for future nuclear processing schemes, including the partitioning of high-level liquid waste(HLLW). Laboratoryscale and pilot-scale ACEs have been applied in demonstration tests of the trialkyl phosphine oxide(TRPO) process for HLLW partitioning. In this study, an industrialscale ACE(260 mm in rotor diameter) with magnetic coupling and a ‘‘hanging'' rotor structure was developed for the TRPO process. Moreover, a series of hydraulic and mass-transfer tests were carried out in the industrial-scale ACE. The maximum throughput can reach 10 m^3/h under suitable operation parameters when kerosene is used as the organic phase, and water is used as the aqueous phase. The influence of the total flowrate, the flow ratio(aqueous/organic, A/O), and the rotor speed on the liquid hold-up volume was determined. The extraction stage efficiency is higher than 98% under test parameters for extraction of Nd^(3+) and HNO_3, using 30% TRPO kerosene as theextractant from an HNO_3 solution containing Nd. All results show good performance of the industrial-scale ACE for the TRPO process.