Problems in the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Chengdu Plain——A Empirical Analysis of Xiyu Village,Gexianshan Town,China

Under the new situation of the coordination of rural and urban development,the employment and transfer of surplus labor force have become the major social problems in China.Based on the field investigation on Xiyu Village of Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City,the surplus labor force and the absorptive capacity of non-agricultural industries are estimated by using per capita cultivated method and output value absorption method.Based on this,the transfer pattern of surplus labor force is generalized and the corresponding suggestions for transfer are put forward.

Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

Granger Causality Test of Urban-rural Income Gap and Employment of Rural Labor Forces——A Case Study of Shouguang City

Taking Shouguang City in Shandong Province as an example, this article researches the mutual relationship between urban-rural income and employment of rural labor forces, and conducting cointegration test and Granger causality test on the variable sequences using statistical data. The results show that the average annual income of rural labor forces influences the income per capita of rural residents, and there is a Granger causality relationship between the income per capita of rural residents and urban employees' average wage. Engaging in production concerning agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery makes the total income per capita in rural areas of Shouguang City higher than the average wage of urban residents in Shouguang City, even in Weifang City. The comparative advantage in terms of income causes the city to loose attraction to rural residents in Shouguang City. The comparative advantage drives more rural labor forces in Shouguang City to engage in primary industry, thereby greatly reducing the pressure of employment and transfer of rural labor forces. Finally important following measures are put forward to promote employment and on-the-spot transfer of rural labor forces: vigorously propel agricultural industrialization; increase rural residents' income; improve the living conditions for rural residents.

Research on the Impact of Rural Labour Forces Transfer on the Urban-rural Income Based on Economics of Discrimination

On the basis of the analytical frame of discrimination, the thesis establishes a model of transfer of rural labour forces into city, and researches the impact of rural labour forces transfer on urban-rural income. The results show that the transfer of rural labour forces into city can increase urban-rural income and bridge the income gap between city and village to a certain extent. However, the capital stock of city in China is greatly more than that of the village, so the rural labour forces transfer cannot eliminate the urban-rural income gap completely. In order to elevate the rural income level in China and narrow urban-rural income gap, the government should paint a picture with two brushes at the same time: on one hand, the government should promote the transfer of rural labour forces into city, and change the status quo of dual urban-rural labour forces market structure; on the other hand, the government should increase the input in rural areas and promote the increase of rural capital stock so as to further increase rural residents' income in the process of labour forces transfer.

On the Employment Structure and Transfer Characteristics of Rural Laborers in He'nan Province

He’nan is a populous province in China, in which a large number of rural laborers are one of the important factors affecting social and economic development of He’nan Province. However, the employment structure and transfer characteristics of rural laborers have important effect on regional industrial structure. Applying shiftshare method（ SSM） which is often used in analyzing the characteristics of industrial structure to the structure analysis of the labour force can better show the characteristics of labor employment and transfer, thereby providing some reference for the development of regional social economy. The results showed that the transfer of rural laborers in He’nan Province still showed the typical characteristics of traditional agricultural province; the basic advantages of agricultural employment of rural laborers have gradually weakened, while the competitive advantages of the industry, the building industry, and the wholesale ＆ retail trade and catering service industry gradually became obvious, at the same time, there were differences in the deviation of departments among different regions of He’nan Province.

Impact of Labor Transfer on Agricultural Land Use Conversion at Rural Household Level Based on Logit Model

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use con- versions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

Estimation,analysis of China's labor force 2000-08

The author estimated and analyzed China's urban and rural economically active,employed and unemployed populations as well as the labor-force participation ratio and employment and unemployment rates from 2000-2008 by referring to population census data and establishing estimation models in this paper.The research results indicate changing trends in China's urban and rural economically active population from 2000-2008.

社会保障参与有助于农村土地流转吗?——基于劳动力转移的中介效应

随着我国城乡社会保障制度逐步完善,农民对土地的依赖得到缓解,农村劳动力非农就业比例提高,农村土地流转供给不断增加。基于中国家庭追踪调查2012—2018年数据,构建了双重固定效应模型,旨在考察社会保障参与对农村土地流转的影响,同时分析了劳动力转移的中介效应。研究结果表明:参与新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出具有显著影响;参与新型农村合作医疗保险对于农村土地转出的影响并不显著,但是显著抑制农村土地转入;劳动力转移在新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出的影响中发挥着中介作用,在新型农村合作医疗对农村土地流转影响中发挥的中介效应不明显。

普惠保险对城乡收入差距的影响——基于农村劳动力转移机制

缩小城乡收入差距是实现社会主义现代化必须实现的目标,而普惠保险作为影响城乡收入差距的重要因素,讨论其如何缩小城乡差距是一个值得研究的命题。构建理论分析框架,系统分析普惠保险对城乡收入差距的影响机制,利用省级面板数据与中介效应模型,实证分析普惠保险对城乡收入差距的作用机制及影响效果。研究表明:普惠保险在缩小城乡收入差距的过程中存在农村劳动力转移的中介效应;普惠保险缩小城乡收入差距的效果会因农村劳动力转移的水平不同表现出明显差异。进一步扩展研究发现,普惠保险对城乡收入差距的影响效果具有农业地位异质性和农村劳动力转移水平异质性。在农业大省,普惠保险能够缩小城乡收入差距,但在非农业大省,普惠保险对城乡收入差距的作用效果不显著。在农村劳动力转移水平低的地区,普惠保险对城乡收入差距的系数绝对值更大,即普惠保险对缩小城乡收入差距的效果更明显。

农村劳动力流动、经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响——基于动态面板与门槛效应模型的实证分析

城乡一体化发展是破解新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手。近年来,我国经济不断发展,农村劳动力流动规模不断扩大。但城乡二元结构并没有随着经济增长和劳动力流动而同步转化,存在着严重的滞后性。城乡二元结构成为掣肘经济持续发展的重要因素。文章基于2006—2020年我国31省份面板数据,运用系统动态面板模型(SYS-GMM)分析劳动力流动与经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响;运用门槛效应模型,以劳动力流动为门槛变量,分析经济增长对城乡二元结构的非线性影响。结果表明,劳动力流动促进城乡二元结构转化,而经济增长抑制城乡二元结构转化;经济增长对城乡二元结构的作用受到劳动力流动的影响,表现出门槛效应:当劳动力流动规模超过一定限度后,经济增长对城乡二元结构转化的抑制作用将得到缓解。

农业新质生产力对城乡收入差距的影响研究

通过采用2013-2022年中国30个省级行政单位的面板数据,基于固定效应模型、中介效应模型和调节效应模型,实证检验了农业新质生产力对城乡收入差距的影响,并验证了农业劳动生产率和农业市场化水平在影响过程中的中介机制和调节机制。研究结果显示:农业新质生产力的发展能够显著缩小城乡收入差距;通过区域异质性检验,发现农业新质生产力对缩小城乡收入差距的作用效果在西部地区最为明显。通过中介机制检验,发现农业新质生产力能够通过农业劳动生产率缩小城乡收入差距,农业劳动生产率的中介效应显著;由调节机制分析发现,农业市场化对农业新质生产力缩小城乡收入差距具有正向调节作用。根据研究结果,提出加大对农业科技研发的投入力度,推动农业生产方式的转型升级,持续加强农业科技人才培养与引进机制建设,强化政策引导和扶持等着力培育农业新质生产力;注重因地制宜,充分发挥农业新质生产力所带来的农业劳动生产率增长效应;加强农业市场化发展,推动农业市场化水平的提升,进一步缩小城乡收入差距的政策建议。

考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型——对中国“迁移谜题”的再解释

传统二元经济模型没有考虑非农转移的异质性,因而无法解释中国“迁移谜题”。文章通过构建一个考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型,将永久性转移和非永久性转移同时纳入理论分析,对中国农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距扩大并存的现象进行再解释,并增强二元经济增长模型对中国和其他发展中国家的适用性。分析结果表明,缩小农业部门和非农部门劳均产出差距要求农业部门保持较高的劳均土地增长率,如果能够加快农村劳动力由非永久性转移演变为永久性转移,农业部门劳均土地和劳均产出的增长就有可能进一步加快,城乡收入差距也有可能进一步缩小。进一步,农村劳动力的非农转移对两部门均衡发展也会产生一定影响。在长期中,“迁移谜题”可能会因非农部门的发展和非农就业机会的增加而消失,因为农村劳动力可以逐步在城镇寻求充分就业而完成永久性转移。最后,本文提供了与农村劳动力非农转移相关的若干特征事实以及政策建议。

土地流转、农户创业和农村劳动力就近转移

推进农村劳动力就近转移能够在保障农民工群体就业、促进经济发展的基础上,有效缓解异地转移给农村带来的负面影响。为厘清土地流转对于农村劳动力就近转移的影响机制,基于2016、2018和2020年3期中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),采用Tobit模型、倾向得分匹配法(PSM)、中介效应和调节效应模型探讨土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移的影响机制,研究表明:土地流转能够显著促进农村劳动力就近转移,该结果经过数据缩尾、替换变量、筛选样本的稳健性检验和消除自选择引起的内生性偏误后依旧保持可靠;农户创业在土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移影响的过程中起到了部分中介效应,发挥了“创业带动就业”的作用;农户人情支出对土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移的作用路径起到显著正向调节作用。因此,应当健全农村土地流转制度,鼓励和扶持农户就近创新创业,正向引导农村社会关系网络并且完善农村正规市场建设。

产业集聚与城乡收入差距——基于动态空间杜宾模型的实证分析

文章基于全国31个省级面板数据,通过动态空间杜宾模型分析产业集聚对城乡收入差距的影响。研究表明:现阶段产业集聚在总体上缩小了城乡收入差距;产业集聚对城乡收入差距的影响存在空间溢出效应;城乡收入差距的变动存在空间集聚和路径依赖现象;从区域角度看,东中部、中西部和西部地区产业集聚对城乡收入差距的缩小均作用显著。基于以上结论,本文建议科学调整和优化产业结构,统筹城乡和区域产业协同发展;加大农业技术投入,推进农业产业优化升级;增加农村人力资本投入,优化农村劳动力职业转移路径。

城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移就业的困境及对策

在乡村振兴战略背景下,加快新型城镇化建设,吸引劳动力回乡就业,成为党和国家关注的重要课题。本研究探讨了城镇化推进对农村劳动力转移产生的影响,并深入分析了当前新型城镇化建设中影响劳动力转移的原因,最后从推动产业融合、开发人力资本、拓展就业渠道等方面,就做好农村劳动力就业提出了几点对策和建议。

长江经济带农业保险对城乡收入差距的影响——基于农村劳动力转移的中介效应

基于2012—2021年长江经济带省级面板数据,运用OLS模型分析农业保险对长江经济带及各区域城乡收入差距的影响,再运用分布中介效应模型分析农村劳动力转移在农业保险对城乡收入差距的影响中的中介效应。结果表明,农业保险对长江经济带总体及上游城乡收入差距有显著的缩小作用,对中有城乡收入差距有显著的扩大作用,对下游的缩小作用不显著;农业保险对城乡收入差距发挥部分中介作用,农村劳动力转移在缩小城乡收入差距中发挥部分中介作用。

农机社会化服务对城乡经济融合发展的影响研究--以长江经济带为例

基于城乡劳动力流动视角分析农机社会化服务促进城乡经济融合发展的内在逻辑,并利用长江经济带11个省市2012-2021年的面板数据,实证揭示农机社会化服务对城乡经济融合发展的影响。研究结果显示:在1%水平下农机社会化服务对城乡经济融合发展有显著的促进作用;城乡劳动力流动在农机社会化服务与城乡经济融合之间发挥中介效应;城乡劳动力流动对城乡经济融合的促进作用受到农机社会化服务的单门槛效应影响,农机社会化服务水平越高,其促进作用越强。提出推动农机社会化服务组织建设、有序引导城乡劳动力流动等相关建议。

农业绿色全要素生产率对城乡收入差距的影响——基于劳动力转移中介效应视角

基于2011-2021年省际面板数据,实证研究农业绿色全要素生产率(AGTFP)对城乡收入差距的影响,并借助中介效应模型考察劳动力转移在此过程中的中介作用。研究发现:(1)AGTFP对城乡收入差距产生先缩小后扩大的“U”形影响,其“U”形拐点值为0.786,且该影响效应逐渐减弱。异质性分析发现AGTFP对城乡收入差距的影响效应在东部不显著,而在中部、西部和东北部具有明显的“U”形影响特征,且该特征效应表现为“西部>中部>东北部”。(2)劳动力转移能够抑制城乡收入差距扩大,而AGTFP对劳动力转移具有先促进后抑制的倒“U”形影响。此外,财政支出水平、经济发展水平、社会保障支出与科技投入可能导致城乡收入差距扩大,而城镇化水平具有收敛作用。(3)AGTFP可通过劳动力转移对城乡收入差距产生先缩小后扩大的“U”形影响。为此,加强绿色科技研发、优化农业要素配置与城乡劳动力转移结构,并制定差异化农业绿色发展政策,以缩小城乡收入差距,切实有效推进共同富裕进程。

职业教育在农村剩余劳动力转移中的作用和应对策略分析

为了进一步推进乡村振兴,打造职业农民队伍,职业教育要充分发挥自身的资源优势,结合农村剩余劳动力转移群体发展需求完善教学机制,提升农村劳动力能力水平,为农业经济发展提供优质人力资源。基于此,本文通过对农村剩余劳动力转移概念进行了分析,提出了职业教育在劳动力转移中的作用和应对策略,以期为农村经济建设提供参考。