A comprehensive comparison on vibration and heat transfer of two elastic heat transfer tube bundles

Elastic heat transfer tube bundles are widely used in the field of flow-induced vibration heat transfer enhancement. Two types of mainly used tube bundles, the planar elastic tube bundle and the conical spiral tube bundle were comprehensively compared in the condition of the same shell side diameter. The natural mode characteristics, the effect of fluid-structure interaction, the stress distribution, the comprehensive heat transfer performance and the secondary fluid flow of the two elastic tube bundles were all concluded and compared. The results show that the natural frequency and the critical velocity of vibration buckling of the planar elastic tube bundle are larger than those of the conical spiral tube bundle, while the stress distribution and the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the conical spiral tube bundle are relatively better.

High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam generator

Many heat transfer tubes are distributed on the tube plates of a steam generator that requires periodic inspection by robots.Existing inspection robots are usually involved in issues:Robots with manipulators need complicated installation due to their fixed base;tube mobile robots suffer from low running efficiency because of their structural restricts.Since there are thousands of tubes to be checked,task planning is essential to guarantee the precise,orderly,and efficient inspection process.Most in-service robots check the task tubes using row-by-row and column-bycolumn planning.This leads to unnecessary inspections,resulting in a long shutdown and affecting the regular operation of a nuclear power plant.Therefore,this paper introduces the structure and control system of a dexterous robot and proposes a task planning method.This method proceeds into three steps:task allocation,base position search,and sequence planning.To allocate the task regions,this method calculates the tool work matrix and proposes a criterion to evaluate a sub-region.And then all tasks contained in the sub-region are considered globally to search the base positions.Lastly,we apply an improved ant colony algorithm for base sequence planning and determine the inspection orders according to the planned path.We validated the optimized algorithm by conducting task planning experiments using our robot on a tube sheet.The results show that the proposed method can accomplish full task coverage with few repetitive or redundant inspections and it increases the efficiency by 33.31% compared to the traditional planning algorithms.

Heat transfer and friction factor of Therminol liquid phase heat transfer fluid in a ribbed tube

Experiments and simulations on flow and heat transfer behavior of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid have been conducted in a ribbed tube with the outer diameter and inner diameter 25.0 and 20.0 mm,pitch and rib height of 4.5 and 1.0 mm.respectively.Experimental results show that the heat transfer and thermal performance of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid in the ribbed tube are considerably improved compared to those of the smooth tube.The Nusselt number increase with the increase of Reynolds number.The increase in heat transfer rate of the ribbed tube has a mean value of 2.24 times.Also,the pressure drop results reveal that the average friction factor of the ribbed tube is in a range of 2.4 and 2.8 times over the smooth tube.Numerical simulations of three-dimensional flow behavior of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid are carried out using three different turbulence models in the ribbed tube.The numerical results show that the heat transfer of ribbed tube is improved because vortices are generated behind ribs,which produce some disruptions to fluid flow and enhance heat transfer compared with smooth tube.The numerical results prove that the ribbed tube can improve heat transfer and fluid flow performances of Therminol liquid phase heat transfer fluid.

Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement on porous surface tube

The passive residual heat removal exchanger (PRHR HX),which is a key equipment of the passive residual heat removal system,is installed in an elevated pool.Its heat transfer performance affects security and economics of the reactor,and boiling heat transfer in the liquid surrounding the exchanger occurs when the liquid saturation temperature exceeded.The smooth tubes,which are widely used as heat transfer tubes in PRHR HX,can be replaced by some enhanced tubes to improve the boiling heat transfer capability.In this paper,the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of smooth tube and a machined porous surface tube are investigated by using high-pressure steam condensing inside tube as heating source.Compared with smooth tube,the porous surface tube considerably enhances the boiling heat transfer,and shortens the time significantly before reaching the liquid saturation temperature.Its boiling heat transfer coefficient increases from 68% to 75%,and the wall superheat decreases by 1.5oC.Combining effect of condensation inside tube with boiling outside tube,the axial wall temperatures of heat transfer tube are neither uniform nor linear distribution.Based on these investigations,enhance mechanism of the porous surface tube is analyzed.

An Experimental Study of Porous Surface Tubes for Enhancement of Binary Liquid Mixture Pool Boiling Heat Transfer

Experiments have been conducted on the pool boiling of binary mixtures in JK tubeswith porous surface and ribbed channels,attempting to enhace the boiling heat transfer coefficientsinvolved.The binary mixtures used in this study are R113 and R11.The results show that the boilingfi1m heat transfer coefficients for the R113 and R11 binary mixtures in JK2 and JK1 tubes are 2—8tirnes and 2—5 times greater than those in smooth tubes respectively.Based on this experimentaldata and simple theoretical analysis,a correlation has been proposed to predict the boiling heattransfer coefficients for R113/R11 mixtures in a horizontal JK tube with a relative error of less than16%.

Theoretical Research on R245fa Condensation Heat Transfer inside a Horizontal Tube

Numerical simulation on R245fa condensation inside an inner diameter of 8 mm horizontal tube is researched in this paper. The effect of variation in velocity, condensation temperature and superheat of inlet steam and variation in cooling water temperature on heat transfer coefficient are investigated as a parametric study. Condensation process of steam has been successfully modeled by applying a user defined function (UDF) added to the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package. By analyzing the corresponding condensate contours and the curves of local heat transfer coefficient, the relationships between condensation heat transfer coefficient and various parameters of R245fa inside horizontal tube are obtained. It shows that the heat transfer coefficient increases by the increase in velocity, condensation temperature and superheat of inlet steam and the decrease in cooling water temperature. The errors between the heat transfer coefficient of simulation result and model of Wang and Shah are within ±30%. The parametric study will provide the basis for designing efficient heat exchangers of R245fa.

ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER OF GLASS TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

The enhancement of convective heat transfer in a glass tube heat exchanger was researched.A simple and efficient method using spiral wire turbulence promotors in the glass tube isrecommended.A series of experiments were conducted,and thetlon have been obtained.Performance evaluations Nr the enhanced heattrans比r In this heatexchanger are su门niii ed up and discussed Based on the vlewp01nt Of止berinodynaffi1CS,止he avaHableenergy lossof the heat transfer swtern Inside the tube Is analwed to determine and evaluate the over-all趴ct oQthe enhanced heat transfer,The mechanism ofenhanced heat transfer]n the glass tubeand the Influence of turbutlvlty In the fough tube are also analysed and discussed.

Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Water Flow with Air Injection in Polyethylene Tube Placed over Metal Rods: Influence of Pitch Length and Tube Width

A polyethylene tube can be used as a heat exchanger for a low-running-cost?temperature control system. In this system, the flow of temperature-controlled?water in the tube is used as the heat source, and the tube is placed on the ceiling of a temperature-controlled space using a metal net. Owing to this structure, the tube is deformed by its weight. This deformation has a significant influence on heat transfer and flow characteristics. Therefore, an air injection method, in which air and water are injected simultaneously into the tube, is developed for preventing the deformation of the tube. In this study, bedding metal rods were used instead of a metal net. The influence of the pitch length of the metal rods (5 - 15 cm) and the width of the polyethylene tube 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm was examined experimentally. The length of the polyethylene tube was 178 cm. The air flow rate was 9.5 × 10-5 m3/s. The water flow rates were 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 mL/min. Results show that the thermal response improved because of air injection. In particular, the temperature at steady state increased, and steady state was attained approximately 1.2 - 3 times faster with air injection than without air injection. The optimum pitch length of the metal rods and the range of the optimum width of the polyethylene tube were 8 cm and 20 - 25 cm, respectively, with and without air injection.

Experimental study on convective boiling heat transfer in narrow-gap annulus tubes

Since convective boiling or highly subcooled single-phase forced convection in micro-channels is an effective cooling mechanism with a wide range of applications, more experimental and theoretical studies are re- quired to explain and verify the forced convection heat transfer phenomenon in narrow channels. In this experimental study, we model the convective boiling behavior of water with low latent heat substance Freon 113 (R-113), with the purpose of saving power consumption and visualizing experiments. Both heat transfer and pressure drop characteris- tics were measured in subcooled and saturated concentric narrow gap forced convection boiling. Data were obtained to qualitatively identify the effects of gap size, pressure, flow rate and wall superheat on boiling regimes and the tran- sition between various regimes. Some significant differences from unconfined forced convection boiling were found, and also, the flow patterns in narrow vertical annulus tubes have been studied quantitatively.

三维变形管MVR蒸发器用于纤维素生产末端废水零排放项目

蒸发器的换热性能对机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)系统投资及运行均有着重要影响。MVR蒸发器的管内传热与压降性能在基于三维变形管和直圆管的情况下存在明显差异。建立了考虑盐水浓度修正的三维变形管MVR蒸发器性能准则关联式,设计一套用于纤维素生产末端废水零排放项目的新型蒸发器。应用实践表明,相对于传统直圆管的MVR蒸发器,基于三维变形管的新型MVR蒸发器节材节能效果显著,其在节省29%换热面积的情形下仍能完全满足工程实际需要。在现场调研期间MVR系统处理每吨废水的压缩机耗电量在18.81~23.78 kW∙h之间,体现出新型蒸发器高能效的技术特性,极具应用推广价值。

变截面半圆通道内超临界二氧化碳热工水力性能研究

建立了不同半圆通道的数学和物理模型,并通过与实验数据的比较,验证了所建立模型的准确性。研究了超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_(2))在等截面半圆通道、渐扩型和渐缩型通道内的热工水力换热性能,并分析了不同通道和压力对S-CO_(2)在变截面半圆通道内的热工水力性能的影响。结果表明:相较于均匀截面半圆通道,渐扩型通道恶化传热,渐缩型通道强化传热;入口和出口半径比为1.0:0.5的渐缩型半圆通道的总体换热系数最大提升了39.93%,流动传热综合性能评价因子PEC最大为1.346;当压力越靠近临界压力或热通量较低时,传热性能越高。最后,从场协同性和湍动能分布的角度解释了渐缩型变截面通道强化传热的原因。研究结果可为S-CO_(2)循环系统冷却器的设计与优化提供新的思路和理论指导。

螺旋扭曲扁管传热流阻性能及工艺计算方法研究

螺旋扭曲扁管是一种非标换热管,成熟的热交换器计算商业软件,如HTRI、Aspen EDR等目前均尚未提供对应的计算模型,现有计算方法存在不统一、偏差大等问题。以螺旋扭曲扁管为对象,通过数值模拟计算、实验测试对其进行传热及流阻性能研究,综合利用HTRI传热计算软件,建立了一套螺旋扁管传热及流阻性能的通用化计算方法。进行了通用化计算结果、数值模拟分析数据、实验测试数据的对比,验证了通用计算方法的准确性,对螺旋扭曲扁管的工艺设计具有指导意义。

基于圆台波浪形换热管的潜热储热单元性能分析

为提高潜热储热单元(latent heat storage unit,LHSU)的储热性能,提出了三种优化换热管结构的新型LHSU,分别为圆台形换热管潜热储热单元、波浪形换热管潜热储热单元和圆台波浪形换热管潜热储热单元(frustum wavy heat transfer tube latent heat storage unit,FW-LHSU)。基于数值模拟方法,比较了传统圆柱形换热管潜热储热单元(cylindrical heat transfer tube latent heat storage unit,C-LHSU)和三种新型LHSU的储热性能。此外,针对FW-LHSU研究了换热管壁面倾斜角度对储热性能的影响。结果发现,所提出的三种新型换热管结构均能增强储热性能,其中FW-LHSU储热效果最好,与C-LHSU相比,FW-LHSU的熔化时间缩短了32.64%,储热速率密度提高了48.1%。当增加FW-LHSU的换热管壁面倾斜角度时,其储热性能可进一步提高。当换热管倾斜角度从2°增加到8°时,FW-LHSU的储热时间可缩短37.00%、储热速率密度可提高48.44%。

蒸汽发生器管板间滑动磨损行为实验和模拟研究

针对405合金支撑板与Inconel 690合金传热管间的滑动磨损行为展开了实验研究,讨论了不同载荷和循环次数对管板间磨损情况的影响,并基于磨损表面微观形貌研究了管板之间的滑动磨损机理。基于ARCHARD磨损模型与ABAQUS自适应网格技术建立了405合金支撑板与Inconel 690合金传热管之间的滑动磨损计算模型。结果表明:当传热管发生滑动磨损时,其表面的磨损机理主要包括黏着磨损和磨粒磨损;该模型能够较为准确地预测磨损面的轮廓形状以及磨损体积随载荷和循环次数的变化规律。

基于响应面法的矿用翅片管空冷器参数优化

矿用空冷器是矿井降温系统常用的末端设备,优化矿用空冷器换热性能对提升矿井降温系统能效具有重要意义。采用Fluent建立了平直翅片管矿用空冷器模型,研究了翅片间距、翅片厚度、横向管间距和纵向管间距对传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标的影响规律;采用Box-Behnken响应面法,分析了双参数协同作用下传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标变化规律。结果表明:随着翅片间距、横向管间距的减小,以及翅片厚度增加,传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标逐渐增加;综合性能评价指标则随纵向管间距的增加而先增加后降低;横向管间距、翅片厚度是影响空冷器传热及流动性能最显著的两个参数,而翅片间距、纵向管间距的影响最小;得到了平直翅片管矿用空冷器的最优参数,传热因子提升16.3%、阻力因子增加26.3%、综合性能评价指标提升8.3%。研究结果可为矿用翅片空冷器设计参数优化提供指导。

基于p阶线性模型的地埋管换热器流体温度分布研究

利用自主研发的分层热响应测试系统,获取沿深度方向上(竖向)管内流体温度实测数据,对比p阶线性分布模型计算结果和实测数据,研究两种典型工况条件下分层岩土介质中管内流体竖向分布规律和最佳p值。结果表明:恒热流工况时,p=-5阶线性分布模型能够准确预测管内流体温度分布;恒温工况时,最佳p值随流量的变化而变化,其关系为:|p|=7.361ln V+6.684。

In-Situ Preparation and Thermal Shock Resistance of Mullite-Cordierite Heat Tube Material for Solar Thermal Power

In order to improve the thermal shock resistance of solar thermal heat transfer tube material, the mullite-cordierite composite ceramic as solar thermal heat transfer tube material were fabricated by pressureless sintering using a-Al203, Suzhou kaolin, talc, and feldspar as starting materials. The important parameter for solar thermal transfer tube such as water absorption （W）, bulk density （Db）, and the mechanical properties were investigated. The phase composition and microstructure of the composite ceramics were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that the B3 sintered at 1 300 ℃ and holding for 3 h has an optimum thermal shock resistance. The bending strength loss rate of B3 is only 2% at 1 100℃ by air quenching-strength test and the sample can endure 30 times thermal shock cycling, and the water absorption, the bulk density and the bending strength are 0.32%, 2.58 g·cm-3, and 125.59 MPa respectively. The XRD analysis indicated that the phase compositions of the sample were mullite, cordierite, corundum, and spinel. The SEM images illustrate that the cordierite is prismatic grain and the mullite is nano rod, showing a good thermal shock resistance for composite ceramics as potential solar thermal power material.

Bio-VOC^(TM)呼吸采样器样品转移流程评价及优化

人体呼出气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)分析已应用于环境暴露评估和疾病诊断等领域,其中肺泡气可以排除来自周围环境以及口腔和鼻腔内死腔气体的干扰,准确反映暴露及内源性代谢物水平。对采集肺泡气的Bio-VOC^(TM)呼吸采样器转移样品至吸附管的常规操作流程进行评价及优化。使用Bio-VOC^(TM)呼吸采样器采集含有丙酮、异戊二烯、乙醇、正丁醇、正己烷和正庚烷6种VOCs的呼出气模拟样品,比较不同方式转移至吸附管对模拟样品转移效率的影响,采用热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法(TD-GC-MS)对吸附管中样品进行分析,并将优化转移方式应用于实际人群呼出气样品分析。结果表明:按照Bio-VOC^(TM)呼吸采样器常规转移方式,模拟样品中6种VOCs的转移效率均低于50%且不稳定;降低转移流量后,转移效率有所提高,进一步优化后转移效率可达90.0%—101.0%,相对标准偏差均小于5%。转移方式优化后,检测到的人体呼出气样品中3种VOCs的峰面积响应值显著提高(P<0.01)。优化方式提高了使用Bio-VOC^(TM)呼吸采样器采集肺泡气进行VOCs分析的准确性和可靠性,为肺泡气采集方法的标准化提供了科学依据。

射流管插入深度对螺旋通道传热性能的影响

为了揭示射流管插入深度对螺旋通道传热性能的影响规律,采用数值模拟方法对不同相对插入深度(δ=0~0.625)下通道内流场特性和强化换热特性进行了分析。结果表明:随着δ的增大,射流核心区到达外壁面的距离变短,在射流入射位置处射流管两侧的二次涡范围扩大,流体对上下壁面的冲击作用增强;上、下传热壁面的局部努赛尔数Nu_(c)随着δ的变化规律基本相同,最佳传热位置(Nu_(c)最大的位置)随着δ的增大向外壁面靠拢;内壁面的Nu_(c)在射流管壁内侧范围随着δ的增大而减小,在外侧范围随着δ的增大而增大;射流管插入深度增加对螺旋通道外壁面传热性能提高的效果最为明显;截面努赛尔数Nu_(θ)随着螺旋角度γ的增大呈现3个变化区域,即入口区域、射流影响区域和出口区域,其中入口区域和出口区域的Nu_(θ)随着γ的变化保持稳定,但出口区域的Nu_(θ)比入口区域高19%左右,Nu_(θ)最大值位于射流入射点下游5°左右的位置;在螺旋角度γ=-15°~45°的范围内射流对传热的影响最大,传热的影响范围基本与射流管的插入深度无关;综合换热评价指标(PEC)随着δ的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化规律,δ=0.250是螺旋通道最佳的综合传热性能结构参数。

R410A水平三维强化管蒸发换热实验

针对传热管内蒸发换热特性,开展了R410A在铜及不锈钢光管和涟漪纹管管内换热特性的实验研究,分析了部分流型对管内蒸发的换热机理。实验工况:饱和温度为6℃,制冷剂质量流速为100~200 kg·(m^(2)·s)^(-1),干度范围0.1~0.9。验证了光滑管内的流型,结果与Wojtan流型图的预测具有较好的一致性。实验结果表明:蒸发换热系数随质量流速增加而增加。换热系数与流型相关。压降主要取决于质量流速和干度。与光滑管相比较,传热强化率为1.27~1.96,沸腾压降增加了11%~36%。