Inhibition of long non-coding RNA TUG1 on gastric cancer cell transference and invasion through regulating and controlling the expression of miR-144/c-Met axis

Objective: To discuss the expression of long noncoding RNA TUG1(lnc RNA-TUG1) in gastric carcinoma(GC) and its effects on the transferring and invading capacity of gastric carcinoma cells. Methods: Forty cases of carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue were selected from GC patients who underwent surgical removal in Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Wenzhou Central Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2014; the expressing level of lnc RNA-TUG1 in GC and para-C tissues was detected by applying the q RT-PCR technique. The correlation between lnc RNA-TUG1 expression and patients' clinical data was classified and analyzed. SGC-7901 cells were transfected using lnc RNA-TUG1 specific si RNA. Changes of the transferring and invading capacity of si RNAtransfected SGC-7901 cells were scratch-tested and transwell-detected. q RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression level of micro RNA-144 after lnc RNA-TUG1 was silenced. Changes of c-Met m RNA and protein expressions was detected by q RT-PCR and western-blot test. Results: The expression level of lnc RNA-TUG1 in GC tissue was significant higher than that in para-C tissue(P<0.05) and the high expression level of lnc RNA-TUG1 in GC tissue was significantly correlated with tumor lymph nodes metastasis and advance TNM phasing(P<0.05). The transferring and invading capacity of SGC-7901 cells was highly inhibited after being transfected by lnc RNA-TUG1 specific si RNA(P<0.05). The results of q RT-PCR and western-blot proved that the expression of micro RNA-144 was significantly boosted and the expression level of c-Met m RNA and protein was inhibited after lnc RNA-TUG1 was silenced(P<0.05). Conclusions: lnc RNA-TUG1 shows an up-regulated expression in GC tissue and that bears a correlation with clinicopathological features of malignant tumor. lnc RNATUG1 can promote the transferring and invading capacity of GC by inhibiting the pathway of micro RNA-144/c-Met.

Slurry-like hybrid electrolyte with high lithium-ion transference number for dendrite-free lithium metal anode

Lithium metal anode is regarded as the ultimate choice for next-generation energy storage systems,due to the lowest negative electrochemical potential and super high theoretical specific capacity.However,the growth of lithium dendrite during the cycling process is still one of the most critical bottlenecks for its application.In this work,a slurry-like hybrid electrolyte is proposed towards the application for lithium metal anode,which is composed of a liquid electrolyte part and a nanometric silane-Al2O3 particle part.The hybrid electrolyte shows high ionic conductivity(3.89×10-3 S cm-1 at 25℃)and lithium-ion transference number(0.88).Especially,the resistance of hybrid electrolyte decreases compared to that of liquid electrolyte,while the viscosity of hybrid electrolyte increases.It is demonstrated that the hybrid electrolyte can effectively suppress the growth of lithium dendrite.Stable cycling of Li/Li cells at a current density up to 1 mA cm-2 is possible.The hybrid electrolyte helps to uniform the lithium ion flux inside the battery and partly comes from the formation of a rigid and highly conductive hybrid interfacial layer on the surface of lithium metal.This work not only provides a fresh way to stabilize lithium metal anode but also sheds light on further research for electrolyte optimization and design of lithium metal battery system.

The Transference Number

The performance of rechargeable batteries and other electrochemical systems depends on the rate at which the working ion(often a cation)is transported from one electrode to the other.The cation transference number is an important transport parameter that affects this rate.The purpose of this perspective is to distinguish between approximate and rigorous methods used in the literature to measure the transference number.We emphasize the fact that this parameter is dependent on the reference frame used in the analysis;care must be taken when comparing values obtained from different sources to account for differences in reference frames.We present data obtained from a well-characterized electrolyte.We compare rigorously determined transference numbers in two reference frames with values obtained by an approximate method.We conclude with a qualitative discussion of the relationship between the transference number and salt concentration gradients that are obtained when current is drawn through a battery。

STUDIES ON STRESS TRANSFERENCE MECHANISM OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

The stress transfer mechanism of steel fibre reinforced concrete is studied. The solutions for the stress and displacement were regarded as the superposition of ' the elementary solutions' and ' the improved solutions'. The elementary solutions were found by using two-dimensional elastic theory and the improved solutions were found by using the Love displacement function method. The calculated results indicate that the solutions possess good convergence. By comparing the three-dimensional solutions with the shear-lag solutions, evident difference may be found.

Diagenetic and Catagenetic Transference of Noble Metal Elements in Lower Cambrian Black Rock Series, Southwest China

Some extraditional types—black rock series types of platinum group element (PGE), gold and silver mineralization occurrences were found in the Lower Cambrian in Guizhou and Hunan provinces of southwest China where PGE concentration reaches more than 800×10 -6. Sea floor hydrothermal fluid eruption was suggested to have been the main origin of the ore-forming materials. The whole process from the sedimentation to the redistribution of the ore-forming elements occurred on the conditions of intermediate to weak alkaline, weak reduction to weak oxidation. The temperature for the sedimentation and redistribution of the ore-forming elements was lower than 210 ℃. At such a low temperature, inert elements such as PGE, Au and Ag could quite easily be remobilized.

TRANSFERENCE AND ACCUMULATIVE PECULIARITY OF ENRICHED URANIUM IN ORGANISM

Studies show that 235UO2F2 was chiefly localized in kidneys, then in skeleton and liver. Its radioactivity in skeleton rose steadily while the concentration in kidneys and liver droped. 235UO2F2 was difficult to pass through the blood- testes barrier. With 1 to 6 h contact period, only 1.4-1.6 % 235UO2F2 was found in the intact skin, but 41-54 % in the abrasive skin. The dynamic retention of 235UO2F2 through intact or abrasive skins was also dominantly localized in kidneys, skeleton and liver. Accumulation of insoluble 235U3O8 in gastrointestinal tract was well described by a double- exponential- term expression. Values of retention were estimated for fast component T1= 0.34 d, and for relatively long term component T2= 4.05 d.

Transference Principles for the Series of Semigroups with a Theorem of Peller

A general approach to transference principles for discrete and continuous sequence of operators (semi) groups is described. This allows one to recover the classical transference results of Calderon, Coifman and Weiss and of Berkson, Gilleppie and Muhly and the more recent one of the author. The method is applied to derive a new transference principle for (discrete and continuous) the sequence of operators semigroups that need not be grouped. As an application, functional calculus estimates for bounded sequence of operators with at most polynomially growing powers are derived, leading to a new proof of classical results by Peller from 1982. The method allows for a generalization of his results away from Hilbert spaces to -spaces and—involving the concept of γ-boundedness—to general spaces. Analogous results for strongly-continuous one-parameter (semi) groups are presented as well by Markus Haase [1]. Finally, an application is given to singular integrals for one-parameter semigroups.

Transference Kinetics of Radionuclide ⁹⁵Nb in the Aquatic Ecosystem

The dynamics of transportation, accumulation, diminishment and distribution of 95Nb in a simulated aquatic ecosystem was studied using the isotope-tracer technique, and a fitting equation was established by application of a closed, five-compartment model. The results showed that when 95Nb was introduced into an aquatic system, it was transported and transformed via deposition in combination with other ions, and adsorption and absorption by aquatic organisms, resulting in redistribution and accumulation in different parts of the organisms. Following addition, the spe- cific activity of 95Nb in water decreased sharply within a short time, and then after reaching a certain value, it decreased more slowly. Sediment accumulated large amounts of 95Nb through the exchange of ions. Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) also adsorbed a large amount of 95Nb in a short period of time. Snails (Bellamya purificata) and fish (Carassius auratus) were found to have a poor adsorption capacity of 95Nb. The amount of 95Nb found in the snail flesh was greater than that in the shell, and the 95Nb found in the fish was mainly distributed in the viscera. The amount of 95Nb in each individual component of the experimental system was affected over time.

A highly ionic transference number eutectogel hybrid electrolytes based on spontaneous coupling inhibitor for solid-state lithium metal batteries

Polymer-based solid electrolytes have been extensively studied for solid-state lithium metal batteries to achieve high energy density and reliable security.But,its practical application is severely limited by low ionic conductivity and slow Li+transference.Herein,based on the“binary electrolytes”of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-CTFE))and lithium salt(LiTFSI),a kind of eutectogel hybrid electrolytes(EHEs)with high Li+transference number was developed via tuning the spontaneous coupling of charge and vacated space generated by Li-cation diffusion utilizing the Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12(LLZTO)dopant.LLZTO doping promotes the dissociation of lithium salt,increases Li+carrier density,and boosts ion jumping and the coordination/decoupling reactions of Li+.As a result,the optimized EHEs-10%possess a high Li-transference number of 0.86 and a high Li+conductivity of 3.2×10–4 S·cm–1 at room temperature.Moreover,the prepared EHEs-10%composite solid electrolyte presents excellent lithiumphilic and compatibility,and can be tested stably for 1,200 h at 0.3 mA·cm–2 with assembled lithium symmetric batteries.Likewise,the EHEs-10%films match well with high-loading LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 cathodes(>10 mg·cm–2)and exhibit remarkable interface stability.Particularly,the LiFePO4//EHEs-10%//Li and LiCoO2//EHEs-10%//Li cells deliver high rate performance of 118 mAh·g–1 at 1 C and 93.7 mAh·g–1 at 2 C with coulombic efficiency of 99.3%and 98.1%,respectively.This work provides an in-depth understanding and new insights into our design for polymer electrolytes with fast Li+diffusion.

Strategies to enhance Li^(+) transference number in liquid electrolytes for better lithium batteries

Growing market demand from portable electronics to electric automobiles boosts the development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy density and rate performance.However,strong solvation effect between lithium ions(Li^(+))and solvent molecules in common electrolytes limits the mobility of Li^(+)ions in electrolytes.Consequently,anions dominate the charge conduction in electrolytes,and in most cases,the value of Li^(+)transference number(T_(+))is between 0.2 and 0.4.A low T_(+)will aggravate concentration polarization in the process of charging and discharging,especially at high rate,which not only increases the overpotential but also intensifies side reactions,along with uneven deposition of lithium(Li)and the growth of lithium dendrites when lithium metal is used as anode.In this review,promising strategies to improve T_(+)in liquid electrolytes would be summarized.The migration of Li^(+)ions is affected directly by the types and concentration of lithium salts,solvents,and additives in bulk electrolytes.Besides,Li^(+)ions will pass through the separator and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)when transferring between anodes and cathodes.With this in mind,we will classify and summarize threads of enhancing T_(+)from five aspects:lithium salts,solvents,additives,separators,and SEI based on different mechanisms,including covalently bonding,desolvation effect,Lewis acid-base interaction,electrostatic interaction,pore sieving,and supramolecular interaction.We believe this review will present a systematic understanding and summary on T_(+)and point out some feasible threads to enhance battery performance by enhancing T_(+).

Hydrogen-bonded organic framework modified separator for simultaneously enhancing the safety and electrochemical performance of Ni-rich lithium-ion battery

Nickel-rich layered oxide cathode(LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1−x−y)O_(2),x>0.5,NCM)shows substantial potential for applications in longer-range electrical vehicles.However,the rapid capacity decay and serious safety concerns impede its practical viability.This work provides a hydrogen-bonded organic framework(HOF)modification strategy to simultaneously improve the electrochemical performance,thermal stability and incombustibility of separator.Melamine cyanurate(MCA),as a low-cost and reliable flame-retardant HOF,was implemented in the separator modification layer,which can prevent the battery short circuit even at a high temperature.In addition,the supermolecule properties of MCA provide unique physical and chemical microenvironment for regulating ion-transport behavior in electrolyte.The MCA coating layer enabled the nickel-rich layered oxide cathode with a high-capacity retention of 90.3%after 300 cycles at 1.0 C.Collectively,the usage of MCA in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)affords a simple,low-cost and efficient strategy to improve the security and service life of nickel-rich layered cathodes.

Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing techniques.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instruments.While earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space plasma.To investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator model.The simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic field.We first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial views.We then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the magnetopause.Our results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray images.For instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this region.Likewise,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath associated with mirror-mode structures can result in an enhancement in the soft X-ray signal by 4%.These are likely conservative estimates,given that the solar wind conditions used in the Vlasiator run can be expected to generate weaker soft X-ray emissions than the more common denser solar wind.These results will contribute to the preparatory work for the SMILE and LEXI missions by providing the community with quantitative estimates of the effects of small-scale,transient phenomena occurring on the dayside.

A single micro-LED manipulation system based on micro-gripper

Micro-LEDs(μLEDs)have advantages in terms of brightness,power consumption,and response speed.In addition,they can also be used as micro-sensors implanted in the body via flexible electronic skin.One of the key techniques involved in the fabrication ofμLED-based devices is transfer printing.Although numerous methods have been proposed for transfer printing,improving the yield ofμLED arrays is still a formidable task.In this paper,we propose a novel method for improving the yield ofμLED arrays transferred by the stamping method,using an innovative design of piezoelectrically driven asymmetric micro-gripper.Traditional grippers are too large to manipulateμLEDs,and therefore two micro-sized cantilevers are added at the gripper tips.AμLED manipulation system is constructed based on the micro-gripper together with a three-dimensional positioning system.Experimental results using this system show that it can be used successfully to manipulateμLED arrays.

Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe disorders.Mitochondrial replacement therapies,including spindle,polar body,and pronuclear transfers,are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA diseases.While pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos,its application in non-human primates has not been previously reported.In this study,we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)via female pronuclear transfer.These individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover(3.8%–6.7%),as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during development.The successful establishment of this nonhuman primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.

Effect of bubble morphology and behavior on power consumption in non-Newtonian fluids’aeration process

Due to a prolonged operation time and low mass transfer efficiency, the primary challenge in the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids is the high energy consumption, which is closely related to the form and rate of impeller, ventilation, rheological properties and bubble morphology in the reactor. In this perspective, through optimal computational fluid dynamics models and experiments, the relationship between power consumption, volumetric mass transfer rate(kLa) and initial bubble size(d0) was constructed to establish an efficient operation mode for the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids. It was found that reducing the d0could significantly increase the oxygen mass transfer rate, resulting in an obvious decrease in the ventilation volume and impeller speed. When d0was regulated within 2-5 mm,an optimal kLa could be achieved, and 21% of power consumption could be saved, compared to the case of bubbles with a diameter of 10 mm.

The regulation of ferrocene-based catalysts on heat transfer in highpressure combustion of ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/aluminum composite propellants

The regulation of the burning rate pressure exponent for the ammonium perchlorate/hydroxylterminated polybutadiene/aluminum(AP/HTPB/Al)composite propellants under high pressures is a crucial step for its application in high-pressure solid rocket motors.In this work,the combustion characteristics of AP/HTPB/Al composite propellants containing ferrocene-based catalysts were investigated,including the burning rate,thermal behavior,the local heat transfer,and temperature profile in the range of 7-28 MPa.The results showed that the exponent breaks were still observed in the propellants after the addition of positive catalysts(Ce-Fc-MOF),the burning rate inhibitor((Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium bromide,Fc Br)and the mixture of Fc Br/catocene(GFP).However,the characteristic pressure has increased,and the exponent decreased from 1.14 to 0.66,0.55,and 0.48 when the addition of Ce-FcMOF,Fc Br and Fc Br/GFP in the propellants.In addition,the temperature in the first decomposition stage was increased by 7.50℃ and 11.40℃ for the AP/Fc Br mixture and the AP/Fc Br/GFP mixture,respectively,compared to the pure AP.On the other hand,the temperature in the second decomposition stage decreased by 48.30℃ and 81.70℃ for AP/Fc Br and AP/Fc Br/GFP mixtures,respectively.It was also found that Fc Br might generate ammonia to cover the AP surface.In this case,a reaction between the methyl in Fc Br and perchloric acid caused more ammonia to appear at the AP surface,resulting in the suppression of ammonia desorption.In addition,the coarse AP particles on the quenched surface were of a concave shape relative to the binder matrix under low and high pressures when the catalysts were added.In the process,the decline at the AP/HTPB interface was only exhibited in the propellant with the addition of Ce-Fc-MOF.The ratio of the gas-phase temperature gradient of the propellants containing catalysts was reduced significantly below and above the characteristic pressure,rather than 3.6 times of the difference in the blank propellant.Overall,the obtained results demonstrated that the pressure exponent could be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the propellant local heat and mass transfer under high and low pressures.

Decade Milestone Advancement of Defect-Engineered g-C_(3)N_(4) for Solar Catalytic Applications

Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C_(3)N_(4) is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the “all-in-one” defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultraactive coordinated environment(M–N_(x), M–C_(2)N_(2), M–O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra(fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C_(3)N_(4) “customization”, motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C_(3)N_(4)-based photocatalysis.

A particle-resolved heat-particle-fluid coupling model by DEM-IMB-LBM

Multifield coupling is frequently encountered and also an active area of research in geotechnical engineering.In this work,a particle-resolved direct numerical simulation(PR-DNS)technique is extended to simulate particle-fluid interaction problems involving heat transfer at the grain level.In this extended technique,an immersed moving boundary(IMB)scheme is used to couple the discrete element method(DEM)and lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),while a recently proposed Dirichlet-type thermal boundary condition is also adapted to account for heat transfer between fluid phase and solid particles.The resulting DEM-IBM-LBM model is robust to simulate moving curved boundaries with constant temperature in thermal flows.To facilitate the understanding and implementation of this coupled model for non-isothermal problems,a complete list is given for the conversion of relevant physical variables to lattice units.Then,benchmark tests,including a single-particle sedimentation and a two-particle drafting-kissing-tumbling(DKT)simulation with heat transfer,are carried out to validate the accuracy of our coupled technique.To further investigate the role of heat transfer in particle-laden flows,two multiple-particle problems with heat transfer are performed.Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed coupling model is a promising high-resolution approach for simulating the heat-particle-fluid coupling at the grain level.

Chloride transference during electrochemical chloride extraction process

Chemical titration method and lab-made chloride probes were jointly adopted to investigate the effects of water-to-cement (W/C) ratio and the impressed current density on chloride transport for cement-based materials during electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) process.The dissolution of bound chlorides and the effect of current density on dissolution were analyzed.The variations of chloride concentration at different depths and the chloride transference process were monitored.Test results show that W/C ratios adopted have slight influence on chloride extraction,while chloride extraction efficiency is mainly determined by the impressed current density.During ECE process a portion of bound chloride ions dissolved and the amount of bound chlorides released is directly proportional to current density.

大传输距离下电动汽车无线充电系统优化

针对无线充电系统原边线圈嵌入路面结构后耦合线圈之间的距离增大、耦合程度减弱的问题,对线圈结构进行优化,以实现大传输距离下无线电能的传输。通过电磁有限元仿真对线圈的内径、外径和匝数进行优化,提出以耦合系数为优化目标的线圈结构参数优化流程,同时,在Simulink中搭建无线充电系统的电路仿真平台,对采用优化后线圈结构的无线充电系统性能进行测试。结果表明:随着线圈内径增大,耦合系数先增大,达到峰值后迅速减小;随着线圈外径增大,耦合系数逐渐增大;在不同外径下,线圈的最优匝数均为9匝;3个参数中,增大外径是提高线圈耦合程度最有效的方式;最终优化后线圈的参数为外径480 mm、内径210 mm、匝数9匝,可以实现300 mm距离的电能传输,系统输出功率保持在2.96~3.70 kW,传输效率达到86.54%,横向容许偏移距离可达60 mm。