Study on Value Chain of Telecom VAS under Transformation Background

Driven by both technology and market, telecom industry is becoming a part of several converged industries in information society gradually from an independent industry which provides telecom products like voice or data. Under such background, this paper introduces a new value chain model of telecom value-added ser-vices in the new environment, providing theoretic support for transformation of telecom operators.

Evaluation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Peroxisomal Diseases with Abnormal Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are accumulated in cells and blood in patients with peroxisomal diseases, such as adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and Zellwger Syndrome (ZS). The purpose of this study is to investigate usefulness of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflection (ATR) analysis method for clinical diagnosis of those diseases, thereby we measured the infrared spectra of the sera of patients and healthy controls. Correlation coefficients between 2nd derivative FTIR spectra of the serum samples and the VLCFA content ratio which is used as a clinical parameter to date were comprehensively calculated to investigate which wavenumber showed high correlation with the VLCFA ratio. Multiple regression analysis using the serum FTIR spectra showed that high correlations were observed with VLCFA ratios (C26:0/C22:0 ratio), and we could construct a suitable regression model (R2 = 0.97, p ﹣19). In addition, the model system using various VLCFAs in newborn bovine serum also showed that several FTIR peaks in 800 ~ 900 cm﹣1 region were found to have good correlation with VLCFA ratios. Our results support that FTIR analysis is useful for diagnosis of peroxisomal diseases.

基于EEMD与Markov Chain的雷暴日动态与趋势预测——以盐城地区为例

以盐城地区为例,通过滑动t突变检验、EEMD(集合经验模态分解,Ensemble Empirical Mode Decompositon)以及Markov Chain(马尔科夫链)统计模型,对盐城地区54 a年雷暴日数据进行动态与趋势预测研究,并对周期研究结果进行显著性和误差检验,结果表明:盐城地区54 a年雷暴日呈现减少的趋势,突变年为1966年,其54 a年雷暴日序列可以分解成4个IMF(Intrinsic Mode Function)分量和1个趋势分量。主要存在0~0.05、0.45~0.50 Hz两个频率区间,相应的其周期为2.22 a年际周期和27 a年代际周期(可信度均超过95%)。EEMD重构雷暴日数据与原始数据的误差百分比处于±0.8%范围内,其马尔科夫链长周期预测显示未来年雷暴日处于25~35 d之间的概率为45%,大于35 d的概率为32%。

Concentrated Fluoride-medium Route to Synthesis of One-dimensional Fluoroaluminophosphate Chain (C_4H_(15)N_3)[AlPO_4F_2]

A new one-dimensional（ID） fluoroaluminophosphate chain（C4H15N3）[AlPO4F2]（denoted AIPO-CJ28） was synthesized in the concentrated fluoride synthetic medium with a gel composition of 1.0Al（OPr^1）a：1.0H3PO4： 5.4DETA：1.3HF：2.0H2O（DETA=diethylenetriamine）. The reagents were mixed directly without introducing additional water solvent. The 1D chain is constructed by alternating AlO2F2 arid doubly bridging PO4 tetrahedra to form the simplest serrate chain. AIPO-CJ28 can be transformed to another 1D aluminophosphate chain A1PO-CSC upon further crystallization at 230 ℃.

数字化转型与企业国际化绩效研究——基于供应链能力的中介作用

本文借助Python爬虫技术刻画上市公司数字化转型强度,利用2012—2021年A股上市公司和国泰安数据库相关匹配数据,从理论和实证两个方面探讨数字化转型对企业国际化绩效的影响及其作用机理。研究结果表明,数字化转型对企业国际化绩效具有显著的促进作用且通过一系列内生性和稳健性检验,供应链能力在其中发挥了中介效应。进一步分析发现,数字化转型对企业国际化绩效的提升效果在非国有企业、技术和资本密集型行业、发达国家或地区更明显。这一结论对促进企业实现数字化转型、提升国际化绩效、增强国际竞争力具有重要的现实意义。

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Cultured Normal Human Lens Epithelia Cells

Summary: In order to investigate whether cultured normal human lens epithelial cells (LEC) express transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical methods were used for detection of TGF-β mRNA and protein in cultured normal human LEC. The results showed that a single RT-PCR amplified product about 310bp was obtained, and the sequence was homologous to the known sequence. TGF-β immunostain was positive in the plasma of LEC. It was suggested that normal human LEC could produce TGF-β, and LEC could be affected by TGF-β through autocrine action.

Strategic Agricultural Commodity Value Chains in Africa for Increased Food: The Regional Approach for Food Security

The challenge Africa faces the most is how to feed the 2.4 billion people in 2050. This will require a transformational agriculture. Africa doesn’t need subsistence agriculture, but rather agriculture linked to the market where market demand and the consuming habits are taken in consideration. Agriculture evolves in an environment where small holders are linked to markets (national and regional), where economies of complementarity and economies of scale are taken advantage of by producers and private sector. In short, Africa will need a paradigm shift to industrialise and commercialise its agriculture sector in order to increase food production, and income and to create jobs in and outside the sector. Africa needs agribusiness and agro-industries to domesticate the benefits of the sector, to create wealth in the sector and retain that wealth in the continent. Agricultural commodities regional value chains for increased food should be the target for Africa. The continent remains the region with the highest prevalence of under-nourishment. Since agriculture remains the mainstay of most African economies except the mineral producers, the sector deserves a close attention from leaders. It accounts for 65% of employment and 40% of Africa’s export earnings and accounts for 17% of the GDP. This shows how important the sector is. Agriculture needs to be seen as a conduit for farmers to get connected to markets, a conduit for revenue, for jobs and for transformation. Africa needs to come back on the international scene as food sufficient continent and even food exporter. This can be achieved only with a stable, productive agricultural resource base. Thus, achieving and sustaining food security and economic prosperity in Africa will require significant efforts to modernize the continent’s agriculture sector through injection of agribusiness and agro-industries and through the application of science and technology in agriculture. In essence, agriculture needs to be viewed as knowledge based entrepreneurial activity. Smart investments in agriculture will have multiplier effects for the whole economy and hence induce prosperity to other sectors. In recent years, a renewed focus on agriculture has been evident in policy and development agendas across the African continent. This paper outlines the status of agriculture, agribusiness and agro-industries in Africa, their role in the agenda of agricultural transformation and economic transformation and the focus on regional value chain to increase food production, transformation and trade. The paper adopts a new thinking in agriculture, which reflects a regional value chain approach. The author covers such issues as: need for agricultural transformation, the role of value chain in agricultural sector, the need for regional value chain for increased income and increased food, the role of markets and the common denominator of all, the regional integration to push forward the African agriculture agenda. Evidence shows that it is agricultural growth, through its leverage effects on the rest of the economy that typically enables poor countries, poor regions and ultimately poor households to take the first steps toward economic transformation. Therefore agricultural productivity, at the small holder’s level, has the potential to lift millions of Africa’s vulnerable out of poverty and provide sustainable jobs. Other factors, namely “the rapid urbanization” and “increased population growth”, are quoted to be of critical importance. Africa population is projected to double, attaining the 2.3 billion people mark over the next 40 years representing half of the globe’s total population. This could trigger competition for resources and can have devastating effects on natural resources if not rightly channelled.

数实融合背景下平台经济优化乡村产业链的机制

促进数实融合是顺应经济高质量发展新趋势、发掘经济增长新动能的战略选择。数实融合以平台为中枢,有效整合技术与数据并在不同场景应用,实现价值增值。由平台发展衍生而来的平台经济,已经成为数字经济时代主要的经济组织形态和市场运行模式,具有典型的网络效应、普惠效应、创新效应、价值创造效应,通过提质、增效、扩容为传统产业转型升级构筑新动能。当前,我国乡村产业链面临现代生产要素缺失、产业创新驱动不足、产业链条过短、产业协同能力不足、产业链数字化综合运营能力有待提升等问题。平台经济基于自身特性,能够通过优化乡村产业链要素投入结构、打造纵向延伸与横向拓展的双向一体化,助力乡村产业链全链路数字化升级,实现对乡村产业链的补链、延链、强链作用。促进平台经济与乡村产业链深度融合、释放新发展动能是一项系统工程,需要政府、平台企业、社会多方协同,围绕乡村产业链,部署创新链,提升价值链,推动产业主体、产业结构与产业模式同步创新,以乡村产业链升级助力现代农业农村经济体系构建。

Genetic transformation of loblolly pine using mature zygotic embryo explants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying pBI121 plasmid was used to transform mature zygotic embryos of three genotypes (E-Hb, E-Ma, and E-Mc) of loblolly pine. The results demonstrated that the expression frequency of (-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) varied among genotypes after mature zygotic embryos were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures. The highest frequency (27.8%) of GUS expressing embryos was obtained from genotype E-Mc with mean number of 21.9 blue GUS spots per embryo. Expression of (-glucuronidase reporter gene was observed on cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles of transformed mature zygotic embryos, as well as on organogenic callus and regenerated shoots derived from co-cultivated mature zygotic embryos. Nineteen regenerated transgenic plants were obtained from GUS expression and kanamycin resistant calli. The presence and integration of the GUS gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. These results suggested that an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into loblolly pine has been developed and that this transformation system could be useful for the future studies on transferring economically important genes to loblolly pine.

企业数字化转型与供应链韧性

数字化转型正逐渐成为驱动供应链转型升级的新引擎,如何利用数字化转型提高供应链韧性是当前亟需研究的现实问题,但尚未有文献对此提供直接的经验证据。文章在构建供应链韧性指标基础上,基于2007—2022年A股上市企业面板数据,检验了企业数字化转型对供应链韧性的影响及其传导机制。研究结果表明,企业数字化转型可以显著促进供应链韧性提升。解构供应链韧性后发现,企业数字化转型可以提高供应链抵抗力和供应链恢复力,且对供应链恢复力的影响更显著。从传导机制看,企业数字化转型通过推动供应链多元化配置和优化供需匹配两个渠道促进供应链韧性提升。异质性分析表明,对于环境不确定性高、内部控制水平低企业,以及位于产业链下游和市场化水平低地区,企业数字化转型对供应链韧性的助推作用更加显著。进一步研究发现,数字化转型促进供应链韧性提升并未造成企业经济绩效损失,而是持续推动企业经济表现;“链主”企业和供应链政策在数字化转型提高供应链韧性过程中发挥一定的正向激励作用。文章不仅为系统理解企业数字化转型与供应链韧性的关系提供了新的分析视角,也为打造数字供应链和畅通国民经济循环提供了政策启示。

数字化转型能够提升产业链韧性吗?

数字经济时代,通过数字化转型提升产业链韧性,是推动制造业高质量发展、增强制造业国际竞争力的重要举措,也是保障国家产业安全的重要路径。本文分析数字化转型不同阶段对产业链韧性的差异化作用机制,从要素市场化和降低交易成本两大视角探讨如何提升产业链韧性。在理论分析的基础上,基于驱动力、压力、状态、响应(DPSR)模型构建产业链韧性测度指标体系,并采用2002—2020年中国制造业行业面板数据和企业微观数据测度产业链韧性,实证检验数字化转型对提升产业链韧性的影响机制和路径。研究发现,数字化转型整体上能够提升产业链韧性,二者之间呈现非线性的马鞍型关系;要素市场化程度在数字化转型与产业链韧性提升中起到正向调节作用;数字化转型可以通过影响市场渠道性交易成本和融资性交易成本对产业链韧性发挥作用,而监督性交易成本暂无作用。数字化转型与产业链韧性之间的马鞍型关系在不同要素密集度的产业链和产业链韧性不同维度均表现出异质性。加快数字基础设施建设、推动制造业数字化转型,能够提高要素市场化程度、降低交易成本,进而提升产业链韧性和现代化水平。

数字化转型、创新发展与制造业价值链高质量发展

创新驱动发展战略背景下,企业数字化转型对制造业价值链高质量发展具有重要意义。采用2007—2021年沪深A股制造业上市企业数据,从价值链上游度即“强链”和价值链长度即“延链”双重视角,探析企业数字化转型对制造业价值链高质量发展的影响效果、作用机制与异质性特征。研究结果表明:企业数字化转型从“强链”和“延链”两方面推动了制造业价值链高质量发展,且该结论通过了稳健性检验。作用机制检验表明,企业创新发展在此过程中具有显著的正向传导作用。异质性分析表明,在非国有制企业、技术密集型行业、劳动密集型行业和创新引领型城市,企业数字化转型通过“强链”和“延链”推动制造业价值链高质量发展的效果更为显著。为此,在城市层面应健全数字化转型治理体系,在行业层面应加快“新基建”建设进程,促进数字化均衡发展,在企业层面应鼓励以强带弱、协同发展,为企业数字化转型提速增质。

人工智能驱动中国产业链现代化研究

产业链是一种特殊性质的社会分工协作网络,由主体要素和结构要素构成。人工智能能够驱动产业链主体要素现代化和结构要素现代化。在此基础上,科学构建中国产业链现代化的模型及评价指标体系,并基于2013—2022年中国30个省份的面板数据,实证分析人工智能影响产业链现代化的作用效果及具体机制,结果发现人工智能有助于产业链现代化水平的提升,并且提升作用在西部地区最强,中部地区次之,东部地区最弱;政策冲击检验结果表明,国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区的设立能够显著提升产业链现代化水平,具有显著的因果效应;机制分析结果表明,人工智能可以通过提升人力资本、推动产业结构升级和拉动消费需求三条途径推动产业链现代化。中国应把握人工智能等新科技革命带来的产业变革机遇,推动传统产业链向高端化、智能化、绿色化转型升级,建设具有完整性、先进性、安全性的现代化产业体系。

Enhancement of next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement in quantum Ising spin chain

Using the method of the Jordan-Wigner transformation for solving different spin-spin correlation functions, we have investigated the generation of next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement in a one-dimensional quantum Ising spin chain with the Gaussian distribution impurities of exchange couplings and external magnetic fields taken into account. The maximal value of entanglement between the next-nearest-neighbouring qubits in the transverse Ising model was analysed in detail by varying the effectively controlled parameters such as interchange coupling, magnetic field and the system impurity. For such systems, where both exchange couplings and external magnetic field disorder appear, we show that it is possible to achieve next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement better than the previously discussed pure Ising spin chain case. We also show that the Gaussian distribution impurity can induce next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement, which can be used as a means to characterize quantum phase transition.

数字化转型的溢出效应:扩散还是虹吸?——基于行业内领军企业与行业间产业链双重视角

本文基于创新扩散理论与外部性理论,利用2011—2021年中国上市企业和投入产出表数据,探讨行业内领军企业及行业间产业链上下游企业数字化转型对焦点企业转型的影响。研究结果显示:行业领军企业和产业链上下游企业数字化促进焦点企业转型,且产业链上游促进作用高于下游。一方面,数字化转型存在扩散效应,表现在领军企业与产业链上下游企业通过管理层决策同群效应和知识溢出效应促进焦点企业数字化转型;另一方面,数字化转型也存在虹吸效应,表现在产业链下游企业对焦点企业产生研发人才的虹吸效应,领军企业对焦点企业产生数字资本的虹吸效应。本文的研究对于提高领军企业引领带动作用、提升产业链协同效率具有重要启示,并为建设现代化产业体系提供新思路。

数字金融对供应链绩效的影响机理研究——基于混合方法的实证

数字金融对社会经济发展产生了深远影响,而供应链经济是构建新发展格局、畅通经济双循环的重要微观基础。以2011—2021年创业板中小企业上市公司及其披露出的前五大供应商和客户为样本探究数字金融对供应链绩效的影响,采用回归分析和模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA)进行假设检验和路径分析。研究表明,数字金融对供应链绩效起到了促进作用,从作用机制看,数字金融主要是通过优化供应链资源配置、促进供应链数字化转型,从而促进供应链绩效。而供应链集中度则负向调节了数字金融与供应链绩效之间的关系。经过内生性与稳健性检验之后,研究结论仍然成立。从异质性分析看,数字金融对非国有企业和中西部地区企业的供应链绩效促进作用更显著。同时,fsQCA的结果显示:受供应链集中度影响较弱的大型供应链企业,身处数字金融发展水平较弱的地域,必须实施低资源错配才能更加有效地促进供应链绩效的提升;在资源配置得到优化的情况下,无论其他条件如何,企业规模都是供应链绩效提升的关键条件。

中小企业“链式”数字化转型的逻辑与实践——以广东为例

“链式”数字化转型是当前推动中小企业数字化转型的热点方向和有效途径。本文以广东省当前开展的产业集群数字化转型工程和省级中小企业数字化转型城市试点工作为背景,分析中小企业开展“链式”数字化转型的内在逻辑,阐述综合考虑技术和商业的转型蓝图,分析供应链模式和产业链模式两种实施路线以及“1+1+N”的组织方式,最后介绍典型的实践案例,为全国推动中小企业数字化转型提供参考。

数字化转型对企业全要素生产率的影响——基于产业链关联视角

文章选取上市公司年报以及投入产出表的相关数据,通过面板数据模型考察数字化转型对企业全要素生产率的影响效应及其作用机制。结果表明:数字化转型能够提升企业全要素生产率,并且在缓解内生性问题和进行一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立;数字化转型能够通过前向关联、后向关联两种渠道来增强产业链关联的创新效应和结构效应,进而促进企业全要素生产率增长;数字化转型对企业全要素生产率增长的促进作用存在行业异质性,在劳动密集型和竞争性行业的作用效果更为明显。

场景驱动中国制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升路径——双重价值链差异性嵌入视角

“双循环”新发展格局下,中国制造业在产业组织形态上既嵌入国内价值链充分依托广袤市场的多元化禀赋,同时又嵌入全球价值链参与国际分工实现动态转型升级,但关于场景驱动制造企业创新的探讨还相对少见。为此,选取中国制造业实现全球价值链攀升的微观基础——制造企业为研究对象,基于场景化要素嵌入背景,以国内价值链嵌入广度和全球价值链嵌入高度为评价指标,考察在国内和全球双重价值链差异性嵌入情境下场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升的路径。从知识创新与扩散、产业集聚与升级、市场拓展与创造、生产性服务支撑4种因素间关系着手,通过对4个典型案例的分析发现,场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升有4条路径:链主企业通过创造需求场景实现全球价值链高位势嵌入;链主企业通过破坏创新场景实现全球价值链颠覆性嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过迭代升级场景实现全球价值链动态化嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过跨界经营场景实现全球价值链错位性嵌入。据此,提出中国制造企业应依据自身在国内和全球双重价值链网络的嵌入广度和高度设计合理的场景驱动创新方式,推进链主企业所属制造业圈层体系根植共生,同时政府及相关管理机构应当更为深入推进产业链、价值链、供应链的数字化建设。

供应链联动下企业数字化的绿色创新外溢效应

企业数字化转型是推动经济高质量发展的重要举措,供应链上下游企业数字化联动能否推动企业绿色发展值得深入探究。基于供应链联动效应,研究了供应链上下游企业数字化转型对焦点企业绿色创新的外溢效应及作用机制。研究发现:上下游企业数字化转型对焦点企业绿色创新存在显著正向影响,且该结论在安慰剂、工具变量等一系列稳健性检验后依然显著成立;其中,上游供应商数字化转型对于焦点企业绿色创新的影响更加显著,供应链企业数字化转型的绿色创新外溢效应主要体现为上游企业的技术推动。机制检验表明,上下游企业数字化转型通过供应链内部企业学习、供应链外部主体关注提升了焦点企业绿色创新水平。异质性检验表明,当焦点企业与上下游企业所属行业不同、地理距离较近时,上下游企业数字化转型对焦点企业绿色创新发挥的外溢效应更显著。最后,研究发现上下游企业数字化转型在促进焦点企业绿色创新产出中发挥了“杠杆效应”,刺激企业要素投入增加的同时还提升了绿色创新效率。研究结论为推动数字化绿色供应链建设提供了启示。