In China,the oversupply of coal occurred in 2009,and from that year onwards,China’s coal economy began a low-carbon and clean transformation.Evaluating transformation performance is the research goal of this paper.Th...In China,the oversupply of coal occurred in 2009,and from that year onwards,China’s coal economy began a low-carbon and clean transformation.Evaluating transformation performance is the research goal of this paper.The data collection for this paper includes data on deep processing of Chinese coal products from 2009 to 2020,as well as data on asset structure evolution and financial performance of 34 listed companies in the Chinese coal mining.Entropy value method is used to calculate the entropy value of low-carbon transformation,and the regression analysis is used to study the performance of cleaner transformation,the conclusion is as follows:(1)From 2009 to 2020,in China’s total energy consumption,coal consumption accounted for 71.6%in 2009 and 56.8%in 2020,the goals set by the state have been achieved.(2)The national goal of reducing the proportion of coal consumption and reducing carbon emissions has forced the transformation of deep processing of coal products.The transformation of coal enterprises towards low-carbon and clean production has achieved remarkable results.(3)From 2009 to 2020,the non coal industry income of 34 listed companies in China’s coal mining industry increased by 8.21%annually.At the same time,the asset structure was adjusted,and nearly 80%of the asset structure evolution showed an orderly development trend.(4)The regression analysis results show that the entropy value of coal deep processing products and the entropy value of asset structure adjustment are significantly related to transformation performance.The paper proposes to summarize the successful experience of China’s coal energy economic transformation,lay a foundation for achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutral goals in the future,further increase the intensity of coal deep processing,increase the proportion of clean energy in total energy consumption,and strive to control asset operation towards the goal of increasing the proportion of non coal industry income.展开更多
For understanding the possible deep-seated processes and geodynamic constrains on gold mineralization, comprehensive physicochemical and geochemical studies of gold mineralization have been undertaken within the paleo...For understanding the possible deep-seated processes and geodynamic constrains on gold mineralization, comprehensive physicochemical and geochemical studies of gold mineralization have been undertaken within the paleo-lithosphere framework during the metailogenic epoch from the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula in this paper. A general image of the paleo-crust has been remained although it has been superimposed and reformed by post-metailogenic tectonic movements. The gold ore deposits occur usually in local uplifts and gradient belts featuring a turn from steep to gentle in granite-metamorphic contact zones, relative uplifts of gradient zones of the Curier isothermal interfaces, depressions of the Moho discontinuity and areas where depth contours are cut by isotherms perpendicularly. Gold mineralization and lithogenesis are characterized by high temperature, low pressure and high strength of thermal flux. The depth of mineralization ranges from 0.8 to 4.5 km. The depth of the top interface of the granitic complex in the metallogenic epoch is about 3 km. There is a low-velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with a depth close to 19.5 km, which may be a detachment belt in the crust. The appearance of the LVL indicates the existence of paleo-hyperthermal fluid or relics of molten magma chambers, which reflects partial melting within the crust during the diagenetic and metallogenic epochs and the superposition effects of strike-slip shearing of the Taulu fault zone. The subsidence of the Moho is probably attributed to the coupling process of the NW-SE continental collision between North China and the Yangtze Block and the strike-slip movement of the Tanlu fault accompanied with underplating of mantle magma in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The underplating of mantle magma may result in partial melting and make granite magma transfer upwards. This is favorable for the migration of metallogenic materials from deep to shallow to be enriched to form deposits. Coupling interactions between the strike-slip of the Taulu fault, the underplating of mantle magma, partial melting within the crust, and hyperthermal fluid, etc. may be the important factors controlling the gold mineralization and spatial structures in the metailogenic system.展开更多
In the light of results from study on coupling between deep and shallow structures in Xingtai earthquake area during the 'Ninth Five-Year Plan' period and other previous results from deep seismic refraction/re...In the light of results from study on coupling between deep and shallow structures in Xingtai earthquake area during the 'Ninth Five-Year Plan' period and other previous results from deep seismic refraction/reflection and seismic prospecting of petroleum, we infer that there exist a series of shallow faults in the upper crust above the 8 km-deep detachment surface in Xingtai macroseismic focal region, where none of the faults, including Aixinzhuang fault reaches the Quaternary stratum, except that the Xinhe fault cuts through the mid-Pleistocene formation upwards. Aixinzhuang fault and other faults extend downwards into Xinhe fault whereas the Xinhe listric fault stretches downwards at a low dip angle into the detachment surface. The abyssal fault with high dip angle under the detachment surface cutting through the middle and lower crust to Moho is the causative fault for the large Xingtai earthquake, whose dislocation can cause strong earthquakes, shallow fault activity and the motion of surface material. The shallow faults in the upper crust are not causative faults for strong earthquakes, although they may be active faults. The existence of the detachment surface brings about a special relationship between shallow and deep structures, i.e. they are relatively independent of each other and have effects on each other It not only transmits partial energy and deformation between the upper and lower crust,but also has a certain decoupling effect. Finally we conclude that active faults do not necessarily reach the latest stratum, and the age of uppermost faulted stratum cannot represent the latest active period of the fault. This put to us a significant question in regard to the age determination and study of active faults. Other noticeable questions are also inferred to in this study.展开更多
Based on the results of surface geology, shallow and deep seismic survey, features of micro-earthquake activity along the north boundary fault of Yanqing-Fanshan sub-basin and their relationship with the surface activ...Based on the results of surface geology, shallow and deep seismic survey, features of micro-earthquake activity along the north boundary fault of Yanqing-Fanshan sub-basin and their relationship with the surface active faults and the deep-seated crustal structure are analyzed using the recordings from the high-resolution digital seismic network. The focal mechanism solutions of micro-earthquakes, whose locations are precisely determined by the seismic network, have confirmed the structural characteristics to be the rotational planar normal fault and demon-strated the surface traces of the north boundary fault of Yanqing-Fanshan sub-basin. By using the digital recordings of earthquakes with the high resolutions and analyzing the mechanism solutions, our study has revealed the rela-tionship between the geological phenomena in the shallow and deep structures in Yanqing-Huailai basin and the transition features from the brittle to ductile deformation with the crustal depth.展开更多
Deep and shallow tectonic data in Shenyang and its relationship with seismic activity shows that the NE trending faults developed on the surface control the formation and development of the fault-uplift and fault-depr...Deep and shallow tectonic data in Shenyang and its relationship with seismic activity shows that the NE trending faults developed on the surface control the formation and development of the fault-uplift and fault-depression.The uplift and depression of the bedrock at a depth of 7km underground are consistent with the surface structure.12 planar listric normal faults have developed above a depth of 18km ~ 20km and two deep faults have developed in the lower crust.Because of the deep incision and new activities,the surface Wanggangpu-Xinchengzi fault and Yongle-Qingshuitai fault,which correspond to the deep F3 fault and F6 fault,might be related to seismic activity in Shenyang.展开更多
We selected relative travel-time residuals from teleseismic waveform data using the waveform correction method and imaged the P wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China. In combination with other geophysical da...We selected relative travel-time residuals from teleseismic waveform data using the waveform correction method and imaged the P wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China. In combination with other geophysical data, we discussed the relation between the shallow and deep structures of the area. The results show that there is a primary high-velocity zone with some high- and low-ve- locity distribution characters beneath the Songliao basin. The low-velocity anomalies may extend down to the upper mantle, and may be the result of material upwelling. The low-velocity anomaly beneath the southern part of the Songliao basin is connected to those beneath the Chang- baishan and A'ershan volcanic areas. It may be an upwelling channel from the mantle beneath the Songliao basin and adjacent area. This finding indicates the Songliao basin was a result of asthenospheric upwelling caused by subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate.展开更多
Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the localization of mineralization at depth can reduce the ri...Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the localization of mineralization at depth can reduce the risk in deep mineral exploration.One of the relatively poorly constrained but important factors is the hydrodynamics of mineralization.This paper reviews the principles of hydrodynamics of mineralization,especially the nature of relationships between mineralization and structures,and their applications to various types of mineralization systems in the context of hydrodynamic linkage between shallow and deep parts of the systems.Three categories of mineralization systems were examined,i.e.,magmatic-hydrothermal systems,structurally controlled hydrothermal systems with uncertain fluid sources,and hydrothermal systems associated with sedimentary basins.The implications for deep mineral exploration,including potentials for new mineral resources at depth,favorable locations for mineralization,as well as uncertainties,are discussed.展开更多
In this paper, the abnormal characteristics of the crustal structures in the seismic active region, Yanqing-Huailai and Zhangbei-Shangyi, are obtained by means of comprehensively interpreting and studying the data of ...In this paper, the abnormal characteristics of the crustal structures in the seismic active region, Yanqing-Huailai and Zhangbei-Shangyi, are obtained by means of comprehensively interpreting and studying the data of deep seis- mic sounding profiles passing through the northwestern part of Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone. The results show that the fluctuation of crystalline basement in the study region is obvious and that there exist considerable differ- ences in depth in different geological units. The locally abrupt variation of crystalline basement depths may be regarded as a mark of existence of crystalline basement faults. These crystalline basement faults and deep crustal faults provide a pass for the magma upwelling, resulting in the strong inhomogeneity of crustal structures. These phenomena of the complex seismic reflected waves and locally discontinuous reflection zones with different en- ergy indicate that the intensive squeeze and deformation of crust took place, which have led to the complex crustal structures and offered the dynamic source for the earthquake occurrence in this region. The low velocity bodies in different depths of crust and the local interface C1 in Zhangbei-Shangyi region may result from repeated magmatic activities. The certain stress accumulation in the brittle upper crust can cause the occurrence of earthquake under the action of local tectonic activity.展开更多
The drug supervision methods based on near-infrared spectroscopy analysis are heavily dependent on the chemometrics model which characterizes the relationship between spectral data and drug categories.The preliminary ...The drug supervision methods based on near-infrared spectroscopy analysis are heavily dependent on the chemometrics model which characterizes the relationship between spectral data and drug categories.The preliminary application of convolution neural network in spectral analysis demonstrates excellent end-to-end prediction ability,but it is sensitive to the hyper-parameters of the network.The transformer is a deep-learning model based on self-attention mechanism that compares convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in predictive performance and has an easy-todesign model structure.Hence,a novel calibration model named SpectraTr,based on the transformer structure,is proposed and used for the qualitative analysis of drug spectrum.The experimental results of seven classes of drug and 18 classes of drug show that the proposed SpectraTr model can automatically extract features from a huge number of spectra,is not dependent on pre-processing algorithms,and is insensitive to model hyperparameters.When the ratio of the training set to test set is 8:2,the prediction accuracy of the SpectraTr model reaches 100%and 99.52%,respectively,which outperforms PLS DA,SVM,SAE,and CNN.The model is also tested on a public drug data set,and achieved classification accuracy of 96.97%without preprocessing algorithm,which is 34.85%,28.28%,5.05%,and 2.73%higher than PLS DA,SVM,SAE,and CNN,respectively.The research shows that the SpectraTr model performs exceptionally well in spectral analysis and is expected to be a novel deep calibration model after Autoencoder networks(AEs)and CNN.展开更多
The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone fr...The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles.展开更多
基金fund major project“Research on China’s Natural Resources Capitalization and Corresponding Market Construction”(No.:15zdb163)Construction project of key disciplines of business administration in Jiangsu Province during the 14th five-year plan(SJYH2022-2/285).
文摘In China,the oversupply of coal occurred in 2009,and from that year onwards,China’s coal economy began a low-carbon and clean transformation.Evaluating transformation performance is the research goal of this paper.The data collection for this paper includes data on deep processing of Chinese coal products from 2009 to 2020,as well as data on asset structure evolution and financial performance of 34 listed companies in the Chinese coal mining.Entropy value method is used to calculate the entropy value of low-carbon transformation,and the regression analysis is used to study the performance of cleaner transformation,the conclusion is as follows:(1)From 2009 to 2020,in China’s total energy consumption,coal consumption accounted for 71.6%in 2009 and 56.8%in 2020,the goals set by the state have been achieved.(2)The national goal of reducing the proportion of coal consumption and reducing carbon emissions has forced the transformation of deep processing of coal products.The transformation of coal enterprises towards low-carbon and clean production has achieved remarkable results.(3)From 2009 to 2020,the non coal industry income of 34 listed companies in China’s coal mining industry increased by 8.21%annually.At the same time,the asset structure was adjusted,and nearly 80%of the asset structure evolution showed an orderly development trend.(4)The regression analysis results show that the entropy value of coal deep processing products and the entropy value of asset structure adjustment are significantly related to transformation performance.The paper proposes to summarize the successful experience of China’s coal energy economic transformation,lay a foundation for achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutral goals in the future,further increase the intensity of coal deep processing,increase the proportion of clean energy in total energy consumption,and strive to control asset operation towards the goal of increasing the proportion of non coal industry income.
基金supported jointly by the Fostering Plan Fund for Trans-century Excellent Talents and the Key Project of Science and Technology Research of the Ministry of Education(No.03178)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40572063 and No.40234051).
文摘For understanding the possible deep-seated processes and geodynamic constrains on gold mineralization, comprehensive physicochemical and geochemical studies of gold mineralization have been undertaken within the paleo-lithosphere framework during the metailogenic epoch from the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula in this paper. A general image of the paleo-crust has been remained although it has been superimposed and reformed by post-metailogenic tectonic movements. The gold ore deposits occur usually in local uplifts and gradient belts featuring a turn from steep to gentle in granite-metamorphic contact zones, relative uplifts of gradient zones of the Curier isothermal interfaces, depressions of the Moho discontinuity and areas where depth contours are cut by isotherms perpendicularly. Gold mineralization and lithogenesis are characterized by high temperature, low pressure and high strength of thermal flux. The depth of mineralization ranges from 0.8 to 4.5 km. The depth of the top interface of the granitic complex in the metallogenic epoch is about 3 km. There is a low-velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with a depth close to 19.5 km, which may be a detachment belt in the crust. The appearance of the LVL indicates the existence of paleo-hyperthermal fluid or relics of molten magma chambers, which reflects partial melting within the crust during the diagenetic and metallogenic epochs and the superposition effects of strike-slip shearing of the Taulu fault zone. The subsidence of the Moho is probably attributed to the coupling process of the NW-SE continental collision between North China and the Yangtze Block and the strike-slip movement of the Tanlu fault accompanied with underplating of mantle magma in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The underplating of mantle magma may result in partial melting and make granite magma transfer upwards. This is favorable for the migration of metallogenic materials from deep to shallow to be enriched to form deposits. Coupling interactions between the strike-slip of the Taulu fault, the underplating of mantle magma, partial melting within the crust, and hyperthermal fluid, etc. may be the important factors controlling the gold mineralization and spatial structures in the metailogenic system.
基金China Seismological Bureau during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period!Key Project(95-04-08-02)
文摘In the light of results from study on coupling between deep and shallow structures in Xingtai earthquake area during the 'Ninth Five-Year Plan' period and other previous results from deep seismic refraction/reflection and seismic prospecting of petroleum, we infer that there exist a series of shallow faults in the upper crust above the 8 km-deep detachment surface in Xingtai macroseismic focal region, where none of the faults, including Aixinzhuang fault reaches the Quaternary stratum, except that the Xinhe fault cuts through the mid-Pleistocene formation upwards. Aixinzhuang fault and other faults extend downwards into Xinhe fault whereas the Xinhe listric fault stretches downwards at a low dip angle into the detachment surface. The abyssal fault with high dip angle under the detachment surface cutting through the middle and lower crust to Moho is the causative fault for the large Xingtai earthquake, whose dislocation can cause strong earthquakes, shallow fault activity and the motion of surface material. The shallow faults in the upper crust are not causative faults for strong earthquakes, although they may be active faults. The existence of the detachment surface brings about a special relationship between shallow and deep structures, i.e. they are relatively independent of each other and have effects on each other It not only transmits partial energy and deformation between the upper and lower crust,but also has a certain decoupling effect. Finally we conclude that active faults do not necessarily reach the latest stratum, and the age of uppermost faulted stratum cannot represent the latest active period of the fault. This put to us a significant question in regard to the age determination and study of active faults. Other noticeable questions are also inferred to in this study.
文摘Based on the results of surface geology, shallow and deep seismic survey, features of micro-earthquake activity along the north boundary fault of Yanqing-Fanshan sub-basin and their relationship with the surface active faults and the deep-seated crustal structure are analyzed using the recordings from the high-resolution digital seismic network. The focal mechanism solutions of micro-earthquakes, whose locations are precisely determined by the seismic network, have confirmed the structural characteristics to be the rotational planar normal fault and demon-strated the surface traces of the north boundary fault of Yanqing-Fanshan sub-basin. By using the digital recordings of earthquakes with the high resolutions and analyzing the mechanism solutions, our study has revealed the rela-tionship between the geological phenomena in the shallow and deep structures in Yanqing-Huailai basin and the transition features from the brittle to ductile deformation with the crustal depth.
基金sponsored by the Active Fault Detecting Subprogram (2007-2230) of the"Chinese Digital Earthquake Observation Network"of the Tenth"Five-year Plan",China
文摘Deep and shallow tectonic data in Shenyang and its relationship with seismic activity shows that the NE trending faults developed on the surface control the formation and development of the fault-uplift and fault-depression.The uplift and depression of the bedrock at a depth of 7km underground are consistent with the surface structure.12 planar listric normal faults have developed above a depth of 18km ~ 20km and two deep faults have developed in the lower crust.Because of the deep incision and new activities,the surface Wanggangpu-Xinchengzi fault and Yongle-Qingshuitai fault,which correspond to the deep F3 fault and F6 fault,might be related to seismic activity in Shenyang.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41274088)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(ISCTP)(Grant No.2011DFB20210)the Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Plan Project of Hebei province,China(Grant NO.DZ20150420030)
文摘We selected relative travel-time residuals from teleseismic waveform data using the waveform correction method and imaged the P wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China. In combination with other geophysical data, we discussed the relation between the shallow and deep structures of the area. The results show that there is a primary high-velocity zone with some high- and low-ve- locity distribution characters beneath the Songliao basin. The low-velocity anomalies may extend down to the upper mantle, and may be the result of material upwelling. The low-velocity anomaly beneath the southern part of the Songliao basin is connected to those beneath the Chang- baishan and A'ershan volcanic areas. It may be an upwelling channel from the mantle beneath the Songliao basin and adjacent area. This finding indicates the Songliao basin was a result of asthenospheric upwelling caused by subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate.
基金supported by an NSERC-DG grant(Grant No.RGPIN-2018-06458,to Chi)National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(Grant No.41930428,to Xu)。
文摘Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the localization of mineralization at depth can reduce the risk in deep mineral exploration.One of the relatively poorly constrained but important factors is the hydrodynamics of mineralization.This paper reviews the principles of hydrodynamics of mineralization,especially the nature of relationships between mineralization and structures,and their applications to various types of mineralization systems in the context of hydrodynamic linkage between shallow and deep parts of the systems.Three categories of mineralization systems were examined,i.e.,magmatic-hydrothermal systems,structurally controlled hydrothermal systems with uncertain fluid sources,and hydrothermal systems associated with sedimentary basins.The implications for deep mineral exploration,including potentials for new mineral resources at depth,favorable locations for mineralization,as well as uncertainties,are discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40334040) and Key Project from China Earthquake Administration during the ninth Five-year Plan (9504080101).
文摘In this paper, the abnormal characteristics of the crustal structures in the seismic active region, Yanqing-Huailai and Zhangbei-Shangyi, are obtained by means of comprehensively interpreting and studying the data of deep seis- mic sounding profiles passing through the northwestern part of Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone. The results show that the fluctuation of crystalline basement in the study region is obvious and that there exist considerable differ- ences in depth in different geological units. The locally abrupt variation of crystalline basement depths may be regarded as a mark of existence of crystalline basement faults. These crystalline basement faults and deep crustal faults provide a pass for the magma upwelling, resulting in the strong inhomogeneity of crustal structures. These phenomena of the complex seismic reflected waves and locally discontinuous reflection zones with different en- ergy indicate that the intensive squeeze and deformation of crust took place, which have led to the complex crustal structures and offered the dynamic source for the earthquake occurrence in this region. The low velocity bodies in different depths of crust and the local interface C1 in Zhangbei-Shangyi region may result from repeated magmatic activities. The certain stress accumulation in the brittle upper crust can cause the occurrence of earthquake under the action of local tectonic activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61906050,21365008)Guangxi Technology R&D Program(2018AD11018)Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education(2021YCXS050).
文摘The drug supervision methods based on near-infrared spectroscopy analysis are heavily dependent on the chemometrics model which characterizes the relationship between spectral data and drug categories.The preliminary application of convolution neural network in spectral analysis demonstrates excellent end-to-end prediction ability,but it is sensitive to the hyper-parameters of the network.The transformer is a deep-learning model based on self-attention mechanism that compares convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in predictive performance and has an easy-todesign model structure.Hence,a novel calibration model named SpectraTr,based on the transformer structure,is proposed and used for the qualitative analysis of drug spectrum.The experimental results of seven classes of drug and 18 classes of drug show that the proposed SpectraTr model can automatically extract features from a huge number of spectra,is not dependent on pre-processing algorithms,and is insensitive to model hyperparameters.When the ratio of the training set to test set is 8:2,the prediction accuracy of the SpectraTr model reaches 100%and 99.52%,respectively,which outperforms PLS DA,SVM,SAE,and CNN.The model is also tested on a public drug data set,and achieved classification accuracy of 96.97%without preprocessing algorithm,which is 34.85%,28.28%,5.05%,and 2.73%higher than PLS DA,SVM,SAE,and CNN,respectively.The research shows that the SpectraTr model performs exceptionally well in spectral analysis and is expected to be a novel deep calibration model after Autoencoder networks(AEs)and CNN.
基金the State Key Basic Research and Development Program (004CB418401) , Special Public Welfare Research Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2004DIA3J010) and National Science and Technology Tackle Program of China(969130705)
文摘The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles.