Dihydroergotamine ameliorates liver fibrosis by targeting transforming growth factor β type Ⅱ receptor

BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β(TGFβ) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis by activating TGFβ type Ⅱ receptor(TGFβR2), followed by the recruitment of TGFβR1 finally triggering downstream signaling pathway.AIM To find drugs targeting TGFβR2 that inhibit TGFβR1/TGFβR2 complex formation, theoretically inhibit TGFβ signaling pathway, and thereby ameliorate liver fibrosis.METHODS Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs were screened for binding affinity with TGFβR2 by virtual molecular docking. We identified 6 candidates and further explored their potential by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) cell cytotoxic experiment to validate toxicity and titrated the best cellular working concentrations. Next, we further demonstrated the detailed molecular working mechanisms using mutagenesis analysis. Finally, we used a mouse model to investigate its potential anti-liver fibrosis effect.RESULTS We identified 6 drug candidates. Among these 6 drugs, dihydroergotamine(DHE) shows great ability in reducing fibrotic gene expressions such as collagen, p-SMAD3, and α-SMA in TGFβ induced cellular model of liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DHE binds to TGFβR2. Moreover, mutation of Leu27, Phe30, Thr51, Ser52, Ile53, and Glu55 of TGFβR2 disrupted the binding of TGFβR2 with DHE. In addition, DHE significantly improved liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Masson’s trichrome staining of liver sections. This is further supported by the width and the velocity of the portal vein, and serum markers of liver function. In line with those observations, DHE also decreased macrophages infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition in the liver.CONCLUSION DHE alleviates liver fibrosis by binding to TGFβR2 thereby suppressing TGFβ signaling pathway. We show here that as far as drug repurposing, DHE has great potential to treat liver fibrosis.

The Effect of Simvastatin on mRNA Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1,Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tooth Extraction Socket

Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β_(1) in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Utility in Molecular Tissue Engineering for Osteochondral Repair

The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(1)genes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in vitro.The full-length rat TGF-β_(1)cDNA was transfected to MSCs mediated by lipofectamine and then selected with G418,a synthetic neomycin analog.The transient and stable expression of TGF-β_(1)by MSCs was detected by using immunohistochemical staining.The lipofectamine-mediated gene therapy efficiently transfected MSCs in vitro with the TGF-β_(1)gene causing a marked up-regulation in TGF-β_(1)expression as compared with the vector-transfected control groups,and the increased expression persisted for at least 4 weeks after selected with G418.It was suggested that bone marrow-derived MSCs were susceptible to in vitro lipofectamine mediated TGF-β_(1)gene transfer and that transgene expression persisted for at least 4 weeks.Having successfully combined the existing techniques of tissue engineering with the novel possibilities offered by modern gene transfer technology,an innovative concept,i.e.molecular tissue engineering,are put forward for the first time.As a new branch of tissue engineering,it represents both a new area and an important trend in research.Using this technique,we have a new powerful tool with which:(1)to modify the functional biology of articular tissue repair along defined pathways of growth and differentiation and(2)to affect a better repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects that occur as a result of injury and osteoarthritis.

Effects of transforming growth factor β2 and connective tissue growth factor on induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis in human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.

Effect of NF-κB p65 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2

AIM：To study the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65）antisense oligodeoxynucleotide（ASODN）on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2）.·M ETHODS：NF-κBp65ASODNand NF-κBp65missense oligodeoxynucleotide（MSODN）were designed and synthesized.Human lens epithelial cell line（HLE B-3）cells were prepared for study and divided into 7 groups.Control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium（DMEM）.T1,T2,and T3 group were HLE B-3 cells cultured in DMEM with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 6h,12h,24h respectively.A＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 ASODN for 24h.M＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 MSODN for 24h.The negative control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after cultured with transfer agent（Hi Per Fect）for 24h.Cell morphology was observed at different time points using an inverted microscope.The expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）,and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）protein was assayed with ELISA.·RESULTS：With the TGF-β2 stimulation prolongation,the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA and a-SMA protein increased in T1,T2,T3 groups compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（〈0.05）.NF-κB p65 ASODN lowered the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.NF-κB p65 MSODN and Hi Per Fect did not lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.The difference between control group and A＋T group was not statistically significant（〉0.05）,but the difference among A＋T group and other groups was statistically significant（〈0.05）.·CONCLUSION：NF-κB p65 ASODN could lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2,and antagonized TGF-β2-induced transdifferentiation of HLE B-3.NF-κB p65ASODN could be used as a new biological therapeutic target of posterior capsular opacification.

Pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture potentiates the expression of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in rat brains

The expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 is known to confer protective effects on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.The current study investigated the expression levels of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in response to multiple pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture at acupoints Zusanli（ST36）and Fengchi（GB20） stimulation.Rats were divided into five groups：uninjured,control,non-acupoint,GB20 and ST36. Rats in the non-acupoint,GB20 and ST36 groups received 30 minutes（3 times or 18 times）of electro-acupuncture stimulation before experimental cerebral ischemia was induced.Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were found to be significantly increased in the ST36 groups with either 3 or 18 electro-acupuncture treatments（P〈0.05）.The production was higher with 18 electro-acupuncture treatments in the ST36 groups（P〈0.05）.In the GB20 groups,significant increase was only observed in transforming growth factor-beta 1 with 18 electro-acupuncture treatments（P〈0.05）.No significant elevation of the level of transforming growth factor-beta 1 was observed in the non-acupoint groups.However,the production of Bcl-2 increased with 18 treatments in the non-acupoint groups（P〈0.05）.The data suggest that multiple pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture at ST36 was effective in conferring neuroprotective effect on the brain by means of upregulation of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and the effect was increase with the number of treatment.

Alendronate disturbs femoral growth due to changes during immunolocalization of transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in epiphyseal plate

BACKGROUND The epiphyseal growth plate is an important anatomical segment localized on the ends of a long bone.Despite the abovementioned atractive reasons for alendronate’s use,few data on the effect of alendronate during epiphyseal growth exist.AIM Verify the effect of alendronate on the growth epiphyseal plate,and compare its effect with the size of the femur during the double-staining of the immunolocalization of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP2)in endochondral ossifing in specimens that have received alendronate.METHODS Forty newborn rats were randomly divided into two groups:a control group(were given applications of 1 mg/kg physiologic saline)and a group that received Alendronate(a dose of 2.5 mg/kg).These groups were then divided into two subgroups for euthanasia in two and 12 d of life.After euthanasia,the femurs were removed,and the femoral bones were measured linearly between the apex of the greater trochanter until the lower intercondylar midlle face to verify the probable bone growth between 3 and 12 d in control and alednroanto treated rats.Posteriorly,the surgical pieces were also sent to the histopathology laboratory to produce histological slides.The obtained slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to measure each of the cartilage zones in endochondral development.and other slides were immunohistochemically tested for anti-TGF-β1 and BMP-2 antibodies to investigate the immunolocalization of these proteins in the epiphyseal plaque area.RESULTS On the third day,some diferences between the control group and specimens treated with alendronate were verified.Macroscopiccaly,we found similarities in size between the femoral bones when we compared the control group with the specimens that received alendronate.On the 12^th day,the bone size of the mice receiving the drug was significantly smaller than those of the control group.These results coincide with changes in the TGF-β1 and BMP-2 expression.In the specimens that received alendronate,the TGF-β1 was expressed in some sites of trabecular bone that was neoformed,peripherally to the bone marrow area.The BMP-2 was also positive in proliferative chondrocytes and hypertrofic chondrocytes.On the 12^th day,all layers of chondrocytes exhibited positivity for BMP-2 in the specimens that received alendronate.In the interface between the trabecular bone and cartilage,an area of disorganized bone deposition was evident.Neoformed bone also appeared to be different at 12 d.In the control group,BMP-2 was positive in an intense area of bone trabeculae,whereas the alendronate-treated group showed TGF-β1 positive trabeculae and a greater bone area.CONCLUSION Alendronate alters the immunolocalization of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 simultaneously,a condition that changes the usual histological aspects of the cartilage zone and impairs epiphysis growth and femur growth.

Study of Rat Osteoblasts Transfected by Transforming Growth Factorβ_(1)Gene

Summary:In order to investigate the effect of TGFβ_(1) gene transfer on the biological characteristics,the effects of gene transfer and supernatant of transfected osteoblasts on the proliferation and ALP activity of osteoblasts were detected by ^(3)H-TdR and MTT.Our results showed that TGFβ_(1) gene transfer had no effect on the biological characteristics and the activated supernatant of transfected osteoblasts stimulated proliferation and inhibited ALP activity of osteoblasts.TGFβ_(1) gene transfer could promote the expression of TGFβ_(1) and the biological characteristics of transfected osteoblasts were stable,which might be helpful for gene therapy of bone defects in vivo.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Patients with the Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Hepatectomy

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) are modulated in variety cancers including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a paucity of data concerning their role in the pathologic process of recurrence of HCC following hepatectomy. We herein assessed the role of the hepatic expression of COX-2 and TGF-β as predictors for patients with early recurrence within 2 years of HCC diagnosis. Methods: Sixty patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy between 2000 and 2003 were entered in the present study. The immunoreactivity and distribution patterns of COX-2 and TGF-β1 were examined in both the HCC and the adjacent nonHCC tissues of the liver. Risk factors of tumor recurrence within 2 years, including COX-2 and TGF-β1 expression, were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Among 60 patients, 31 patients had early recurrences within 2 years and 14 patients recurred after 2 years following surgery. Patients with low COX-2 expression in the HCC tissues and adjacent nonHCC tissues had favorable disease-free survival (p = 0.002 and p β1 expression in the nonHCC tissues had also longer disease-free survival (p = 0.045). Based on the expression patterns of COX-2 and TGF-β1, patients with low COX-2 and positive TGF-β1 expression in the nonHCC tissues had favorable overall and disease-free survival (p β1 signaling in nontumor tissues suggested high risk of recurrence and poor survival to the HCC patients following hepatectomy.

二甲双胍对转化生长因子-β_(2)(TGF-β_(2))诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化的影响

目的研究二甲双胍对转化生长因子-β_(2)(TGF-β_(2))诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞(LEC)增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化的影响。方法选择永生化人LEC(HLEB-3细胞)作为细胞来源;将细胞融合度80%的人LEC置于含10 mg·L^(-1)TGF-β_(2)的DMEM低糖培养基中培养24 h作为对照组,经TGF-β_(2)处理再加入不同浓度二甲双胍进一步作用后的细胞作为实验组。处理后在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞的形态变化。采用CCK-8实验检测细胞毒性,计算细胞存活率,Western blot法检测细胞中辅助激活因子Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)、大肿瘤抑制因子1(LATS1)、波型蛋白(Vimentin)的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测YAP1、LATS1、哺乳动物STE20样激酶1(MST1)、Vimentin、E-钙黏蛋白mRNA的表达。结果二甲双胍细胞毒性检测结果显示,当二甲双胍浓度大于15.0 mmol·L^(-1)时,人LEC的存活率明显降低,表明二甲双胍浓度对LEC存活影响较大,因此选择15.0 mmol·L^(-1)进行后续实验。二甲双胍对TGF-β_(2)诱导的人LEC增殖有显著的抑制作用,且呈明显的剂量依赖性(均为P<0.001)。15.0 mmol·L^(-1)二甲双胍作用于人LEC 24 h后细胞中YAP1和Vimentin蛋白相对表达量均低于对照组(均为P<0.05);LATS1蛋白相对表达量高于对照组(P<0.05)。15.0 mmol·L^(-1)二甲双胍作用于人LEC 24 h后细胞中YAP1和Vimentin mRNA相对表达量均低于对照组,LATS1、MST1、E-钙黏蛋白mRNA相对表达量均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍在体外能够对TGF-β_(2)诱导的人LEC增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化产生抑制作用,同时可下调YAP1和Vimentin mRNA的表达,上调LATS1、MST1、E-钙黏蛋白mRNA的表达;该作用机制可能与其激活Hippo信号通路有关。

EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β AND RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2 ON HUMAN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS

Objective To evaluate the effects of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs). Methods HPDLFs were done primary culture to detect the distinct concentrations of TGF-P and rhBMF2 on its proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OC) synthesis and formation of the minerali-zed nodules, respectively. Results TGF-β (5～100ng/ml) significantly stimulated the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity of HPDLFs was evaluated evidently by 5ng/ml TGF-β. TGF-β( 0. 5 ～ 100ng/ml) had no effects on OC synthesis and formation of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs. rhBMP2 (0. 25～2mg/ ml) had no remarkable effect on the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity, OC synthesis and forma-tion of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs were significantly stimulated by 0. 5～ 2mg /ml rhBMP2. Conclusion The effects of TGF-β and rhBMP2 on HPDLFs are dose-dependent. TGF-P can stimulate HPDLFs to express the early marker of osteoblastic phenotype, and it lacks the ability to promote maturation of the osteogenic phenotype. rhBMP2 can not only stimulate the expression but also promote the maturation of osteoblas-tic phenotype of HPDLFs.

Bone morphogenetic protein-6 suppresses TGF-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelium

AIM:To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6(BMP-6)on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).METHODS:Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line(ARPE-19)were randomly divided into control,TGF-β_(2)(5μg/L),and BMP-6 small interfering RNA(siRNA)group.The cell morphology was observed by microscopy,and the cell migration ability were detected by Transwell chamber.The EMT-related indexes and BMP-6 protein levels were detected by Western blotting.Furthermore,a BMP-6 overexpression plasmid was constructed and RPE cells were divided into the control group,TGF-β_(2)+empty plasmid group,BMP-6 overexpression group,and TGF-β_(2)+BMP-6 overexpression group.The EMT-related indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)protein levels were detected.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the migration of RPE cells in the TGF-β_(2) group was significantly enhanced.TGF-β_(2) increased the protein expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein levels of E-cadherin and BMP-6(P<0.05)in RPE.Similarly,the migration of RPE cells in the BMP-6 siRNA group was also significantly enhanced.BMP-6 siRNA increased the protein expression levels ofα-SMA,fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein expression levels of E-cadherin(P<0.05).Overexpression of BMP-6 inhibited the migration of RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2) and prevented TGF-β_(2) from affecting EMT-related biomarkers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP-6 prevents the EMT in RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2),which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

儿童支原体肺炎患者血清CCL-2、IL-6、TGF-β_(1)、SP-A变化及与疾病严重程度的关系

目的探讨儿童支原体肺炎(MPP)患者血清趋化因子配体2(CCL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))、肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A(SP-A)水平变化及与疾病严重程度的关系。方法纳入100例2019年6月至2022年6月入院且经检测诊断为MPP儿童患者为研究对象(MMP组),根据临床表现及影像学表现分为轻症组(62例)、重症组(38例)。选择同期来院健康体检的儿童患者为参照对象(健康组,100例)。采集两组儿童静脉血样,检测并比较MPP组与健康组儿童血清CCL-2、IL-6、TGF-β_(1)、SP-A水平,并分析其与MPP严重程度的关系,绘制ROC曲线分析单独检测和四者联合检测对MMP严重程度诊断的效能。结果MPP组患儿血清中CCL-2、IL-6、TGF-β_(1)、SP-A水平较健康组升高,且MPP患儿重症组中的水平较轻症组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,CCL-2、IL-6、TGF-β_(1)、SP-A与儿童MPP严重程度呈正相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,四者联合检测诊断儿童MPP的AUC为0.940,高于单独检测(P<0.05)。结论CCL-2、IL-6、TGF-β_(1)、SP-A水平在MPP患儿血清中升高,并与MPP严重程度相关,四者联合检测更有利于对MPP严重程度进行临床诊断。

Effects of 530 nm monochromatic light on basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 expression in Müller cells

AIMTo expose rat retinal M&#x000fc;ller cells to 530 nm monochromatic light and investigate the influence of varying light illumination times on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-&#x003b2;1 (TGF-&#x003b2;1) expression.METHODSThree groups of rat retinal M&#x000fc;ller cells cultured in vitro under a 530 nm monochromatic light were divided into 6, 12 and 24h experimental groups, while cells incubated under dark conditions served as the control group. The bFGF and TGF-&#x003b2;1 mRNA expression, protein levels and fluorescence intensity of the M&#x000fc;ller cells were analyzed.RESULTSThe bFGF mRNA expression and protein levels were significantly upregulated in M&#x000fc;ller cells in all three experimental groups compared with the control group (P&#x0003c;0.05), while that of TGF-&#x003b2;1 was downregulated (P&#x0003c;0.05). Also, bFGF expression was positively correlated, but TGF-&#x003b2;1 expression was negatively correlated with illumination time. The largest changes for both cytokines were seen in the 24h group. The changes in bFGF and TGF-&#x003b2;1 fluorescence intensity were highest in the 24h group, and significant differences were observed among the experimental groups (P&#x0003c;0.05).CONCLUSIONThe expressions of bFGF and TGF-&#x003b2;1 changed in a time-dependent manner in M&#x000fc;ller cells exposed to 530 nm monochromatic light with 250 lx illumination intensity. M&#x000fc;ller cells might play a role in the development of myopia by increasing bFGF expression or decreasing TGF-&#x003b2;1 expression. Changes in cytokine expression in retinal M&#x000fc;ller cells may affect monochromatic light-induced myopia.

Transforming growth factor-β and toll-like receptor-4 polymorphisms are not associated with fibrosis in haemochromatosis

AIM:To investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms in the progression of hepatic fibrosis in hereditary haemochromatosis.METHODS:A cohort of 245 well-characterised C282Y homozygous patients with haemochromatosis was studied,with all subjects having liver biopsy data and DNA available for testing.This study assessed the association of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in a total of six genes including toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),oxoguanine DNA glycosylase,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 and interleukin-10 with liver disease severity.Genotyping was performed using high resolution melt analysis and sequencing.The results were analysed in relation to the stage of hepatic fibrosis in multivariate analysis incorporating other cofactors including alcohol consumption and hepatic iron concentration.RESULTS:There were significant associations between the cofactors of male gender(P=0.0001),increasing age(P=0.006),alcohol consumption(P=0.0001),steatosis(P=0.03),hepatic iron concentration(P<0.0001)and the presence of hepatic fibrosis.Of the candidate gene polymorphisms studied,none showed a significant association with hepatic fibrosis in univariate or multivariate analysis incorporating cofactors.We also specifically studied patients with hepatic iron loading above threshold levels for cirrhosis and compared the genetic polymorphisms between those with no fibrosis vs cirrhosis however there was no significant effect from any of the candidate genes studied.Importantly,in this large,well characterised cohort of patients there was no association between SNPs for TGF-βor TLR4and the presence of fibrosis,cirrhosis or increasing fibrosis stage in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:In our large,well characterised group of haemochromatosis subjects we did not demonstrate any relationship between candidate gene polymorphisms and hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis.

入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ水平与CHB肝纤维化严重程度的相关性及对疾病预后的预测价值

目的探讨入院时血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、Smad同源蛋白2(Smad2)、Smad同源蛋白3(Smad3)及透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)水平与慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)肝纤维化严重程度的相关性及联合检测对疾病预后的预测价值。方法选取河南省中医院2021年3月至2022年3月收治的78例CHB肝纤维化患者作为研究组,选择同期78名健康体检者作为对照组。比较研究组和对照组及不同肝纤维化分期、不同炎症活动分级CHB肝纤维化患者入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、PCⅢ、LN、CⅣ水平;分析入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、PCⅢ、LN、CⅣ水平与肝纤维化分期、炎症活动分级的相关性。CHB肝纤维化患者治疗3个月后,根据患者预后分为预后良好和预后不良亚组,比较预后良好和预后不良患者入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、PCⅢ、LN、CⅣ水平;分析入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、PCⅢ、LN、CⅣ水平联合检测对CHB肝纤维化患者预后不良的预测价值。结果研究组入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ高于对照组(P<0.05);不同肝纤维化分期、炎症活动分级CHB肝纤维化患者入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ比较:S1<S2<S3<S4、G1<G2<G3<G4,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ水平与肝纤维化分期、炎症活动分级均呈正相关(P<0.05)。预后良好患者入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ水平均低于预后不良患者(P<0.05);入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ水平联合预测肝纤维化患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)优于各指标单一检测(P<0.05)。结论CHB肝纤维化患者入院时血清TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、HA、PCⅢ、LN、CⅣ水平均呈现高表达,且与肝纤维化分期、炎症活动分级密切相关,其联合检测对CHB肝纤维化患者预后有较高的预测价值,可用于评估CHB肝纤维化患者病情严重程度和预后,为制定针对性治疗措施提供参考。

点阵CO_(2)激光联合A型肉毒毒素治疗HS的临床疗效及对患者血清TNF-α、TGF-β_(1)和MMP-9水平的影响

目的:观察点阵CO_(2)激光联合A型肉毒毒素(Botulinum toxin A,BTXA)治疗增生性瘢痕(Hypertrophics cars,HS)的临床疗效及其对患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、转化生长因子β_(1)蛋白(Transforming growth factor-β_(1)protein,TGF-β_(1))和基质金属蛋白酶9(Matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)水平的影响。方法:选取2019年2月-2020年3月本院收治的HS患者50例,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各25例。对照组接受点阵CO_(2)激光治疗,观察组接受点阵CO_(2)激光联合BTXA治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)评分、视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)、数字评分法(Numeric rating scales,NRS)、瘢痕面积、瘢痕厚度以及血清TNF-α、TGF-β_(1)、MMP-9水平变化,并记录不良反应发生情况,比较不良反应总发生率。结果:治疗前,两组患者VSS评分、VAS评分、NRS评分、瘢痕面积及瘢痕厚度无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗后6个月,两组患者VSS评分、VAS评分、NRS评分、瘢痕面积及瘢痕厚度显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组患者血清TNF-α、TGF-β_(1)、MMP-9水平无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗后1个月,两组患者血清TNF-α、TGF-β_(1)、MMP-9水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者不良反应总发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:点阵CO_(2)激光联合BTXA治疗HS疗效显著,能够明显降低VSS评分,减轻患者的痛苦及瘙痒程度,降低患者血清TNF-α、TGF-β_(1)和MMP-9水平,安全性高。

血清LTBP2、TM4SF1在大肠癌患者预后评估中的研究

目的探讨血清转化生长因子结合蛋白2(LTBP2)、四次跨膜蛋白1(TM4SF1)在大肠癌患者预后评估中的意义。方法将南阳市中心医院2016年7月至2019年7月手术治疗的大肠癌患者108例作为试验组,同期108例健康体检者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测两组血清LTBP2、TM4SF1水平;比较不同血清LTBP2和TM4SF1表达水平的大肠癌患者临床资料的差异;采用免疫组化染色法分析大肠癌组织中LTBP2、TM4SF1的表达;Pearson相关分析明确血清LTBP2和TM4SF1表达的相关性;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清LTBP2和TM4SF1联合评估大肠癌患者预后的价值。结果试验组血清LTBP2和TM4SF1水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),二者表达水平呈正相关(r=0.305,P<0.05),大肠癌组织LTBP2和TM4SF1表达阳性率高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。肿瘤直径>5cm、肿瘤低分化、有淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有脉管瘤栓的大肠癌患者血清LTBP2和TM4SF1表达水平高于患者肿瘤直径≤5 cm、肿瘤中高分化、无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无脉管瘤栓的大肠癌患者(P<0.05)。血清LTBP2、TM4SF1联合预测大肠癌患者预后不良的AUC为0.886。结论大肠癌患者血清LTBP2和TM4SF1水平升高,二者联合对大肠癌患者预后不良具有较好的预测价值。

褐藻聚合酚下调TGF-β_(1)/Smads信号通路抑制大肠癌细胞增殖与侵袭

目的探讨褐藻聚合酚(PFFE-A)对大肠癌细胞增殖与侵袭的影响,以及其对转化生长因子β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))及母体抗生物皮肤生长因子同源物2/3(Smad2/3)通路的调控作用。方法细胞分组:依次以50、100、150μmol·L-1的小、中、大剂量的PFFE-A干预细胞,另设立正常对照组细胞。5-乙炔基-2'脱氧尿苷(EdU)染色检测细胞的增殖;Transwell小室检测细胞的侵袭能力;异种种植结肠癌裸鼠模型检测细胞的体内生长与转移能力;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测细胞中上皮间质转化(EMT)相关基因的表达;Western blotting检测细胞中TGF-β_(1)、p-Smad2/3的表达水平。结果与正常对照组比较,PFFE-A小、中、大剂量组细胞的增殖率、侵袭细胞数、肿瘤瘤体质量、病灶转移比例、神经型钙黏附蛋白(N-cadherin)的mRNA的表达、TGF-β_(1)和p-Smad2/3的表达明显下降(P<0.05),E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的mRNA的表达明显升高(P<0.05),具有明显的剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论PFFE-A能抑制肿瘤细胞的EMT过程,抑制大肠癌细胞HT29的体外增殖与侵袭能力,下调其体内生长与转移的能力,这可能是通过下调TGF-β_(1)/Smads信号实现的。

点阵CO_(2)激光联合曲安奈德和氟尿嘧啶治疗病理性瘢痕疗效观察

目的:探讨点阵CO_(2)激光联合曲安奈德和氟尿嘧啶混合液注射治疗病理性瘢痕的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将2018年9月-2020年9月笔者医院收治的30例病理性瘢痕患者以随机数字表法分为3组,每组各10例。对照1组行瘢痕内注射曲安奈德和氟尿嘧啶混合液治疗;对照2组行点阵CO_(2)激光治疗;观察组行点阵CO_(2)激光联合瘢痕内注射曲安奈德和氟尿嘧啶混合液治疗。对比分析三组治疗1个月、2个月及3个月后瘢痕评分(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)、痛痒觉评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS),治疗前后转化生长因子-β_(1)(Transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))水平及复发率。结果:三组患者均完成了治疗疗程。随着时间的增加三组VAS评分均逐步降低。治疗3个月时观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着时间的增加三组VSS评分均逐步降低,表现为三组VSS评分治疗前>治疗1个月>治疗2个月>治疗3个月,治疗2个月及治疗后3个月观察组VSS评分均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组治疗后血清TGF-β_(1)水平均降低,治疗后观察组血清TGF-β_(1)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用点阵CO_(2)激光联合曲安奈德和氟尿嘧啶混合液瘢痕内注射治疗病理性瘢痕疗效更好,安全性较高,值得临床推广。