Changes in liver structure are an important issue in chronic hepatopathies.Until the end of the 20 th century,these changes could only be determined by histological analyses of a liver specimen obtained via biopsy.The...Changes in liver structure are an important issue in chronic hepatopathies.Until the end of the 20 th century,these changes could only be determined by histological analyses of a liver specimen obtained via biopsy.The well-known limitations of this technique(i.e.,pain,bleeding and the need for sedation) have precluded its routine use in follow-up of patients with liver diseases.However,the introduction of non-invasive technologies,such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging,for measurement of liver stiffness as an indirect marker of fibroses has changed this situation.Today,several noninvasive tools are available to physicians to estimate the degree of liver fibrosis by analysing liver stiffness.This review describes the currently available tools for liver stiffness determination that are applicable to follow-up of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis with established clinical use in children,and discusses their features in comparison to the "historical" tools.展开更多
目的探讨小儿一过性意识丧失(transient loss of consciousness,TLOC)的病因、临床特征及鉴别诊断。方法收集2013年1月至2014年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊就诊或住院的106例TLOC患儿的临床资料,对其病因及临床特征进行分析总结...目的探讨小儿一过性意识丧失(transient loss of consciousness,TLOC)的病因、临床特征及鉴别诊断。方法收集2013年1月至2014年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊就诊或住院的106例TLOC患儿的临床资料,对其病因及临床特征进行分析总结。结果 106例患儿中,晕厥型89例(84.0%),非晕厥型17例(16.0%)。在晕厥型中,直立不耐受(orthostatic intolerance,OI)42例(39.6%),心源性晕厥(cardiac syncope,CS)16例(15.1%),境遇性晕厥1例(0.9%),不明原因晕厥30例(28.3%);在非晕厥型中,神经源性疾病5例(4.7%),心因性疾病10例(9.4%),代谢性疾病2例(1.9%)。92.9%(39/42)的OI有诱因及先兆,59.5%(25/42)意识丧失<1 min,26.2%(11/42)存在晕厥家族史。CS起病急剧,56.3%(9/16)CS在劳累时诱发,100%(16/16)心电图异常,住院期间死亡3例。10例心因性疾病中8例有明确的诱因,7例意识丧失>10 min。结论 OI是儿童TLOC最常见病因,具有明显临床特征,诊断过程中首先需排除CS,其次应注意与心因性假性晕厥及癫痫相鉴别。展开更多
目的：探讨儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的磁共振诊断价值。方法分析23例儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的磁共振影像资料，所有患儿行横断位T2 WI＋FS、T1 WI ，冠状位用 T2 WI＋ FS、T1 WI ，采用常规自旋及快速自旋回波序列。结果23例患儿共28侧...目的：探讨儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的磁共振诊断价值。方法分析23例儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的磁共振影像资料，所有患儿行横断位T2 WI＋FS、T1 WI ，冠状位用 T2 WI＋ FS、T1 WI ，采用常规自旋及快速自旋回波序列。结果23例患儿共28侧髋关节发病，18例为单侧发病，5例为双侧，所有病变髋关节不同程度关节积液，T 2 W I上表现为关节腔内片状、带状高信号影，T1 WI上呈低信号，6侧关节滑膜增厚，4侧关节周围软组织肿胀，所有患侧股骨头骨骺、干骺端及髋臼骨质正常。6例治疗2～5周后复查，基本恢复正常。结论磁共振对儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的诊断安全、可靠，在诊断与鉴别诊断上具有很高的价值。展开更多
文摘Changes in liver structure are an important issue in chronic hepatopathies.Until the end of the 20 th century,these changes could only be determined by histological analyses of a liver specimen obtained via biopsy.The well-known limitations of this technique(i.e.,pain,bleeding and the need for sedation) have precluded its routine use in follow-up of patients with liver diseases.However,the introduction of non-invasive technologies,such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging,for measurement of liver stiffness as an indirect marker of fibroses has changed this situation.Today,several noninvasive tools are available to physicians to estimate the degree of liver fibrosis by analysing liver stiffness.This review describes the currently available tools for liver stiffness determination that are applicable to follow-up of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis with established clinical use in children,and discusses their features in comparison to the "historical" tools.
文摘目的探讨小儿一过性意识丧失(transient loss of consciousness,TLOC)的病因、临床特征及鉴别诊断。方法收集2013年1月至2014年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊就诊或住院的106例TLOC患儿的临床资料,对其病因及临床特征进行分析总结。结果 106例患儿中,晕厥型89例(84.0%),非晕厥型17例(16.0%)。在晕厥型中,直立不耐受(orthostatic intolerance,OI)42例(39.6%),心源性晕厥(cardiac syncope,CS)16例(15.1%),境遇性晕厥1例(0.9%),不明原因晕厥30例(28.3%);在非晕厥型中,神经源性疾病5例(4.7%),心因性疾病10例(9.4%),代谢性疾病2例(1.9%)。92.9%(39/42)的OI有诱因及先兆,59.5%(25/42)意识丧失<1 min,26.2%(11/42)存在晕厥家族史。CS起病急剧,56.3%(9/16)CS在劳累时诱发,100%(16/16)心电图异常,住院期间死亡3例。10例心因性疾病中8例有明确的诱因,7例意识丧失>10 min。结论 OI是儿童TLOC最常见病因,具有明显临床特征,诊断过程中首先需排除CS,其次应注意与心因性假性晕厥及癫痫相鉴别。
文摘目的：探讨儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的磁共振诊断价值。方法分析23例儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的磁共振影像资料，所有患儿行横断位T2 WI＋FS、T1 WI ，冠状位用 T2 WI＋ FS、T1 WI ，采用常规自旋及快速自旋回波序列。结果23例患儿共28侧髋关节发病，18例为单侧发病，5例为双侧，所有病变髋关节不同程度关节积液，T 2 W I上表现为关节腔内片状、带状高信号影，T1 WI上呈低信号，6侧关节滑膜增厚，4侧关节周围软组织肿胀，所有患侧股骨头骨骺、干骺端及髋臼骨质正常。6例治疗2～5周后复查，基本恢复正常。结论磁共振对儿童一过性髋关节滑膜炎的诊断安全、可靠，在诊断与鉴别诊断上具有很高的价值。
