Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German c...Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.展开更多
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widely distributed and destructive fungal diseases worldwide. Since 1995, most Chinese wheat cultivars have lost their stripe rust r...Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widely distributed and destructive fungal diseases worldwide. Since 1995, most Chinese wheat cultivars have lost their stripe rust resistance due to the subsequent emergence of the new races CYR30, CYR31, CYR32, and CYR33 （Han et al., 2010）. Therefore, it is necessary to seek effective resistance genes and develop new resistance germ- plasm for wheat resistance breeding.展开更多
Ug99, also designated as TFKSK, is a race of Puccinia graminis Pers.：Pers f. sp. tn＇tici Eriks. and E. Henn （Pgt） with broad virulence to wheat. It is the first known Pgt race possessing virulence to Sr31, a stem ...Ug99, also designated as TFKSK, is a race of Puccinia graminis Pers.：Pers f. sp. tn＇tici Eriks. and E. Henn （Pgt） with broad virulence to wheat. It is the first known Pgt race possessing virulence to Sr31, a stem rust resistance （Sr） gene deployed in wheat varieties world- wide （Singh et al., 2011 ）. Since the first detection of TFKSK in 1998, a total of 13 Ug99 variants have been identified in several African countries.展开更多
【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调...【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771785)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi, China (2018ZDXM-NY-006)。
文摘Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.
基金supported by the grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2011AA100102)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-EW-N-02)
文摘Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widely distributed and destructive fungal diseases worldwide. Since 1995, most Chinese wheat cultivars have lost their stripe rust resistance due to the subsequent emergence of the new races CYR30, CYR31, CYR32, and CYR33 （Han et al., 2010）. Therefore, it is necessary to seek effective resistance genes and develop new resistance germ- plasm for wheat resistance breeding.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2014DFA31540)Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. SAJC201305)the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Cornell University for the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) Project
文摘Ug99, also designated as TFKSK, is a race of Puccinia graminis Pers.：Pers f. sp. tn＇tici Eriks. and E. Henn （Pgt） with broad virulence to wheat. It is the first known Pgt race possessing virulence to Sr31, a stem rust resistance （Sr） gene deployed in wheat varieties world- wide （Singh et al., 2011 ）. Since the first detection of TFKSK in 1998, a total of 13 Ug99 variants have been identified in several African countries.
文摘【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。
