自适应聚类的图像块分级DCT混合数模无线传输方法

提出了一种新颖的混合数模无线传输方法来实现高质量的图像传输。首先,从原始图像中减去先下采样后上采样的图像来得到残差层图像。其次,提出了一种自适应聚类的块分级离散余弦变换算法来有效去除残差层图像像素之间的相关性。最后,提出了一种基于图像块等级的不等功率分配策略来进一步提升接收端的图像质量。大量的实验结果表明,所提方法在定性评估和定量度量两方面都明显优于现有较成功的混合数模图像无线传输方法。

一种抗屏摄攻击的DCT域深度水印方法

数字水印技术在多媒体保护方面发挥着巨大的作用,实际应用需求的变更推动了数字水印技术的发展。目前,基于深度学习的水印技术在鲁棒性上有了较大的提升,但水印的嵌入基本在空域进行,载体图像的失真仍然比较明显。此外,现有方法在面对摄屏攻击时效果不佳。为解决上述问题,提出了一种抗屏摄攻击的DCT域深度水印方法。该模型由DCT层、编码器、解码器和屏摄模拟层组成。DCT层将图像的Y分量转换为DCT域,然后编码器通过端到端训练修改DCT系数,将秘密消息嵌入到图像中。这种频域嵌入方法使得水印信息能够分布到图像的整个空间,从而减少了失真效应。此外,还提出了一个噪声层,用于模拟屏摄过程中特殊的摩尔纹和反光效果。训练过程分为两个阶段:在第一阶段,编码器和解码器进行端到端的训练;而在第二阶段,屏摄模拟层和传统的失真攻击被用来增强水印图像,然后使用失真水印图像来进一步优化解码器。大量的实验结果表明,该模型具有较高的透明度和鲁棒性,并且在屏摄鲁棒性方面优于其他方法。

基于DCT和维纳滤波的图像PRNU匿名算法

随着智能手机和社交媒体的普及,图像隐私引起的公共安全问题受到了广泛关注。犯罪分子可利用图像信息来侵犯他人隐私,从而进行恶意跟踪和诈骗勒索等活动。针对该问题,本研究从抑制图像源相机识别能力的角度提出了一种新的光响应非均匀性(photo response non uniformity,PRNU)匿名算法,以降低图像被恶意使用的风险。算法首先对图像进行分块,并将离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)和维纳滤波相结合,对图像高频分量进行滤波处理。通过实验发现,迭代维纳滤波可以显著提高匿名算法的效率。将算法在MICHE-I数据集和UBIPR虹膜数据集中进行测试,结果表明,算法能够保证图像质量不受显著影响,并且视觉质量因子平均提高3 dB,有效地抑制了图像溯源能力,保留图像生物特征,并达到了较好的匿名效果,保证了大众隐私安全。

4DCT成像与重建方法综述

本文概述过去20多年四维CT(4DCT)相关成像技术的发展,对4DCT的概念、扫描模式以及重建算法做了比较详细的介绍。文章归纳总结4DCT的5大类重建算法,评估各类算法的优势、劣势和关键技术问题,并对主要文献中的重建方法进行统计分析,拟展示目前4DCT重建算法的研究方向和未来的发展趋势。

基于STB对DCT 4阶降挡的性能优化研究

DCT的换挡是由拨叉的预挂挡控制和离合器的换挡控制两部分组成。在动力降挡过程中,预挂挡的挂挡时间较长,且对应的离合器转矩必须降为零才能开始执行挂挡过程,在某些工况下会因为等待预挂挡造成整个换挡过程的延时,进而影响整车的加速响应,这种现象在同轴动力降挡过程中表现尤其明显。为了优化某DCT车型的4阶降挡性能,提出基于STB来优化换挡时间和提升动力响应。STB是应用于DCT的一种半动力中断的换挡方式,本文对STB的整个换挡过程与正常换挡过程做了具体的对比说明,详述其优缺点。为了弥补STB换挡会有短暂动力中断的缺陷,设计了一整套控制策略。一方面开发了针对性的Kick Down逻辑,并采用与之对应的换挡规律,因此控制多阶降挡出现的时机,让4阶降挡仅在Kick Down时触发;另一方面采用开环算法将换挡过程中的发动机转速控制转化为时间控制,当预挂挡挂上并充油完毕时,发动机转速正好达到同步。经过实车上进行对比验证,STB换挡大幅缩短了4阶降挡的换挡时间,整车动力响应得到了明显优化。

三维DWT-DCT混合域和改进QIM的遥感影像水印方案

针对传统的频率域水印算法依赖于特定变换算法的稳定性,鲁棒性不够全面,且水印嵌入对数据的扰动情况往往被忽略,很难适用于高精度和高应用要求的遥感影像的问题,该文采用混合频率域的策略,设计了一种强鲁棒性的遥感影像水印方案。该方案结合遥感影像多波段、大数据量等特征,采用三维离散小波变换(DWT)对遥感影像进行分解,并结合离散余弦变换(DCT)对DWT低频系数进行水印嵌入域的挖掘。在水印嵌入阶段,采用压缩重构和细化调制步长的方式改进量化索引调制(QIM),使得在相同水印嵌入量的情况下降低对影像的扰动。实验结果表明,提出的水印方案不仅对遥感影像的数据质量影响很小,且对噪声、滤波、裁剪、压缩以及几何等攻击均表现出较好的鲁棒性,可以为高精度遥感影像质量保持提供技术参考。

Real-Time 4-Mode MDM Transmission Using Commercial 400G OTN Transceivers and All-Fiber Mode Multiplexers

Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Papillomavirus in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most widespread sexually transmitted infection in the world. Today, there is growing evidence that HPV can be transmitted early in life, and one potential route is mother-to-child transmission. Data on this route of HPV transmission are scarce in Africa and particularly in Burkina Faso, where no data on the subject are yet available. The aim of our study was to estimate the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HPV infection and to identify circulating genotypes. Methodology: Cervico-uterine samples were collected from 100 full-term pregnant women and, buccal samples were obtained from their newborns at Hopital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO) by the specialist physician. HPV DNA amplification and genotyping were performed by PCR followed by hybridization using the HPV Direct Flow Chips kit, detecting 36 genotypes including 18 high-risk and 18 low-risk. Results: The prevalence of HPV in newborns was 8% (8/100). Six (6) HPV-positive neonates had HPV-positive mothers, while 2 HPV-positive neonates had HPV-negative mothers. The vertical transmission rate was 26.09% (6/23). Mother-newborn genotypes were concordant. However, the genotype profile of the newborns was more restricted than that of the mothers. Conclusion: HPV DNA was found in 8% of newborns in our study. The genotype profile of the mother-newborn pair was concordant. Asymptomatic HPV infection in a pregnant woman could constitute a risk factor for vertical transmission.

Double random number encryption blind watermarking technique based on DWT-DCT domain

Blind watermarking plays a significant role in copyright protection and information hiding.To enhance the security of watermark image information,a dual encryption method is proposed,which combines block shuffling with Logistic chaos encryption using two sets of random numbers as keys.This dual encryption technique is applied to blind watermark images,utilizing a combination of discrete wavelet transform(DWT)and discrete cosine transform(DCT)as the embedding method.First,the watermark image is divided into small blocks,which are shuffled and rearranged using one set of random numbers as the key,while recording the shuffling sequence of block positions.Subsequently,the shuffled blocks are reassembled into an image,and another set of random numbers is used as the key for Logistic chaos encryption,rendering the watermark image chaotically invisible.Then,a double DWT is applied to the carrier image,followed by a DCT,allowing the encrypted watermark image to be embedded.This achieves the concealment of the blind watermark.Experimental results demonstrate that this method exhibits robustness,excellent invisibility,and secrecy.

基于视觉密码和DCT-SVD彩色图像水印技术

本文提出了一种基于视觉密码和DCT-SVD的彩色图像水印算法,通过视觉密码方案将彩色秘密水印图像拆分成3份与彩色秘密水印图像等大小的分享份图像,并利用待标记图像、水印图像和密钥生成验证信息和测试图像。由版权所有者提供水印图像和验证信息,密钥交由图像所有者保存。当要验证图像所有者的所有权时,会要求图像所有者提供密钥,结合密钥、测试图像和验证信息便可生成水印,若密钥正确,生成的水印可识别为原始水印。将其中一份分享份图像利用DCT-SVD水印算法嵌入到载体图像中并进行攻击测试,利用数字水印的提取算法将分享份图像从遭受常见攻击的载体图像中提取出来,与剩余分享份进行叠加恢复秘密水印图像。实验结果表明,水印具有良好的不可感知性和鲁棒性。

Effects of cross-Kerr coupling on transmission spectrum of double-cavity optomechanical system

We theoretically study the transmission spectrum of the cavity field in a double-cavity optomechanical system with cross-Kerr(CK) effect. The system consists of two tunneling coupling optomechanical cavities with a mechanical resonator as a coupling interface. By doping CK medium into the mechanical resonator, CK couplings between the cavity fields and the mechanical resonator are introduced. We investigate the effects of CK coupling strength on the transmission spectrum of the cavity field, including the transmission rate, nonreciprocity and four-wave mixing(FWM). We find that the transmission spectrum of the probe field can show two obvious transparent windows, which can be widened by increasing the CK coupling strength. For the transmission between the two cavity fields, the perfect nonreciprocity and reciprocity are present and modulated by CK coupling and phase difference between two effective optomechanical couplings. In addition, the effects of the optomechanical and CK couplings on FWM show that the single peak of FWM is split into three symmetrical peaks due to the introduction of the CK effect.

An Encode-and CRT-Based Scalability Scheme for Optimizing Transmission in Blockchain

Blockchain technology has witnessed a burgeoning integration into diverse realms of economic and societal development.Nevertheless,scalability challenges,characterized by diminished broadcast efficiency,heightened communication overhead,and escalated storage costs,have significantly constrained the broad-scale application of blockchain.This paper introduces a novel Encode-and CRT-based Scalability Scheme(ECSS),meticulously refined to enhance both block broadcasting and storage.Primarily,ECSS categorizes nodes into distinct domains,thereby reducing the network diameter and augmenting transmission efficiency.Secondly,ECSS streamlines block transmission through a compact block protocol and robust RS coding,which not only reduces the size of broadcasted blocks but also ensures transmission reliability.Finally,ECSS utilizes the Chinese remainder theorem,designating the block body as the compression target and mapping it to multiple modules to achieve efficient storage,thereby alleviating the storage burdens on nodes.To evaluate ECSS’s performance,we established an experimental platformand conducted comprehensive assessments.Empirical results demonstrate that ECSS attains superior network scalability and stability,reducing communication overhead by an impressive 72% and total storage costs by a substantial 63.6%.

Variational Learned Talking-Head Semantic Coded Transmission System

Video transmission requires considerable bandwidth,and current widely employed schemes prove inadequate when confronted with scenes featuring prominently.Motivated by the strides in talkinghead generative technology,the paper introduces a semantic transmission system tailored for talking-head videos.The system captures semantic information from talking-head video and faithfully reconstructs source video at the receiver,only one-shot reference frame and compact semantic features are required for the entire transmission.Specifically,we analyze video semantics in the pixel domain frame-by-frame and jointly process multi-frame semantic information to seamlessly incorporate spatial and temporal information.Variational modeling is utilized to evaluate the diversity of importance among group semantics,thereby guiding bandwidth resource allocation for semantics to enhance system efficiency.The whole endto-end system is modeled as an optimization problem and equivalent to acquiring optimal rate-distortion performance.We evaluate our system on both reference frame and video transmission,experimental results demonstrate that our system can improve the efficiency and robustness of communications.Compared to the classical approaches,our system can save over 90%of bandwidth when user perception is close.

A semantic segmentation-based underwater acoustic image transmission framework for cooperative SLAM

With the development of underwater sonar detection technology,simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)approach has attracted much attention in underwater navigation field in recent years.But the weak detection ability of a single vehicle limits the SLAM performance in wide areas.Thereby,cooperative SLAM using multiple vehicles has become an important research direction.The key factor of cooperative SLAM is timely and efficient sonar image transmission among underwater vehicles.However,the limited bandwidth of underwater acoustic channels contradicts a large amount of sonar image data.It is essential to compress the images before transmission.Recently,deep neural networks have great value in image compression by virtue of the powerful learning ability of neural networks,but the existing sonar image compression methods based on neural network usually focus on the pixel-level information without the semantic-level information.In this paper,we propose a novel underwater acoustic transmission scheme called UAT-SSIC that includes semantic segmentation-based sonar image compression(SSIC)framework and the joint source-channel codec,to improve the accuracy of the semantic information of the reconstructed sonar image at the receiver.The SSIC framework consists of Auto-Encoder structure-based sonar image compression network,which is measured by a semantic segmentation network's residual.Considering that sonar images have the characteristics of blurred target edges,the semantic segmentation network used a special dilated convolution neural network(DiCNN)to enhance segmentation accuracy by expanding the range of receptive fields.The joint source-channel codec with unequal error protection is proposed that adjusts the power level of the transmitted data,which deal with sonar image transmission error caused by the serious underwater acoustic channel.Experiment results demonstrate that our method preserves more semantic information,with advantages over existing methods at the same compression ratio.It also improves the error tolerance and packet loss resistance of transmission.

Inferring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Drug Resistance and Transmission using Whole-genome Sequencing in a High TB-burden Setting in China

Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China.However,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking.Methods A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns.Results A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated cases.Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<0.001.The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission.Despite the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023–1.954;P=0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains.Conclusion Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.

A Novel Fractional Dengue Transmission Model in the Presence of Wolbachia Using Stochastic Based Artificial Neural Network

The purpose of this research work is to investigate the numerical solutions of the fractional dengue transmission model(FDTM)in the presence of Wolbachia using the stochastic-based Levenberg-Marquardt neural network(LM-NN)technique.The fractional dengue transmission model(FDTM)consists of 12 compartments.The human population is divided into four compartments;susceptible humans(S_(h)),exposed humans(E_(h)),infectious humans(I_(h)),and recovered humans(R_(h)).Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-uninfected mosquito population is also divided into four compartments:aquatic(eggs,larvae,pupae),susceptible,exposed,and infectious.We investigated three different cases of vertical transmission probability(η),namely when Wolbachia-free mosquitoes persist only(η=0.6),when both types of mosquitoes persist(η=0.8),and when Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes persist only(η=1).The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Wolbachia in reducing dengue and presenting the numerical results by using the stochastic structure LM-NN approach with 10 hidden layers of neurons for three different cases of the fractional order derivatives(α=0.4,0.6,0.8).LM-NN approach includes a training,validation,and testing procedure to minimize the mean square error(MSE)values using the reference dataset(obtained by solving the model using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method(ABM).The distribution of data is 80% data for training,10% for validation,and,10% for testing purpose)results.A comprehensive investigation is accessible to observe the competence,precision,capacity,and efficiency of the suggested LM-NN approach by executing the MSE,state transitions findings,and regression analysis.The effectiveness of the LM-NN approach for solving the FDTM is demonstrated by the overlap of the findings with trustworthy measures,which achieves a precision of up to 10^(-4).

Dynamics of information diffusion and disease transmission in time-varying multiplex networks with asymmetric activity levels

While the interaction between information and disease in static networks has been extensively investigated,many studies have ignored the characteristics of network evolution.In this study,we construct a new two-layer coupling model to explore the interactions between information and disease.The upper layer describes the diffusion of disease-related information,and the lower layer represents the disease transmission.We then use power-law distributions to examine the influence of asymmetric activity levels on dynamic propagation,revealing a mapping relationship characterizing the interconnected propagation of information and diseases among partial nodes within the network.Subsequently,we derive the disease outbreak threshold by using the microscopic Markov-chain approach(MMCA).Finally,we perform extensive Monte Carlo(MC)numerical simulations to verify the accuracy of our theoretical results.Our findings indicate that the activity levels of individuals in the disease transmission layer have a more significant influence on disease transmission compared with the individual activity levels in the information diffusion layer.Moreover,reducing the damping factor can delay disease outbreaks and suppress disease transmission,while improving individual quarantine measures can contribute positively to disease control.This study provides valuable insights into policymakers for developing outbreak prevention and control strategies.

Review of the Configuration and Transient Stability of Large-scale Renewable Energy Generation through Hybrid DC Transmission

Based on the complementary advantages of Line Commutated Converter(LCC)and Modular Multilevel Converter(MMC)in power grid applications,there are two types of hybrid DC system topologies:one is the parallel connection of LCC converter stations and MMC converter stations,and the other is the series connection of LCC and MMC converter stations within a single station.The hybrid DC transmission system faces broad application prospects and development potential in large-scale clean energy integration across regions and the construction of a new power system dominated by new energy sources in China.This paper first analyzes the system forms and topological characteristics of hybrid DC transmission,introducing the forms and topological characteristics of converter-level hybrid DC transmission systems and system-level hybrid DC transmission systems.Next,it analyzes the operating characteristics of LCC and MMC inverter-level hybrid DC transmission systems,provides insights into the transient stability of hybrid DC transmission systems,and typical fault ride-through control strategies.Finally,it summarizes the networking characteristics of the LCC-MMC series within the converter station hybrid DC transmission system,studies the transient characteristics and fault ridethrough control strategies under different fault types for the LCC-MMC series in the receiving-end converter station,and investigates the transient characteristics and fault ride-through control strategies under different fault types for the LCC-MMC series in the sending-end converter station.

Characterization of local chemical ordering and deformation behavior in high entropy alloys by transmission electron microscopy

Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied locations.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex alloys.In this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of HEAs.By using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was clarified.Moreover,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

Semantic segmentation-based semantic communication system for image transmission

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the widespread use of the Internet of Things, semantic communication, as an emerging communication paradigm, has been attracting great interest. Taking image transmission as an example, from the semantic communication's view, not all pixels in the images are equally important for certain receivers. The existing semantic communication systems directly perform semantic encoding and decoding on the whole image, in which the region of interest cannot be identified. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic communication system for image transmission that can distinguish between Regions Of Interest (ROI) and Regions Of Non-Interest (RONI) based on semantic segmentation, where a semantic segmentation algorithm is used to classify each pixel of the image and distinguish ROI and RONI. The system also enables high-quality transmission of ROI with lower communication overheads by transmissions through different semantic communication networks with different bandwidth requirements. An improved metric θPSNR is proposed to evaluate the transmission accuracy of the novel semantic transmission network. Experimental results show that our proposed system achieves a significant performance improvement compared with existing approaches, namely, existing semantic communication approaches and the conventional approach without semantics.