Both transmural dispersion of repolarization and of refractoriness are poor predictors of arrhythmogenicity： a role for iCEB （QT/QRS）？

We read the original article by Nuis, et al. and the reply by Dogan, et al. with great interest. Nuis, et al. examined whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） in patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis led to changes in corrected QT dispersion （cQTD）, previously used to predict arrhythmic risk. Dogan, et al. proposed that a different marker, transmural dispersion of repolariza- tion （TDR）, has better accuracy in risk prediction.

Effect of Autonomic Nervous System on the Transmural Dispersion of Ventricular Repolarization in Intact Canine

The effect of the autonomic nerves on the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in intact canine was investigated. By using the monophasic action potential (MAP) recording technique, monophasic action potentials (MAPs) of the epicardium (Epi), midmyocardium (Mid) and endocardium (Endo) were recorded simultaneously by specially designed plunge needle electrodes at the left ventricular free wall in 12 open chest dogs. MAPD 90 and transmural dispersion of repolarization among three myocardial layers as well as the incidence of the EAD before autonomic nervous stimulation and during autonomic nervous stimulation were compared. The results showed that the MAPD 90 of Epi, Mid and Endo before autonomic nervous stimulation were 278±11 ms, 316±16 ms and 270±12 ms respectively, the MAPD 90 of Mid was significantly longer than that of Epi or Endo ( P <0.01). MAPD 90 of Epi, Mid and Endo were shortened by 19±4 ms, 45±6 ms, 18±3 ms respectively during sympathetic stimulation. Compared with that of the control, the transmural dispersion of repolarization during sympathetic stimulation was shortened from 44±4 ms to 15±3 ms ( P <0.01), but early afterdepolarizations were elicited in the Mid of 5 dogs (41 %) during sympathetic stimulation. Parasympathetic stimulation did not significantly affect the MAPD 90 in the three layers. It is concluded that there is the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in intact canine. Sympathetic stimulation can reduce transmural dispersion of repolarization, but it can produce early afterdepolarizations in the Mid. Parasympathetic stimulation does not significantly affect the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Autonomic Nervous System on the Transmural Dispersion of Ventricular Repolarization under Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Vivo

The effect of the autonomic nerves on the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization(TDR)under acute myocardial ischemia in intact canine was investigated.Using the monophasic action potential(MAP)recording technique,MAPs of the epicardium(Epi),midmyocardium(Mid)and endocardium(Endo)were recorded simultaneously by specially designed plunge-needle electrodes at the left ventricular free wall under acute myocardial ischemia in 12 open-chest dogs.MAPD 90 and TDR among three myocardial layers as well as the incidence of the early afterdepolarization(EAD)before autonomic nervous stimulation and during autonomic nervous stimulation were compared.It was found that 10 min after acute myocardial ischemia,TDR was increased from 55±8 ms to 86±15 ms during sympathetic stimulation(P<0.01).The TDR(53±9 ms)during parasympathetic stimulation was not significantly different from that of the control(55±8 ms)(P>0.05).The EAD was elicited in the Mid of 2 dogs(16%)10 min after acute myocardial ischemia,but the EAD were elicited in the Mid of 7 dogs(58%)during sympathetic stimulation(P<0.01).It was concluded that:(1)Sympathetic stimulation can increase the transmural dispersion of repolari-zation and induce early afterdepolarizations in the Mid under acute myocardial ischemia,which provide the opportunity for the ventricular arrhythmia developing;(2)Parasympathetic stimulation has no significant effect on the transmural dispersion of repolarization under myocardial ischemia.

Carvedilol suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in a pressure over-load rabbit model through relieving transmural dispersion of repolarization with long-term administration

Objective： To investigate the effects of carvedilol （CVD） on transmural dispersion of repolarization（TDR） and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods： Left ventricular hypertrophied（LVH） rabbit models were established by pressure over-load; All animal models were assigned into CVD group or LVH group randomly. The action potentials of endocardium, cpicardium and transmural ECG of arterially perfused left ventricular preparations were recorded concurrently. Action potential duration （APD）, TDR, ventricular arrhythmia and ultrasonic parameters, ratio of LVM to body weight （LVMI） were compared correspondingly. The stable plasma concentration of carvedilol in CVD group was detected by HPLC. APD, TDR and arrhythmia of LVH models were compared just preor post-perfusion with stable concentration of CVD. Results： In Contrast with values in LVH group, LVEFof CVD group were significantly elevated while the LVMI was remarkably reduced, TDRs were significantly shortened, and ratio of ventricular arrhythmia was lowered remarkably. No significant difference of APD, TDR and ratio of arrhythmia was found preor post-perfusion at stable plasma concentration of CVD. Conclusion： CVD can ameliorate the structure and function of pressure over-load ventricles; CVD contributes to the improvement of ventricular arrhythmia associated with its long-term effect on APD,TDR shortening ,whereas has nothing to do with its transient function on ionic channel blockade

A step forward parameter for the effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation： transmural dispersion of repolarization

We read the article ＂Effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on QT dispersion in patients with aortic stenosis＂ by Erkan, et al. with great interest. In this study, they investigated the effect of transcatheter aortie valve implantation （TAVI） on QT dispersion （QTd） in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis.

Novel conduction-repolarization indices for the stratification of arrhythmic risk

Sudden cardiac death （SCD） affects approximately 800,000 individuals per annum globally. It is most frequently due to cardiac tachy-arrhythmias, which include mono-morphic or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia （VT）, torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation （VF）. Risk stratification for SCD remains a challenging problem in clinical practice.

Effect of Calcium-Channel Antagonist on Repolarization Heterogeneity of Ventricular Myocardium in an in Vitro Rabbit Model of Long QT Syndrome

Intracellular Ca2＋ and Ca2＋-dependent signaling molecule play an essential role in the genesis of long-QT （LQT） syndrome-related ventricular arrhythmias. The effect of calcium-channel antagonist verapamil on repolarization heterogeneity of ventricular myocardium was assessed in an in vitro rabbit model of LQT syndrome. By using the monophasic action potential （MAP） recording technique, MAPs of epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium were simultaneously recorded by specially designed plunge-needle electrodes across the left ventricular free wall in rabbit hearts purfused by Langendorff method with standard Tyrode＇s solution. Bradycardia was induced by com- plete ablation of atrioventricular node. A catheter was introduced into the right ventricle to pace at the cycle lengths （CLs） of 1500, 1000, and 500 ms, successively. Quinidine （2 μmol/L） prolonged QT interval and ventricular MAP duration （MAPD）, and increased transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） in a reverse rate-dependent fashion in isolated rabbit heart. No polymorphic ventricular tachycardias were induced under this condition. The effective free therapeutic plasma concentrations of verapamil （0.01--0.05μmol/L） used in this experiment had no effect on quinidine-induced changes of QT interval, MAPD and TDR. This study demonstrated that, in this model of LQT syndrome, blockade of calcium-channel with verapmil had no effect on quinidine-induced changes of repolatiation heterogeneity of ventricular myocardium.

心肌桥合并冠心病患者的心电参数及预后研究

目的分析合并心肌桥对冠状动脉粥样硬化患者心电图参数及预后的影响,并确定可能指示患者心律失常增加风险的潜在标志物。方法回顾性收集于2016年1月至2021年12月期间于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院住院的经冠脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者,按入排标准进行筛选后,分为CAS+心肌桥组和CAS组,随访患者预后情况,采用二元Logistic回归分析法进行分析确定危险因素。结果与非心肌桥患者对照组相比,心肌桥组患者心电图标志物跨壁复极离散度(TDR)、Tpeak-Tend间期(T-pe)均降低,ST-T改变例数也较少。结论合并心肌桥的患者更不易发生心律失常,且对冠心病患者的预后并未造成负面影响。该研究提供了合并心肌桥的冠心病患者心电图指标变化的证据,提示心肌桥可能与心脏心律失常的风险降低存在联系,预防不良心脏事件的发生。

Effects of ramipril on ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction in rabbits

BACKGROUND： Ventricular arrhythmia （VA） is one of the most common complications of myocardial infarction （MI）, and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation are the main causes for sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to explore the effect of ramipril on the occurrence of VA and its mechanism after MI in rabbits. METHODS： Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits purchased from the Wuhan Laboratory Animal Research Center were divided into three groups： sham-operated （SHAM） group （n=8）, MI group （n=8） and MI with ramipril （RAM） group （n=8）. Rabbits in the SHAM group received a median sternotomy without ligation of the left ventricular coronary artery. Rabbits in the MI and RAM groups received a median sternotomy followed by ligation of the left coronary artery. The successful anterior MI was confirmed by elevation of the ST segment with more than 0.2 mV in lead II and II1. After MI, rabbits in the RAM group were fed with intragastric ramipril （1 mg/kg per day ） for 12 weeks. Before and 12 weeks after MI in the three groups, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation （VT/VF） episodes and MAP in cadiocytes of the epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium were recorded by a multichannel physiograph. Student＇s t test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS： VT/VF episodes were decreased more markedly in the RAM group than in the MI group after 12 weeks （2.6±0.8 vs. 12.±＋2.9, P〈0.05）. Twelve weeks after MI, the duration of repolarization for 90% （APD90） of three-tier ventricular myocytes in the MI group was longer than that before MI （258.2±21.1 vs. 230.1±23.2,278.0±23.8 vs. 245.8±25.4,242.6±22.7 vs. 227.0±21.7, P〈0.05）. However, the APD90 was not significantly different at 12 weeks before and after MI in the RAM group （P〉0.05）. Moreover, the transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） was increased more markedly 12 weeks after MI in the MI group than in the SHAM and RAM groups （36.2±10.2 vs. 18.7±6.2, 24.9±8.7, P〈0.05）. But the TDR was not significantly different between the RAM and SHAM groups （18.7±6.2 vs. 24.9±8.7, P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： Ramipril may reduce the incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmia via mprovement of transmembrance repolarization heterogeneity after MI.

Changes of Monophasic Action Potential Duration and Effective Refractory Period of Three Layers Myocardium of Canine during Acute Ischemia in Vivo

Summary： The effect of acute ischemia on the electrophysiological characteristics of the three layers myocardium of canine in vivo was investigated. Twelve canines were divided into two groups randomly： acute ischemia （AI） group and sham operation （SO） group. By using the monophasic action potential （MAP） technique, MAP and effective refractory period （ERP） of the three layers myocardium were measured by specially designed plunge needle electrodes and the transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） and transmural dispersion of ERP （TDE） were analyzed. The results showed that in the AI group, MAP duration （MAPD） was shortened from 201.67±21.42 ms to 169.50±13.81 ms （P〈0.05）, but ERP prolonged to varying degrees and TDE increased during ischemia. In the SO group, MAPD and ERP did not change almost. Among of the three layers myocardium of canine, MAPD was coincident in two groups. It was concluded that during acute ischemia, MAPD was shortened sharply, but there was no significant difference among of the three layers myocardium. The prolonged ERP was concomitant with increased TDE during acute ischemia, which may play an important role in the occurrence of arrhythmias induced by acute ischemia. These findings may have important implications in arrhythmogenesis.

KN-93, A CaMKⅡ Inhibitor, Suppresses Ventricular Arrhythmia Induced by LQT2 Without Decreasing TDR

Summary： Abnormal enhanced transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） plays an important role in the maintaining of the severe ventricular arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes （TDP） which can be induced in long-QT （LQT） syndrome. Taking advantage of an in vitro rabbit model of LQT2, we de- tected the effects of KN-93, a CaM-dependent kinase （CaMK） II inhibitor on repolarization heteroge- neity of ventricular myocardium. Using the monophasic action potential recording technique, the action potentials of epicardium and endocardium were recorded in rabbit cardiac wedge infused with hypo- kalemic, hypomagnesaemic Tyrode＇s solution. At a basic length （BCL） of 2000 ms, LQT2 model was successfully mimicked with the perfusion of 0.5 μmol/L E-4031, QT intervals and the interval from the peak of T wave to the end of T wave （Tp-e） were prolonged, and Tp-e/QT increased. Besides, TDR was increased and the occurrence rate of arrhythmias like EAD, R-on-T extrasystole, and TDP increased under the above condition. Pretreatment with KN-93 （0.5μmol/L） could inhibit EAD, R-on-T extrasys- tole, and TDP induced by E-4031 without affecting QT interval, Tp-e, and Tp-e/QT. This study demon- strated KN-93, a CaMK II inhibitor, can inhibit EADs which are the triggers of TDP, resulting in the suppression of TDP induced by LQT2 without affecting TDR.

稳心颗粒对家兔3层心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流的影响

目的研究步长稳心颗粒对家兔左心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响,探讨稳心颗粒抗心律失常的作用机制。方法应用全细胞膜片钳技术,分别记录稳心颗粒组和对照组家兔内层(Endo)、中层(M)和外层(Epi)心室肌细胞的Ito,观察稳心颗粒对家兔心室肌细胞Ito的影响。结果在测试电压+50 mV时,对照组Epi、M和Endo细胞的Ito分别为(4 235.7±953.2)pA(n=11)、(4 115.8±743.1)pA(n=11)和(2 730.2±524.6)pA(n=11),Endo细胞的Ito电流强度明显小于Epi和M细胞(P<0.01);稳心颗粒灌胃给药后家兔左心室肌Epi、M和Endo细胞的Ito电流强度分别为(4 806.4±1 381.8)pA(n=11)、(4 661.3±902.6)pA(n=11)和(4 072.9±1 234.9)pA(n=11),与对照组相比稳心颗粒可明显增加Endo细胞Ito的电流强度(P<0.01)。结论稳心颗粒增加Endo心室肌细胞Ito的电流强度,使心室的跨壁复极离散度(TDR)减小,这可能是其抗心律失常的重要机制之一。

心室不同部位起搏对正常犬和扩张型心肌病心力衰竭犬模型在体心肌跨室壁复极离散的影响

实验以正常犬和扩张型心肌病心力衰竭犬(dilated cardiomyopathy congestive heart failure,DCM-CHF)模型为对象、以心肌跨室壁复极离散的相关参数为指标,研究左心室心外膜起搏、双心室起搏(模拟临床上心室再同步治疗的方法)后的心肌电生理特性变化。实验以快速右心室起搏的方法制备DCM-CHF犬模型;正常犬和DCM-CHF犬均经射频消融希氏束制备三度房室传导阻滞模型;采用同步记录犬体表心电图和内膜下、中层、外膜下三层心肌单相动作电位(monophasic action potentials,MAP)的方法,测定不同部位起搏时的QT间期、Tpeak-Tend(Tp-Te)间期和三层心肌的单相动作电位时程(MAP duration,MAPD)、跨室壁复极离散度(transmural dispersion of repolaization,TDR)。结果显示:在正常犬,左室心外膜与双心室起搏后三层心肌的MAPD均延长,同时TDR增大(左室心外膜起搏47.16 ms、双心室起搏37.54 ms、右室心内膜起搏26.75 ms,P<0.001),体表心电图Tp-Te间期的变化与之平行;在DCM-CHF犬较正常犬已表现出中层心肌MAPD延长(276.30 ms vs 257.35 ms,P<0.0001)和TDR(33.8 ms vs 27.58 ms,P=0.002)增大的基础上,左室心外膜参与起搏后仍进一步使三层心肌的MAPD延长和TDR增大。研究结果提示,左室心外膜起搏和双心室起搏后使内膜下。

心力衰竭犬跨室壁心肌复极时间和不应期离散度的致心律失常机制研究

目的:从复极和不应期两个角度,观察不同部位起搏对心力衰竭犬三层心肌跨室壁复极和不应期离散度的影响及其可能的致心律失常机制。方法:正常犬8只和心力衰竭模型犬5只,模拟临床上充血性心力衰竭患者接受心脏再同步治疗的情况,分别从右心室心内膜、左心室心外膜和双心室发放刺激,在体记录和比较犬三层心肌的单相动作电位时程、不应期及其跨室壁离散度。在心力衰竭犬组,给予维拉帕米进行干预并重复上述实验。结果:心力衰竭犬三层心肌的动作电位时程与不应期均有延长,中层心肌动作电位时程延长最明显[(279.30±54.81)ms vs(270.03±57.58)ms,P<0.01],跨室壁复极离散显著增大[(29.80±25.67)ms vs(20.60±12.65)ms,P<0.01],不应期离散有所减小[(29.21±15.83)ms vs(31.25±20.83)ms,P>0.05];左心室心外膜和双心室刺激增加跨室壁复极离散度,但对跨室壁不应期离散度无明显影响;维拉帕米能在一定程度上延长中层和心外膜下心肌的动作电位时程与不应期,减小跨室壁复极和不应期离散[心力衰竭犬给予维拉帕米后(24.50±15.18)msvs正常犬(31.25±20.83)ms,P<0.05]。结论:心力衰竭犬跨室壁复极离散增大、不应期离散减小;维拉帕米减小心力衰竭犬跨室壁复极与不应期离散;左心室心外膜参与的起搏方式对心肌不应期无明显影响,但增大跨室壁复极离散,且这一效应不能被维拉帕米矫正。

瑞芬太尼对兔心肌动作电位及跨室壁复极离散度的影响

目的：观察瑞芬太尼对兔心肌动作电位及跨室壁复极离散度的影响。方法：成年家兔18只，体重2.0～2.5 kg，制备Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型，K-H液平衡灌注15 min后随机分为3组（n＝6）：正常对照组（C组）继续灌注37℃K-H液60 min；瑞芬太尼组（ R组）灌注含12μg／L瑞芬太尼的K-H液60 min；瑞芬太尼＋氨茶碱组（ RA组）灌注含12μg／L瑞芬太尼＋30 mg／L氨茶碱的K-H液60 min。记录平衡灌注15 min （ T0）、继续灌注15 min （ T1）、30 min （ T2）和60 min （ T3）时心率（ HR）和左心室前壁3层心肌单相动作电位（ MAP），计算单相动作电位复极90％的时程（ MAPD90）和跨室壁复极离散度（ TDR）。记录早期后除极、延迟后除极及心律失常的发生情况。结果：与T0比较，R组T1～T3时HR减慢，MAPD90延长，TDR增大（ P＜0.05）。与C组和RA组比较，R组HR减慢时，MAPD90延长，TDR增大（P＜0.05）。结论：瑞芬太尼减慢HR时，MAPD90延长，TDR增大，折返激动易于发生；氨茶碱增快HR，缩短MAPD90，从而使TDR减小。

胺碘酮应用后再使用伊布利特的室性心动过速发生情况及机制探讨

目的:研究胺碘酮与伊布利特联合应用对心肌室性心律失常的影响及机制.方法:新西兰大白兔35只,随机分配,分为A组:正常对照组、B组:含伊布利特质量浓度2 mg/L正常台式液灌流、C组:含伊布利特质量浓度2 mg/L低钾低镁台式液灌流、D组:含伊布利特质量浓度2 mg/L正常台式液灌流、E组:含伊布利特质量浓度2mg/L低钾低镁台式液灌流,每组7只.C组及D组实验前每日称量大白兔体质量,并根据体质量用电子天平称取质量分数50 mg/kg药粉,经灌胃针给予灌胃,每日1次,连续4周.实验时,每组大白兔均在麻醉后制作左室楔形心肌块,经左冠脉开口处灌流,记录内膜及外膜动作电位时程,计算出灌流前后跨壁复极离散(TDR)的改变,后给予程序刺激,观察室性心律失常发生情况.结果:单独使用伊布利特心肌TDR升高为(50.42±4.2)ms,较对照组的(41.7±15.3)ms明显升高(P<0.05).单独使用胺碘酮心肌TDR则降低为(16.8±3.3)ms,与对照组比较亦有显著差异.胺碘酮应用后再使用伊布利特心肌TDR改变为(27.22±5.1)ms,同样明显低于对照组TDR.而在低钾低镁环境下,单独使用伊布利特心肌TDR的升高则更为显著,达到(67.21±12.62)ms,而胺碘酮的降低心肌TDR的作用则与正常环境相同,为(16.8±3.3)ms.低钾低镁环境下胺碘酮应用后再使用伊布利特的心肌TDR为(32.21±5.2)ms,仍然明显低于对照组的心肌TDR水平.在观察室性心动过速的实验过程中,口服胺碘酮后再应用伊布利特,无论是在正常台式液环境还是低钾低镁台式液环境下,均无室速的发生,与在低钾低镁情况下单独使用伊布利特组中5只发生室速有明显差异(P<0.05).结论:口服胺碘酮后再使用伊布利特,可以减少依布利特单独使用时诱发的室性心律失常.

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者跨壁复极离散度变化及与室性心律失常的关系

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高的心肌梗死患者心室跨壁复极离散度(TDR)的变化和室性心律失常及自主神经功能障碍的关系。方法:急性ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(AMI)且未能接受成功血管再通治疗的患者129例(STEMI组)和正常对照36例(对照组)作为研究对象。比较2组以及STEMI组入院即刻、第2天、第3天校正的跨壁复极离散度值(TDRc);分析STEMI组24h窦性心搏RR间期的标准差(SDNN)值和入院即刻TDRc的相关性;将STEMI患者分为恶性室性心律失常(MVA)组和非MVA组,比较2组入院即刻的TDRc值。结果:(1)STEMI组的TDRc大于正常对照组(P<0.01),而STEMI组上述3个时段的TDRc值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)STEMI组TDRc值和SDNN呈负相关(r=-0.258,P<0.05)。(3)MVA组TDRc显著大于非MVA组(P<0.01)。(4)2例AMI患者住院期间死于心室纤颤,且均发生于MVA组。结论:自主神经功能失调参与了ST段抬高的AMI患者跨壁复极离散度扩增的形成。

缝隙连接Cx43在右美托咪定预防缺血-再灌注离体兔心复灌性心律失常中的作用

目的观察右美托咪定对离体家兔心缺血-再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,IR)损伤后心肌复极不均一性及Cx43表达的影响,探讨Cx43在右美托咪定抑制IR损伤心肌复极不均一性中的作用。方法健康成年家兔18只,体重(2.0±0.5)kg,成功制备Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,KH液平衡灌流15min后随机均分为三组,每组6只。空白对照组(C组):持续平衡灌注37℃K-H液150min;IR组:K-H液继续灌流15 min后停灌,注射4℃Thomas液10 ml/kg使心脏停搏60min,心脏周围用4℃Thomas液保护,30min半量复灌4℃Thomas液5ml/kg,60min时复灌K-H液;右美托咪定组(DEX组):于K-H液及Thomas液中加入右美托咪定25ng/ml,余同IR组。记录平衡灌流15min(T_0)、继续灌流15min(平衡30min,T_1)、复灌30min(平衡120min,T_2)、复灌60min(平衡150min,T_3)的HR及三层心肌(内膜、中膜、外膜)90%单相动作电位时程(MAPD90)并以此计算跨室壁复极离散度(transmural dispersion of repolarization,TDR),观察心脏复灌时心律失常发生情况、复跳时间,T_3时取左心室组织采用Western blot法、免疫组化法检测左室心肌组织Cx43的表达及分布。结果 DEX组复跳时间明显短于IR组(P<0.05);与T_0时比较,T_2、T_3时IR组、DEX组HR明显减慢,TDR明显增大(P<0.05);与IR组比较,T_1~T_3时DEX组HR明显减慢,T_2、T_3时DEX组TDR明显减小(P<0.05)。与C组比较,IR组、DEX组Cx43表达明显减少(P<0.05)且分布不均,且DEX组明显多于IR组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定抑制IR损伤后心肌复极不均一性,从而起到稳定IR损伤心肌心电传导,降低复灌性心律失常发生率的作用,其机制可能与右美托咪定抑制缝隙连接失偶联、抑制Cx43表达减少及分布紊乱有关。

药物致尖端扭转型室性心动过速的发生机制

目的探讨药物致尖端扭转型室性心动过速(Tdp)的发生机制。方法建立冠状动脉灌注的犬左室心肌楔形组织块模型,同步记录左心室内膜、中层、外膜心肌细胞的动作电位及跨壁心电图,观察不同浓度D-Sotalol对动作电位时间(APD)、QT间期、跨壁复极离散度(TDR)、早期后除极(EAD)及Tdp发生的影响。结果浓度为0～100μmol/L的D-Sotalol呈剂量依赖性地延长各层细胞APD,尤以中层细胞最为显著(P<0.05),因而增加TDR;D-Sotalol在中层细胞可诱发EAD,触发室性早博并形成跨壁折返导致Tdp。结论 D-Sotalol在中层细胞诱发EAD、R on T室性早博是其致Tdp的始动因子,在TDR增加的基础上形成跨室壁折返是Tdp得以维持的关键。

普伐他汀对兔急性心肌缺血室性心律失常的影响

目的观察普伐他汀对兔急性心肌缺血室性心律失常的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法将36只家兔随机分为对照组、缺血再灌组和普伐他汀组,每组各12只。制备冠脉灌流的兔左心室楔形心肌块的灌注模型,采用浮置玻璃微电极法同步记录楔形心肌块心内膜、心外膜心肌细胞跨膜动作电位和跨室壁心电图。观察各组缺血30 min和再灌注15 min时的QT间期和内、外膜心肌细胞跨膜动作电位时程以及跨室壁复极离散度(TDR),同时记录各组缺血和再灌注时室性心律失常的诱发率。结果①缺血状态下缺血再灌组较对照组TDR和心律失常的诱发率显著增加(均P<0.01),普伐他汀组和缺血再灌组与对照组相比,TDR和心律失常的诱发率显著减少(均P<0.05),对照组、缺血再灌组和普伐他汀组室性心律失常的诱发率分别为0/12、9/12、2/12。②再灌注状态下缺血再灌组和普伐他汀组TDR和室性心律失常的发生率差异均无显著性意义(均P>0.05)。结论普伐他汀可显著降低兔急性缺血心肌跨室壁复极离散度和室性心律失常发生率,并能够改善缺血心肌的各项异常电生理指标。