Fabrication of UV-Curing Linalool-Polysiloxane Hybrid Films with High Refractive Index and Transparency

In this article,a series of high refractive indices(1.50-1.53)thiol phenyl polysiloxane(TPS)were synthesized via hydrolytic sol-gel reaction.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra(NMR)results showed that TPS conformed to the predicted structures.Natural terpene linalool was exploited as photocrosslinker to fabricate UV-curing linalool-polysiloxane hybrid films(LPH)with TPS via photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction.LPH rapidly cured under UV irradiation at the intensity of 80 mW/cm^(2) in 30 s,exhibiting good UV-curing properties.The optical transmittance of LPH in the wavelength of 300-800 nm was over 90%,exhibiting good optical transparency.The water contact angle and water vapor permeability results showed that the introduction of phenyl groups enhance the hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties of LPH.The results indicated the potential of LPHs in the applications of optical functional coatings.

Effects of Different Raw Materials and Additions on Wave Transparency of Alumina Fiber Products

Fiber products for microwave kilns were prepared using alumina fibers with alumina contents of 72 mass%and 80 mass%,and calcined alumina powder(4-6μm)as the main raw materials,silica sol as the binder,and cationic starch as the flocculant.Effects of different raw materials and their additions on the wave transparency of fiber products were researched.The results show that as the alumina fiber(72%)addition increases,the heating rate of the samples first decreases and then increases,and the corresponding wave transparency of the sample first increases and then decreases.When the alumina fibers addition is 40 mass%and the alumina powder addition is 30 mass%,the prepared microwave kiln lining material has a higher mullite content,which improves the wave transparency of the sample.The sample prepared from alumina fibers with an alumina content of 80%has a suitable glass-mullite phase ratio,performs lower overall dielectric constant and good wave transparency,and is a suitable lining material for microwave kilns.

Tunable magnomechanically induced transparency and fast-slow light in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system

We theoretically explore the tunability of magnomechanically induced transparency(MMIT) phenomenon and fastslow light effect in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system in which a high-quality yttrium iron garnet(YIG) sphere and an atomic ensemble are placed inside a microwave cavity. In the probe output spectrum, we can observe magnoninduced transparency(MIT) and MMIT due to the photon-magnon and phonon-magnon couplings. We further investigate the effect of atomic ensemble on the absorption spectrum. The results show that better transparency can be obtained by choosing appropriate atomic ensemble parameters. We give an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the Fano resonance phenomenon. Moreover, we discuss phenomena of slow-light propagation. The maximum group delay increases significantly with the increasing atom–cavity coupling strength, and the conversion between slow light and fast light can also be achieved by adjusting the atom–cavity coupling strength. These results may have potential applications for quantum information processing and high precision measurements.

Satellite-observed significant improvement in nearshore transparency of the Bohai Sea during pollution control

The Bohai Sea(BS)is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China,characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input.In order to improve its water quality,a dedicated action named“Uphill Battles for Integrated Bohai Sea Management”(UBIBSM,2018–2020)was implemented by the Chinese government.To evaluate the action effectiveness toward water quality improvement,variability of the satelliteobserved water transparency(Secchi disk depth,Z_(SD))was explored,with special emphasis on the nearshore waters(within 20 km from the coastline)prone to terrestrial influence.(1)Compared to the status before the action began(2011–2017),majority(87.3%)of the nearshore waters turned clear during the action implementation period(2018–2020),characterized by the elevated Z_(SD)by 11.6%±12.1%.(2)Nevertheless,the improvement was not spatially uniform,with higher Z_(SD)improvement in provinces of Hebei,Liaoning,and Shandong(13.2%±16.5%,13.2%±11.6%,10.8%±10.2%,respectively)followed by Tianjin(6.2%±4.7%).(3)Bayesian trend analysis found the abrupt Z_(SD)improvement in April 2018,which coincided with the initiation of UBIBSM,implying the water quality response to pollution control.More importantly,the independent statistics of land-based pollutant discharge also indicated that the significant reduction of terrestrial pollutant input during the UBIBSM action was the main driver of observed Z_(SD)improvement.(4)Compared with previous pollution control actions in the BS,UBIBSM was found to be the most successful one during the past 20 years,in terms of transparency improvement over nearshore waters.The presented results proved the UBIBSM-achieved remarkable water quality improvement,taking the advantage of long-term consistent and objective data record from satellite ocean color observation.

Corrigendum to“Electromagnetically induced transparency via localized surface plasmon mode-assisted hybrid cavity QED”

We would like to point out the misprinted Fig.3 in our published paper[Chin.Phys.B 32,114205(2023)].Since only orders of subfigures need to be corrected and the main results of the published paper are correct,we present the correct figure in this corrigendum.

Electromagnetically induced transparency via localized surface plasmon mode-assisted hybrid cavity QED

In recent years, most studies have focused on the perfect absorption and high-efficiency quantum memory of the onesided system, ignoring the characteristics of its optical switching contrast. Thus, the performance of all-optical switching and optical transistors is limited. Herein, we propose a localized surface plasmon(LSP) mode-assisted cavity QED system which consists of a Λ-shaped three-level quantum emitter(QE), a metal nanoparticle and a one-sided optical cavity with a fully reflected mirror. In this system, the QE coherently couples to the cavity and LSP mode respectively, which is manipulated by the control field. As a result, considerably high and stable switch contrast of 90% can be achievable due to the strong confined field of the LSP mode and perfect absorption of the optical medium. In addition, we obtain a power dependent effect between the control field and the transmitted frequency as a result of the converted dark state. We employ the Heisenberg–Langevin equation and numerical master equation formalisms to explain high switching, controllable output light and the dark state. Our system introduces an effective method to improve the performance of optical switches based on the one-sided system in quantum information storage and quantum communication.

Dynamic light storage based on controllable electromagnetically induced transparency effect

We analytically and numerically investigate a signal light storing mechanism based on the controllable electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect.We demonstrate that the isolation between the waveguide and the cavities cannot be achieved instantly as soon as the two cavities are tuned into resonance,no matter the index tuning rate is ultrafast or slow.We also investigate the temporal evolution features of the intracavity energy when the pulse during time is prolonged.We find many periodical oscillations of the trapped energy in both cavities,and they are entirely complementary.Our analysis shows that the adiabatic wavelength conversion in both cavities and a phase difference π between them play critical roles in this phenomenon.

Electric field intensity measurement by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency of cold Rb Rydberg atoms

We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not need to be locked. Based on the Stark splitting of the Rb Rydberg state, 10D_(3/2), under electric fields and the corresponding calculated polarizabilities, the real electric field intensity is calculated using the difference in radio-frequency diffraction between two acousto-optic modulators, which acts as a frequency criterion that allows us to measure the electrical field without locking the coupling laser. The value measured by this simple method shows a good agreement with our previous work [Opt.Express 29 1558(2021)] where the frequency of the coupling laser needs to be locked with an additional EIT spectrum based on atom vapor and a proportional–integral–differential feedback circuit. Our presented method can also be extended to the measurement of electric field based on hot Rydberg atom vapor, which has application in industry.

Sympathetic electromagnetically induced transparency ground state cooling of a~(40)Ca^(+)–~(27)Al^(+)pair in an~(27)Al^(+)clock

We report on electromagnetically induced transparency cooling of ^(40)Ca^(+)to sympathetically cool the threedimensional secular modes of motion in a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)two-ion pair near the ground state.We observe simultaneous ground state cooling across all radial modes and axial modes of a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)ion pair,occupying a broader cooling range in frequency space over 3 MHz.The cooling time is observed to be less than 1 ms.The mean phonon number and heating rates of all motional modes are measured.This study is not only an important step for reducing the secular motion time-dilation shift uncertainty and uptime ratio of ^(27)Al^(+)optical clock,but also essential for high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum information processors using trapped ions.

Impacts of Transparency and Traceability on Fashion Supply Chain System

The level of fashion consumer awareness and communication regarding sustainable consumption is rising. Organizations are working to provide clarity and guidance on fashion consumption. Brands are experimenting with new materials and supply chain strategies, and suppliers are improving the manufacturing processes and quality of products. However, given the size and complexity of the industrial process, these efforts are not adequate in ensuring a sustainable fashion supply chain. Transparency and traceability in the fashion supply chain are needed to improve the fashion industry by supporting sustainable and ethical practices in the apparel supply chain. Key gaps include a lack of comprehensive and transparent information about how, where, and by whom materials are sourced, processed, and assembled;a lack of transparency in the supply chain practices and procedures affects the environment, working conditions, and human health. The industry has to build the capacity to manage its supply chain, more effectively and responsibly, by improving transparency and traceability as the top goals. So, in this context, the main purpose of this research paper is to study the impacts of transparency and traceability on the dimensions of sustainability in fashion supply chain. The researchers have applied descriptive research methods in which secondary data are collected and analyzed through a literature review of peer-reviewed research papers and the primary data are collected through the survey method by distributing a semi structured questionnaire. The data collected are analyzed using statistical tools and techniques. Finally, the results are discussed and presented.

Accounting for interaction in language test validation:Applying the competition-mediation-moderation(CMM)approach to enhance the transparency of test score interpretation

Interaction in language ability refers to the exchange of information across different predictors of language ability in determining language test performance.Although interaction has long been claimed to be an essential mechanism in the construct of language ability and language test validation,systematic investigations into this issue are rare in language testing research.The current study revisited the concept of interaction in language testing and proposes the competition-mediation-moderation(CMM)approach for inquiry in language test validation to enhance the transparency of test score interpretation.As a demonstration,the paper used Test for English Majors Grade Four(TEM4)data and tested the interaction between vocabulary and grammar in predicting L2 reading performance.The results showed:1)grammar played a dominant role in predicting TEM4 reading performance,2)grammar fully mediated the effect of vocabulary on TEM4 reading performance,and 3)vocabulary did not moderate the effect of grammar on TEM4 reading performance.The paper has theoretical and methodological implications for language testing research as well as practical implications for language test preparation.

Compound-induced transparency in three-cavity coupled structure

We propose a three-cavity coupled cavity optomechanical(COM)structure with tunable system parameters and theoretically investigate the probe-light transmission rate.Numerical calculation of the system’s spectra demonstrates distinctive compound-induced transparency(CIT)characteristics,including multiple transparency windows and sideband dips,which can be explained by a coupling between optomechanically-induced transparency(OMIT)and electromagnetically-induced transparency.The effects of optical loss(gain)in the cavity,number and topology of active cavity,tunneling ratio,and pump laser power on the CIT spectrum are evaluated and analyzed.Moreover,the optical group delay of CIT is highly controllable and fast–slow light inter-transition can be achieved.The proposed structure makes possible the advantageous tuning freedom and provides a potential platform for controlling light propagation and fast–slow light switching.

Ideal optomechanically induced transparency generation in a cavity optoelectromechanical system

The ideal optomechanically induced transparency effects of an output probe field are investigated in a cavity optoelectromechanical system,which is composed of an optical cavity,a charged mechanical resonator,and a charged object.Although the charged mechanical resonator damping rate is nonzero,the ideal optomechanically induced transparency can still appear due to the non-rotating wave approximation effect in the system.The location of optomechanically induced transparency dip can be controlled via the Coulomb coupling strength.In addition,we find that both the transparency window width and the maximum dispersion curve slope are closely related to the optical cavity decay rate.

High-resolution three-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency

We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system.For atom-field interaction,we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing three standing-wave fields(SWFs)in 3D-atom localization.We achieve a high precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system variables such as field intensities and phase shifts.We also see the impact of Doppler shift and show that it dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information on 3D-atom localization.We believe that our suggested scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in atom nanolithography,and Bose-Einstein condensation.

Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies

Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.

Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency at terahertz frequencies in coupled graphene metamaterial

A graphene-based metamaterial with tunable electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT）-like transmission is nu- merically studied in this paper. The proposed structure consists of a graphene layer composed of coupled cut-wire pairs printed on a substrate. The simulation confirms that an EIT-like transparency window can be observed due to indirect cou- pling in a terahertz frequency range. More importantly, the peak frequency of the transmission window can be dynamically controlled over a broad frequency range by varying the Fermi energy levels of the graphene layer through controlling the electrostatic gating. The proposed metamaterial structure offers an additional opportunity to design novel applications such as switches or modulators.

Reflection and operationalization of the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principle in the transparency framework under the international climate change regime

“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.

Optical control of light propagation in photonic crystal based on electromagnetically induced transparency

A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency（EIT）.The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a threelevel atomic system coupled by standing wave.We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory,automatically accounting for multilayer reflections,thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.

Commentary on:“Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies”

Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.

Design and Synthesis of Transparent Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and Relationship Between Its Phase Construction and Transparency

A series of transparent ABS（T-ABS） resins were prepared by emulsion in situ suspension polymerization. The influences of the particle size and the content of rubber particles on the transparency of T-ABS resins were studied by varying the size and content of rubber particles in a single model system（rubber particles with a uniform size）. The optical properties of T-ABS resins were investigated in a mixed system of SBR/PB particles and a hi-modal particle system（rubber particles with two different sizes, 70 and 400 nm in diameter） of SBR particles. It was found that when the size of the smaller particles （ 70 nm） in the mixed system of SBR/PB particles was in the range of 50-100 nm in diameter, the T-ABS resins showed a better transparency. These results provide a flexible and practical process for the preparation of T-ABS resins with good optical and mechanical properties.