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Role of OX40 in mechanisms of memory T cells in islet transplant tolerance
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作者 陈明 《外科研究与新技术》 2011年第4期289-290,共2页
Objective To investigate the role of OX40 in the mechanisms of memory T cells in islet transplant tolerance. Methods The expression of OX40 on native, like memory and memory CD8 + T cells was detected by RT - PCR. Spl... Objective To investigate the role of OX40 in the mechanisms of memory T cells in islet transplant tolerance. Methods The expression of OX40 on native, like memory and memory CD8 + T cells was detected by RT - PCR. Splenic T ceels from B6 mice were injected into Rag - / - mice via the tail vein,and the Rag mice were divided into three groups ( n = 8 each) : 展开更多
关键词 Role of OX40 in mechanisms of memory T cells in islet transplant tolerance
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Design and experimental research on the sweet potato seedling transplanting mechanism of the planetary gear train with deformed elliptical gear transmission
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作者 Bingliang Ye Yuxuan Ye +3 位作者 Haili Zhou Gaohong Yu Xiong Zhao Bin Deng 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE 2024年第3期91-99,共9页
Aiming at the lack of suitable machines for sweet potato seedling transplanting in China,and according to the agronomic requirements for the horizontal insertion method of sweet potato seedling,a new sweet potato seed... Aiming at the lack of suitable machines for sweet potato seedling transplanting in China,and according to the agronomic requirements for the horizontal insertion method of sweet potato seedling,a new sweet potato seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train was proposed based on the non-uniform transmission of deformed elliptical gear.The working principle of the transplanting mechanism was analyzed,and the kinematics modeling and analysis of the mechanism were carried out.The study established the numerical objectives of the transplanting mechanism and applied the theory of membership function to establish a mathematical model for the parameter-guided optimization design of the transplanting mechanism.The parameter-guided optimization design software was developed to obtain a set of optimal mechanism parameters that satisfied the motion trajectory of sweet potato transplanting and the posture of the transplanting arm.Based on the optimized parameters,the structure of the transplanting mechanism was designed,and a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created,whereby a virtual motion simulation of the transplanting mechanism was conducted to verify the correctness of the kinematics model and design of the mechanism.The high-speed photographic kinematics test of the mechanism prototype and sweet potato seedling transplanting tests were conducted to test the mechanism’s kinematic characteristics and transplanting performance.The test results show that the test trajectory of the mechanism and test posture of the transplanting arm are almost consistent with the theoretical and simulation trajectory,meeting the agronomic requirements of the horizontal insertion method of sweet potato seedling;And when the rotary speed of the mechanism are 20 r/min and 30 r/min,the average success ratios of sweet potato seedlings transplanting are 90%and 82%,respectively,which prove the application feasibility of the mechanism in the practical machines. 展开更多
关键词 sweet potato seedling transplanter transplanting mechanism deformed elliptical gear transmission kinematics analysis membership function optimization design
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Effects of Seed Rate on Root Twining Power and Seedling Quality of Machine-transplanted Super Rice 被引量:3
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作者 滕飞 朱德峰 +2 位作者 陈惠哲 蔡雪青 徐一成 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第12期2644-2648,2652,共6页
In order to investigate the effects of seed rate on root twining power and seedling quality of machine-transplanted super rice cultivars, Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.l, total 6 seed rates were arranged, and the grow... In order to investigate the effects of seed rate on root twining power and seedling quality of machine-transplanted super rice cultivars, Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.l, total 6 seed rates were arranged, and the growth characteris- tics, quality and root twining power of machine-transplanted rice seedlings were studied. The results showed that seed rate had great effects on root twining power and qualityof rice seedlings; with the increase of seed rate, the root twining power of rice seedlings was increased, but the quality of rice seedlings was significantly reduced; under the condition of high seed rate, rice seedlings were weak with less accumulate dry matter and nonuniform growth, and the proportion of weak seedlings was higher. When the seed rate of both rice cultivars was reduced by 10 g/tray, the average seedling height was increased by 0.5 cm, leaf age was increased by 0.1, stem base diameter was increased by 0.1 cm, and root number per plant was increased by 0.3. When the seed rate was increased by 10 g/tray, the accumulated dry matter per plant was reduced by 5.1 mg. With the increase of seed rate, the seedling quality of Zhongzheyou No.1 was decreased rapidly, and the proportion of weak seedlings was increased rapidly. However, Yongyou 12 has a larger elasticity in seed rate. When the seed rate reached to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Yongy- ou 12 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, but the shoots were sparse with lower leaf area index. However, when the seed rate was up to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Zhongzheyou No.1 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, as well as higher-density shoots. From a comprehensive point of view, the optimum seed rates of Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.1 were 65 and 50 g/tray, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 RICE Super rice Mechanical transplanting Seed rate Blanket seedling Seedling quality
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Effects of Different Application Times of Tillering Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Population Development of Double-cropping Rice Transplanted by Machine
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作者 商庆银 吕伟生 +5 位作者 曾勇军 黄山 杨秀霞 谭雪明 石庆华 潘晓华 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第9期1860-1864,1868,共6页
The application of tillering fertilizer plays an important role in promoting rice tillering and improving rice yield. However, under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the optimal application time of tillering... The application of tillering fertilizer plays an important role in promoting rice tillering and improving rice yield. However, under the condition of mechanical transplanting, the optimal application time of tillering fertilizer is still unclear. In this study, the early rice cultivar Zhongjiazao 17 and late rice cultivar H You 518 were used as materials, and the effects of different application times of tillering fertilizer on yield and population development of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine were investigated. The tillering fertilizer was applied 7(D07), 10(D10) and 13(D13) d after the transplanting, respectively. The results showed that compared with those in the D07 treatment groups, the yield of early rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 9.4% and 3.8%, respectively, and the yield of late rice in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were reduced by 4.5% and 12.6%,respectively. However, there were no significant differences in rice yield among the treatment groups. The application time of tillering fertilizer showed significant effects on grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of early rice. The grain number per panicle in the D10 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group, and the seed setting rate of the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group(P〈0.05). For the late rice, the effect of application time of tillering fertilizer on effective tiller number was most obvious, and the effective tiller number in the D13 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the D07 treatment group(P〈0.05). Compared with those in the D07 treatment group, the effective tiller numbers, leaf area indexes and biomasses in the D10 and D13 treatment groups were all trended to be decreased. Therefore,to improve the quality of population and fulfill the high-yielding potential of double-cropping rice transplanted by machine, the tillering fertilizer should be applied as early as possible after rice seedlings turn green. 展开更多
关键词 Double-cropping rice Mechanical transplanting Tillering fertilizer Application time YIELD Population development
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Effects of Mechanized Transplanting and Fertilization Mode on Population Growth and Development of Male Parent in Seed Production of Hybrid Rice
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作者 陈勇 张海清 +4 位作者 刘爱民 杨永标 唐荣 刘烨 庞嘉 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第12期2383-2387,2391,共6页
In order to study the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode on population growth and development of the male parent in seed production of hybrid rice, three male parents, Huazhan, Shuhui 527 and R... In order to study the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode on population growth and development of the male parent in seed production of hybrid rice, three male parents, Huazhan, Shuhui 527 and R9311 were selected as materials. The male parents were transplanted by rice transplanter with two kinds of line spacing design, six lines with equal row spacing (20/25 cm x 30 cm) and wide and narrow spacing (20/25 cm x 40, 20 cm), and artificial transplanting with equal row spacing (20/25 cm x 30 cm) was set as the control. The three fer- tilization modes were applying for one, two and three times. The flowering stage and panicle-spikelet structure of the male parent were investigated. The results showed that the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode were little on the duration from seeding to heading; the panicles and spikelets of the three male parents were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting. The tiller number was increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for two and three times. Wide and narrow spacing by machine planting and fertilizing for three times were suitable for Huazhan, which significantly increased the number of spikelets per unit area. Furthermore, the number of spikelets per unit area of Shuhui 527 and R9311 were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for three times. 展开更多
关键词 Hybrid rice Seed production Male parent Mechanized transplanting FERTILIZATION
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Effects of Farming and Seedling-raising Methods on Population Growth and Grain Yield of Mechanized Transplanting Rice
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作者 杨波 霍晓玲 +3 位作者 吴健英 杨文婷 肖启银 任万军 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第7期1235-1239,共5页
The effects of farming method, rice variety and seedling-raising method were studied on the population growth quality and grain yield of the mechanized transplanting rice by way of three-factor split plot design. The ... The effects of farming method, rice variety and seedling-raising method were studied on the population growth quality and grain yield of the mechanized transplanting rice by way of three-factor split plot design. The results showed that the no-tillage mechanical transplanting treatment was poorer than the conventional mechanical transplanting treatment in transplanting quality in general, but the former was similar to the latter in population growth quality. In regard to grain yield, the no-tillage mechanical transplanting treatment was lower than the conventional me- chanical transplanting treatment. Raising both pot-mat seedling and plastic-tray seedling did not make much difference in population growth and grain yield of mechanized transplanting rice, so both of the seedling-raising methods can be adopted according to practical conditions. 展开更多
关键词 RICE No-tillage mechanical transplanting Seedling raising Population growth Grain yield
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Tillering Characteristics of Different Varieties of Double-season Rice under Different Mechanical Transplanting Modes
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作者 李木英 黄程宽 +2 位作者 谭雪明 潘晓华 石庆华 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第11期2602-2610,共9页
A total of 8 early-season and late-season rice varieties with different growth periods were selected, and their tillering characteristics under wide-narrow row and equal row .transplanting modes were studied. The resu... A total of 8 early-season and late-season rice varieties with different growth periods were selected, and their tillering characteristics under wide-narrow row and equal row .transplanting modes were studied. The results showed that the length of slow growth phase was related to the performance of transplanter; the ef- fect of mechanical transplanting on tillering of early-season rice was greater than that of late-season rice; Compared with late-season rice, early-season rice showed later tillering and longer tillering period; the tiller number per plant and effective panicle number per plant differed greatly among different varieties of double-season rice; under the condition of same transplanting density, the tillers of rice under wide- narrow row transplanting mode appeared rapidly and disappeared slowly, and wide- narrow row transplanting mode improved tillering, effective panicle number and yield of rice; different varieties of double-season rice showed different adaptability to me- chanical transplanting, and the varieties with short growth period, strong tilledng a- bility and more effective panicles per plant were more suitable for mechanical trans- planting; the effect of mechanical transplanting on rejuvenation of rice could be im- proved by improving the performance of transplanter. 展开更多
关键词 Double-season rice Equal row mechanical transplanting Wide-narrow row mechanical transplanting Tillering characteristics
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Effect of Seedling Raising Methods on Leaf Photosynthesis and Grain Yield of Mechanically-transplanted Japonica Rice
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作者 赵轶鹏 王友霜 +5 位作者 吴玉玲 胡婷婷 王健康 丁成伟 郭荣良 徐家安 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第11期2057-2061,2063,共6页
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seedling raising modes on photosynthetic charactedsticsand grain yield under wheat straw returning. Four representative cultivars in Huaibei area were selected as... This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seedling raising modes on photosynthetic charactedsticsand grain yield under wheat straw returning. Four representative cultivars in Huaibei area were selected as test materials. By setting potted seedlings and carpet seedlings, the effects of different nursery meth- ods on the photosynthesis of rice at different growth stages in Huaibei area were investigated. Compared with carpet seedlings, the leaf area index of potted seedlings decreased at the maturation stage, but the dry weight of leaf shewed no significant difference.The SPAD of potted seedlings had an increasing trend after transplanting, but the SPAD increased differently according to cultivars. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves of pot seeding rice were significantly higher than those of carpet seedling rice on the 85^th d after transplanting. However, theintracellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of leaves had no significant differences between different 'treatments. The results indicate that the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves of pot seedling rice is stronger in early and middle stages, but the decay rate of photosynthetic function is slightly faster than carpet seedling rice, which might be the main reason for the rice yield of potted seedlings having no remarkable difference from carpet seedlings. 展开更多
关键词 Seedling raising method Mechanically transplanting Leaf photosynthesis Grain yield
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Major Physiological Characters of Different Double Cropping Rice Varieties by Different Mechanical Transplanting Methods
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作者 李木英 黄程宽 +2 位作者 谭雪明 石庆华 潘晓华 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第5期898-908,共11页
The research selected 16 rice varieties(8 early and 8 late double-cropping rice) by mechanical transplanting modes as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row to explore yield and physiological traits in order to prov... The research selected 16 rice varieties(8 early and 8 late double-cropping rice) by mechanical transplanting modes as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row to explore yield and physiological traits in order to provide references for selection of rice variety suitable for mechanical transplanting. The results showed that yields of early and late rice improved by 2.90% and 2.73% by mechanical transplanting as per equivalent row and wide-narrow row respectively. Besides, leaf area index in the treatment as per wide-narrow row was higher compared with the treatment as per equivalent row, as well as average photosynthetic potential which grew by 0.92%,3.99% and 5.64% of early from tillering-peak stage to mature stage and 3.46%,7.09% and 6.79% of late rice. Furthermore, by mechanical transplanting as per wide-narrow row, SPAD value, and root activity performer higher, as well as the number of differentiated branch and glumous flowers, but degradation rate showed lower. In addition, with mechanical transplanting the same, early rice Zhuliangyou819 and late rice Fengyuanyou 299 took advantages in yield, which can be priorities for mechanical transplanting in double-cropping areas in Jiangxi Province. 展开更多
关键词 Double-cropping rice VARIETY Mechanical transplanting Physiological characters
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Yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and its production strategies 被引量:13
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作者 HUANG Min TANG Qi-yuan +1 位作者 AO He-jun ZOU Ying-bin 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1009-1017,共9页
China's Super Hybrid Rice Breeding Program has made significant progress over the past two decades. In this paper, we reviewed our studies on the yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and discussed the s... China's Super Hybrid Rice Breeding Program has made significant progress over the past two decades. In this paper, we reviewed our studies on the yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and discussed the strategies for super hybrid rice production. The results of our studies show that rice yield potential has been increased by 12% in super hybrid cultivars as compared with ordinary hybrid and inbred cultivars. The higher grain yields in super hybrid rice cultivars are attributed to larger panicle size coupled with higher biomass production or higher harvest index. However, grain yields in super hybrid rice cultivars vary widely among locations depending on soil and climatic factors. Therefore, it is important to tailor target yield to local conditions in super hybrid rice production. The target yield for super hybrid rice production can be determined by the average yield method or the regression model method. Improving soil quality is critical to achieving the target yield in super hybrid rice production. Favorable crop rotations such as rice-oilseed rape and novel soil management practices, such as biochar addition, are effective approaches to improve soil quality. It is needed to develop simplified cultivation tech- nologies for super hybrid rice to meet the changes in socioeconomic environments during the period of transition. There are such technologies as no-tillage direct seeding and mechanized transplanting at high hill density with single seedling per hill. 展开更多
关键词 mechanized transplanting no-tillage direct seeding super hybrid rice target yield yield potential yield stability
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Comparison of yield traits in rice among three mechanized planting methods in a rice-wheat rotation system 被引量:11
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作者 XING Zhi-peng HU Ya-jie +8 位作者 QIAN Hai-jun CAO Wei-wei GUO Bao-wei WEI Hai-yan XU Ke HUO Zhong-yang ZHOU Gui-sheng DAI Qi-gen ZHANG Hong-cheng 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第7期1451-1466,共16页
Understanding the differences in yield traits of rice among pothole seedling of mechanical transplanting (PSMT), carpet seedling of mechanical transplanting (CSMT) and mechanical direct seeding (MDS) is of great... Understanding the differences in yield traits of rice among pothole seedling of mechanical transplanting (PSMT), carpet seedling of mechanical transplanting (CSMT) and mechanical direct seeding (MDS) is of great importance not only for rice scientists but also for rice farmers to develop a high-yield production system under mechanical conditions in a rice-wheat rotation system. However, such traits are yet to be studied among rice varieties ofjaponica-indica hybrid rice (JIHR),japonica conventional rice (JCR) and indica hybrid rice (IHR). Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, where six cultivars of the three rice types JIHR, JCR and IHR were grown individually with PSMT, CSMT and MDS methods, under respective managements for each method to achieve the maximum attainable yield. Results showed that (i) the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of I HR by 22.5 and 7.4%, compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively. The highest yield was produced by the combination of JIHR and PSMT; (ii) high yield under PSMT was mainly attributed to large sink capacity and high-efficient dry matter accumulation. With sufficient panicles per hectare, the increase of spikelet number per panicle, especially the increase in spikelet number of the secondary rachis-branches was determined to be the optimal approach for developing a large sink capacity for rice under PSMT. The optimal tillers development, large leaf area index at heading stage, and high leaf area duration, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate during grain-filling phase could be the cause of sufficient dry matter accumulation for rice under PSMT; (iii) moreover, the PSMT favored plant growth as well as enriched the stems plus sheaths during grain-filling phase, as compared with CSMT and MDS. These results suggest that PSMT may be an alternative approach to increasing grain yield in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. 展开更多
关键词 RICE grain yield mechanized planting method pothole seedling of mechanical transplanting
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Effects of soilless substrates on seedling quality and the growth of transplanted super japonica rice 被引量:11
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作者 LEI Wu-sheng DING Yan-feng +2 位作者 LI Gang-hua TANG She WANG Shao-hua 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1053-1063,共11页
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soilless substrates of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings (HLMS) on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of transplanted super japonica rice. ... This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soilless substrates of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings (HLMS) on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of transplanted super japonica rice. A widely grown conventional super japonica rice cultivar (Wuyunjing 23) was selected as the test material. The effect of HLMS on seedling quality, mechanical transplantation quality, field growth characteristics, yield, and benefit-cost ratio were compared with seedlings grown in organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil, whJch was selected as the control. Root number, root twJstJng power and root activity of seedlings cultivated by HLMS were decreased compared to that of the organic substrates andcontrol. However, seedling root length as well as aboveground growth were increased compared to the organic substrates and control seed- lings. In the HLMS, the content of gibberellin acid (GA3) decreased while abscisic acid (ABA) content increased compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. During the early stages after transplanting, the re-greening of HLMS was delayed compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in tiller dynamics and crop yield among the HLMS, organic substrates and control treatments. The effects of HLMS on seedling production were similar to those of the organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil in the present study, suggesting that HLMS have the potential to replace traditional nutritive soil in seedling production without decreasing crop yield. Finally, it is important to reduce organic substrates and topsoil dependence during rice seedling production and worthwhile to consider HLMS popularization and its application on a larger scale. 展开更多
关键词 super hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) mechanical transplantation seedling quality YIELD seedling raised method
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Reducing environmental risk of nitrogen by popularizing mechanically dense transplanting for rice production in China 被引量:6
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作者 HUANG Min ZOU Ying-bin 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第9期2362-2366,共5页
The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss... The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss from rice production in China reached approximately 2.6×109 kg from 2011 to 2015,and we demonstrate that adoption of the mechanically dense transplanting technique by producers is an effective method to reduce N loss from rice cropping systems without suffering a yield penalty. 展开更多
关键词 dense planting environmental risk mechanical transplanting nitrogen loss RICE
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Comparison of agronomic performance between inter-sub-specific hybrid and inbred japonica rice under different mechanical transplanting methods 被引量:4
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作者 HU Ya-jie WU Pei +7 位作者 ZHANG Hong-cheng DAI Qi-gen HUO Zhong-yang XU Ke GAO Hui WEI Hai-yan GUO Bao-wei CUI Pei-yuan 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第4期806-816,共11页
Mechanical transplanting has been applied to rice cultivation to save labor costs and ease labor shortages in Asian countries, especially in China. However, little information is available related to the characteristi... Mechanical transplanting has been applied to rice cultivation to save labor costs and ease labor shortages in Asian countries, especially in China. However, little information is available related to the characteristics of agronomic performance when comparing inter-sub-specific hybrid rice(IHR) and inbred japonica rice(IJR) under mechanical transplanting method. In 2013 and 2014, field experiments were conducted using IHR(Yongyou 2640) and IJR(Wuyunjing 24) under two cultivation patterns, that is, pot seedlings mechanically transplanted(PS) and carpet seedlings mechanically transplanted(CS). Grain yield, yield components, leaf area index(LAI), leaf area duration(LAD), aboveground biomass, crop growth rate(CGR), nitrogen(N) uptake, and N accumulation were investigated. When compared with CS, PS displayed significantly increased grain yield for both varieties because the larger sink size allowed higher N accumulation from panicle initiation to maturity. Moreover, total aboveground biomass under PS increased significantly compared with that under CS; that is, higher photosynthetic productivity resulted from a greater LAI and higher LAD during the grain filling stage. Higher N absorption capacity in the middle and late growth periods resulted in significantly enhanced total N uptake under PS. When compared with IJR for both treatments, IHR generated 75.2% more grain yield. However, the characteristics creating high yield of IHR were different from those of IJR. Greater aboveground biomass production as well as higher N uptake and accumulation created higher grain yield in IHR than in IJR. These results suggest higher yield could be achieved using PS with IHR, attributing to exploit both yield superiority and productive potential. 展开更多
关键词 high yield formation inter-sub-specific hybrid rice inbred japonica rice mechanical transplanting method
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Nitrogen Deep Placement Combined with Straw Mulch Cultivation Enhances Physiological Traits,Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice 被引量:7
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作者 LI Lin ZHANG Zheng +7 位作者 TIAN Hua Umair ASHRAF Yousef Alhaj HAMOUD Al Aasmi ALAA TANG Xiangru DUAN Meiyang WANG Zaiman PAN Shenggang 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期89-100,I0031,共13页
To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxi... To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020.The experiment comprised of following treatments:CK(no fertilizer and no straw return),MDS(deep N fertilization and straw return),MBS(broadcasting fertilizer and straw return),MD(deep N fertilization without straw return),MB(broadcasting fertilizer without straw return).Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%-72.22%due to total above-ground biomass,leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%-55.80%,38.52%-52.17%and 17.89%-28.40%,respectively,compared to the MB treatment.In addition,the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%-43.69%,N recovery efficiency by 141.45%-164.65%,N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%-134.19%,nitrate reductase by 46.46%-60.86%and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%-31.02%,compared to the MB treatment.The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment.Hence,deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China. 展开更多
关键词 mechanical pot-seedling transplanting nitrogen deep placement nitrogen use efficiency RICE straw return
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Critical Yield Factors for Achieving High Grain Yield in Early-Season Rice Grown under Mechanical Transplanting Conditions 被引量:3
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作者 Jiana Chen Ruichun Zhang +4 位作者 Fangbo Cao Xiaohong Yin Tianfeng Liang Min Huang Yingbin Zou 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2020年第4期1043-1057,共15页
Double-season rice cropping systems occupy a large portion of the rice production area in southern China.Because the problem of insufficient labor,mechanical transplanting(in contrast to the manual transplanting)was b... Double-season rice cropping systems occupy a large portion of the rice production area in southern China.Because the problem of insufficient labor,mechanical transplanting(in contrast to the manual transplanting)was become more attractive in double-season rice system.However,the decisive yield factors which resulting in high grain yield of early-season rice are unclear under mechanical-transplanted conditions.In present study,the field experiments were conducted in the early season in 2017 and repeated in 2018 in Santang Town,Hunan Province,China.Ten early season rice cultivars(Zhuliangyou 819,Lingliangyou 268,Lingliangyou 104,Luliangyou 996,Xiangzaoxian 24,Xiangzaoxian 32,Xiangzaoxian 45,Xiangzaoxian 42,Zhongjiazao 17,and Zhongzao 39)were used as materials in this study.The difference in grain yield and closely-related agronomic and physiological traits of ten tested cultivars were compared.The range of yields(t ha^(–1) at 86%dry matter)in 2017 was 6.2 to 8.7(mean 7.8)and in 2018 was 6.5 to 8.4(mean 7.8).Grain weight and pre-heading biomass accumulation had potent significant positive correlations with the grain yield.The greater pre-heading biomass accumulation was major attributed to higher apparent radiation use efficiency.Our results suggested that early-season rice cultivars to achieve the high grain yield in mechanical-transplanted conditions depends on apparent radiation use efficiency in the pre-heading period and higher grain weight. 展开更多
关键词 Early-season rice grain yield hybrid rice inbred rice mechanical transplanting
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Effects of uniconazole rate on agronomic traits and physiological indexes of rapeseed blanket seedling 被引量:6
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作者 Qingsong Zuo Long Wang +4 位作者 Jingdong Zheng Jingjing You Guang Yang Suohu Leng Jingyi Liu 《Oil Crop Science》 2020年第4期198-204,共7页
Mechanized transplanting of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)blanket seedling is an innovative cultivation technology.Cultivating high quality blanket seedling to ensure high survival rate of seedling after transplanting is... Mechanized transplanting of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)blanket seedling is an innovative cultivation technology.Cultivating high quality blanket seedling to ensure high survival rate of seedling after transplanting is the key of the technology.The effects of different uniconazole rates of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/tray,spraying at one leaf and one heart stage,on selected agronomic traits,physiological indexes and survival rate of two rapeseed cultivars(‘Qinyou 100 and’Yangyou 90)were investigated in 2018 and 2019.Our results showed that the plant height decreased significantly with the increase of uniconazole rate.However,the collar diameter increased significantly with the increase of uniconazole rate up to 1.5 mg/tray,and the leaf area,dry weights of root and shoot increased with increased uniconazole rate up to 1.0 mg/tray.The root to shoot ratios,N concentrations of root and shoot with the uniconazole rates of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/tray were higher than those with other treatments.As uniconazole rate increasing,gibberellin(GA)and auxin(IAA)concentrations of root and shoot decreased,while abscisic acid(ABA)concentrations increased,and cytokinin(CTK)concentrations topped at uniconazole rate of 1.0 mg/tray and decreased thereafter.The seedling survival rates with 1.0 and 1.5 mg/tray were greatly higher than those in other treatments.Regression analysis suggested plant survival rate was positively related to CTK concentrations and negatively to GA concentrations of root and shoot.To achieve high survival rate after mechanized transplanting,our study revealed that the uniconazole applied at a rate of 1.0 mg/tray was recommended as the best,followed by 1.5 mg/tray.The findings would help to enhance qualities of rapeseed blanket seedling and to promote popularization of mechanized transplanting of rapeseed production. 展开更多
关键词 Rapeseed blanket seedling Mechanized transplanting Uniconazole rate Hormone concentration Survival rate
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Optimization design and test of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears 被引量:34
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作者 Ye Bingliang Yi Weiming +2 位作者 Yu Gaohong Gao Yang Zhao Xiong 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2017年第6期43-55,共13页
In order to solve the problem of the high-speed mechanized transplanting of rice plug seedlings,the design requirements of transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings were analyzed and a kind of rice plug seedling... In order to solve the problem of the high-speed mechanized transplanting of rice plug seedlings,the design requirements of transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings were analyzed and a kind of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train based on the drive with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears was designed innovatively.The laboratory kinematics was examined.The working principle of the transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings was studied,kinematics analysis of the transplanting mechanism was carried out and its kinematic model was set up.A human-computer interaction optimization method was used to optimize the parameters of the transplanting mechanism.The computer aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism based on Visual Basic 6.0 was developed.Through analyzing the influence of design variables on the optimization objectives of the transplanting mechanism,a set of parameters of the transplanting mechanism which meet the requirements of transplanting trajectory and posture for transplanting rice seedlings were obtained by means of human-computer interaction.The structure of the transplanting mechanism was designed according to this set of parameters,and its virtual prototype and physical prototype were set up and manufactured,respectively.The kinematic simulation test and high-speed photography kinematic test of the transplanting mechanism were conducted to obtain its kinematic performances,such as transplanting trajectory and posture.The results of bench test,simulation analysis and theoretical analysis were almost in agreement,which verified the correctness of the theoretical model and design results of the transplanting mechanism,indicating that the optimized transplanting mechanism can satisfy the requirements of transplanting rice seedlings and be applied in the rice plug seedling transplanter. 展开更多
关键词 plug seedling transplanting mechanism incomplete eccentric circular gear non-circular gear planetary gear train optimization design
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Optimized design and experiment of the three-arm transplanting mechanism for rice potted seedlings 被引量:4
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作者 Jianjun Yin Zeliang Wang +2 位作者 Maile Zhou Luning Wu Yan Zhang 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2021年第5期56-62,共7页
The transplanting arm of two-arm transplanting mechanism is easy to cause seedlings injury and missing due to its faster speed relative to the seedlings.In order to solve the existed problems,a three-arm transplanting... The transplanting arm of two-arm transplanting mechanism is easy to cause seedlings injury and missing due to its faster speed relative to the seedlings.In order to solve the existed problems,a three-arm transplanting mechanism for rice potted seedlings was developed in this study.The developed three-arm transplanting mechanism for rice potted seedling can make the transplanting arm realize special trajectory and attitude through the unequal planetary gear transmission.The kinematic model of three-arm transplanting mechanism for rice potted seedling was established,and the optimal design software was developed.Based on the heuristic optimization algorithm named“parameter guide”,a set of satisfied mechanism parameters required by the rice potted seedling transplanting were obtained.The trajectory and attitude of three-arm transplanting mechanism used for the rice potted seedling were analyzed.Besides,the virtual simulation results were basically consistent with the optimization software results,and the correctness of theoretical analysis and virtual simulation were also verified by each other.When the developed transplanting mechanism picked up the seedling,the velocity of transplanting arm relative to the seedling was reduced by about 30%.The results showed that the injury rate of rice potted seedling transplanting mechanism was 0.04%,the missing rate of seedling was 1.4%,the integrity rate of seedling pot matrix was 96%,and the success rate of picking seedling was 99.92%. 展开更多
关键词 agricultural machinery transplanting mechanism rice potted seedling three-arm optimal design
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Theoretical analysis and development of a mechanism with punching device for transplanting potted vegetable seedlings 被引量:3
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作者 Maile Zhou Yiyin Shan +1 位作者 Xianglei Xue Daqing Yin 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2020年第4期85-92,共8页
Several studies have indicated that potted vegetable seedling transplanting technology can greatly improve the ability of vegetable seedlings to resist cold,flood,drought,saline-alkali and pests.The existing transplan... Several studies have indicated that potted vegetable seedling transplanting technology can greatly improve the ability of vegetable seedlings to resist cold,flood,drought,saline-alkali and pests.The existing transplanting equipment mostly adopts mechanical,electrical and hydraulic integration technologies with a complex structure and a high cost.To address the problems of the complex structure and low efficiency of existing transplanting equipment,a rotary transplanting mechanism for potted vegetable seedlings was developed through configuration analysis and optimization design.Through kinematic analysis of the transplanting mechanism,optimization design software was developed,and the parameters were optimized.A mechanism was developed for picking,transporting,hole punching and transplanting potted vegetable seedlings.The virtual simulation results showed that the maximum error of attitudes of the transplanting arm is less than 1.19°and that of the hole punching shovel is less than 1.7°.In this study,perforation,seedling harvesting and transplanting experiments were conducted through a bench test.The results showed that the specific trajectory and attitude of the potted vegetable seedlings transplanting mechanism conformed to the requirements of potted vegetable seedling transplantation and the success rate of seedling picking was 92.4%,which verified the correctness and feasibility of the rotary potted vegetable seedling transplanting mechanism. 展开更多
关键词 planting machinery transplanting mechanism potted vegetable seedling punching device trajectory and attitude
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