Incidence of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM), Orseolia oryzivora H. &G. in Relation with Period of Rice Transplanting in the Kou Valley, Burkina Faso

The African Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzivora H. & G., is an important insect pest recorded in 20 countries in Sub-Sahara Africa. In Burkina Faso, the insect pest particularly prevails in Western and South-Western of the country where both biotic and abiotic conditions favor its development. The insect pest can damage up to 60% of rice tillers in Western Burkina Faso. A study was conducted during the 2011 wet season in the Kou Valley, located 25 km North-West of Bobo-Dioulas- so, Western Burkina Faso. Its objective was to evaluate the damage of this insect pest in farmers’ fields in relation with rice transplanting periods. The Kou Valley rice scheme, 1200 ha, was divided into two zones within which 48 farmers’ fields were randomly selected in relation with rice transplanting periods: P1: 1st period;P2: 2nd period and P3: 3rd period;that is 16 fields per period. Both agronomic and entomological evaluations were performed each week starting from the 21th day after transplanting (DAT) up to 84 DAT. Results showed that the highest average damage level (16% of galls) was recorded in the 3rd transplanting period. The highest larval and pupal parasitism was recorded in P3 at 84 DAT. Pupal parasitism due to Aprostocetus procerae Risbec was higher than larval parasitism due to Platygaster diplosisae Risbec. Lastly, the lowest yield (4.78 t/ha) was recorded in P3. These results can be used in the implementation of an integrated pest management strategy for this insect pest in the Kou Valley.

Clinical analysis of different periods of liver transplantation at an organ transplantation centre

Objective To summarize our clinical experience in liver transplantation while considering the background in this filed in China. Methods Ninety-five patients who had received liver transplantation from April 1993 to March 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Three periods were defined objectively as period Ⅰ(1993-1997),Ⅱ(1999) and Ⅲ(2000 -2002). Operative techniques, recipients, original diseases, complications and survival rates were compared among the three periods. Results Malignant liver lesions were the main cause for liver transplantation in period Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The ratio of number of malignant disease to total recipients decreased gradually from period Ⅰ to Ⅱ (100%, 53% and 35%, respectively). The 1-year survival rate in patients with benign liver disease was 85 % and the total operative mortality was 5% in period Ⅲ. The incidence of hepatitis B virus reactivation or reinfection was 24% twelve months after liver transplantation. Vascular complication decreased but biliary complications did

Influence of Transplantation in Different Stage on Growth and Yield of Spring Maize in Shanxi Early Mature Area

In order to explore a new mulch-free maize planting mode and the best seedling age for maize transplantation in Shanxi early mature area,a field experiment was carried out using completely randomized block design.Taking mulch-based direct sowing as the control group,effects of transplantation in different stage on maize growing process,plant height,three-ear leaf area in mature period,and yield and composition factors of maize were studied.Results indicate that growing process of maize seedlings transplanted in every stage is slightly slower than the control group.Transplantation has effect of reducing plant height and three-ear leaf area in mature period.There was no significant difference between the yield of maize transplanted on May 1st and the control group,and the yield declined only by 7% compared with mulch-based direct sowing(CK).Damages to maize seedlings by the local late frost must be noticed when maize is planted by the method of mulch-free transplantation in early mature area.Transplanting the seedlings earlier after the late frost is deemed as an appropriate period in this area.