Assessment of harmful impacts and risks of air pollution in case of accidents as well as of long lasting exposition is an important challenge of chemical transport modeling. Sad confirmation of this statement unexpect...Assessment of harmful impacts and risks of air pollution in case of accidents as well as of long lasting exposition is an important challenge of chemical transport modeling. Sad confirmation of this statement unexpectedly has come from the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima which occurred while this paper was finalized. Two strategies to comply with the task of impact and risk assessment in extended regions like Central Europe or the Balkans are described. The first one is characterized by application of a single model system to an extended domain. The other one is based on the combined application of several chemical transport models designed for the use in various sub-domains in the region under consideration. Advantages and disadvantages exist for both approaches. For instance, the single model strategy allows unified and harmonized assessment of risks in a larger region, whereas the combined model strategy may pro-vide faster and locally more specific response in emergency cases. The single model approach is treated exploiting applications of the EURAD model system. The combined model approach is a novel way of joint use of chemical transport model systems developed for the Balkans. The models are described and the accuracy of simulations carried out with them is briefly demonstrated by comparison of simulated and observed concentrations of air pollutants. Applications regarding the search of sources for high pollution events and the assessment of risks through known sources are exem-plarily discussed.展开更多
随着碳捕集和储存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)项目的深入开展与大规模长输管线的大量应用,管道的破裂、泄漏将会造成重大事故。通过查阅国内外近几年的文献,提出了3种针对不同泄漏口径下CO2管道泄漏率的计算模型;阐述了CO2管道泄...随着碳捕集和储存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)项目的深入开展与大规模长输管线的大量应用,管道的破裂、泄漏将会造成重大事故。通过查阅国内外近几年的文献,提出了3种针对不同泄漏口径下CO2管道泄漏率的计算模型;阐述了CO2管道泄漏的3个阶段的物理过程;考虑到CO2特殊的相态特性,分析了其泄漏后形成干冰的可能性,并进一步讨论了泄漏方向和埋地管道对泄漏后形成干冰堆积的可能性的影响。现有的计算模型在模拟气固两相射流方面还不完善,也无法完整地模拟整个泄漏过程。未来CO2泄漏的研究一方面需要通过试验来验证水平方向泄漏及埋地管道泄漏是否会形成干冰堆积,另一方面要在结合实际情况的基础上完善和整合泄漏模型,并通过全尺寸试验和缩比试验对模型进行验证。展开更多
文摘Assessment of harmful impacts and risks of air pollution in case of accidents as well as of long lasting exposition is an important challenge of chemical transport modeling. Sad confirmation of this statement unexpectedly has come from the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima which occurred while this paper was finalized. Two strategies to comply with the task of impact and risk assessment in extended regions like Central Europe or the Balkans are described. The first one is characterized by application of a single model system to an extended domain. The other one is based on the combined application of several chemical transport models designed for the use in various sub-domains in the region under consideration. Advantages and disadvantages exist for both approaches. For instance, the single model strategy allows unified and harmonized assessment of risks in a larger region, whereas the combined model strategy may pro-vide faster and locally more specific response in emergency cases. The single model approach is treated exploiting applications of the EURAD model system. The combined model approach is a novel way of joint use of chemical transport model systems developed for the Balkans. The models are described and the accuracy of simulations carried out with them is briefly demonstrated by comparison of simulated and observed concentrations of air pollutants. Applications regarding the search of sources for high pollution events and the assessment of risks through known sources are exem-plarily discussed.
文摘随着碳捕集和储存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)项目的深入开展与大规模长输管线的大量应用,管道的破裂、泄漏将会造成重大事故。通过查阅国内外近几年的文献,提出了3种针对不同泄漏口径下CO2管道泄漏率的计算模型;阐述了CO2管道泄漏的3个阶段的物理过程;考虑到CO2特殊的相态特性,分析了其泄漏后形成干冰的可能性,并进一步讨论了泄漏方向和埋地管道对泄漏后形成干冰堆积的可能性的影响。现有的计算模型在模拟气固两相射流方面还不完善,也无法完整地模拟整个泄漏过程。未来CO2泄漏的研究一方面需要通过试验来验证水平方向泄漏及埋地管道泄漏是否会形成干冰堆积,另一方面要在结合实际情况的基础上完善和整合泄漏模型,并通过全尺寸试验和缩比试验对模型进行验证。
