For the Greater Good?—A Critical Reflection on Assessing Indirect Economic Effects Caused by Large Transport Projects

Investing in large transport projects affects the (potential) economic development of metropolitan areas. Yet, very little critical research has been performed to understand how to assess these effects. The relationship between infrastructure investments and regional economic development is complex and indirect, and many theoretical and methodological difficulties remain. On the one hand, the assumption that investing in infrastructure is important to sustain economic growth is sometimes doubted. On the other hand, it is argued that investments in infrastructure enhance the accessibility of urban regions and that in the slipstream of such investments, social problems in urban regions can be tackled as well. Despite these contrasting views, there is at least a consensus that transport infrastructure development depends on economic development and vice versa. Yet, in many cases, the method of assessing economic impacts highly affects the results. Therefore, this paper focuses on a critical reflection of methods for estimating economic effects of infrastructure investments. A critical evaluation is made based on Indonesian and Japanese cases. After conducting in-depth desk research on both cases, we found that the broader effects on affected group of people tend to be overlooked due to the problems of time and space dimensions, the chain reaction of effects, and inappropriate data practices. The assessment on the appraisal processes tends to overlook the broader economic implication due to narrow focus and the concept of efficiency of economic theory.

A Genetic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Based Projection Pursuit Method for Selecting Schemes of Water Transportation Projects

The optimal selection of schemes of water transportation projects is a process of choosing a relatively optimal scheme from a number of schemes of water transportation programming and management projects, which is of importance in both theory and practice in water resource systems engineering. In order to achieve consistency and eliminate the dimensions of fuzzy qualitative and fuzzy quantitative evaluation indexes, to determine the weights of the indexes objectively, and to increase the differences among the comprehensive evaluation index values of water transportation project schemes, a projection pursuit method, named FPRM-PP for short, was developed in this work for selecting the optimal water transportation project scheme based on the fuzzy preference relation matrix. The research results show that FPRM-PP is intuitive and practical, the correction range of the fuzzy rained is both stable and accurate; preference relation matrix A it produces is relatively small, and the result obtherefore FPRM-PP can be widely used in the optimal selection of different multi-factor decision-making schemes.

Water Vapor Transport and Cross-Equatorial Flow over the Asian-Australia Monsoon Region Simulated by CMIP5 Climate Models

The summer mean water vapor transport （WVT） and cross-equatorial flow （CEF） over the Asian- Australian monsoon region simulated by 22 coupled atmospheric-oceanic general circulation models （AOGCMs） from the World Climate Research Programme＇s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） were evaluated. Based on climatology of the twentieth-century simulations, most of models have a reason- ably realistic representation of summer monsoon WVT characterized by southeast water vapor conveyor belt over the South Indian Ocean and southwest belt from the Arabian Sea to the East Asian. The correlation coefficients between NCEP reanalysis and simulations of BCC-CSMI-1, BNU-ESM, CanESM2, FGOALS-s2, MIROC4h and MPI-ESM-LR are up to 0.8. The simulated CEF depicted by the meridional wind along the equator includes the Somali jet and eastern CEF in low atmosphere and the reverse circulation in upper atmosphere, which were generally consistent with NCEP reanalysis. Multi-model ensemble means （MME） can reproduce more reasonable climatological features in spatial distribution both of WVT and CEF. Ten models with more reasonable WVT simulations were selected for future projection studies, including BCC- CSMI-1, BNU-ESM, CanESM2, CCSM4, FGOALS-s2, FIO-ESM, GFDL-ESM2G, MRIOCS, MPI-ESM-LR and NorESM-1M. Analysis based on the future projection experiments in RCP （Representative Concentra- tion Pathway） 2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6 and RCP8.5 show that the global warming forced by different RCP scenarios will results in enhanced WVT over the Indian area and the west Pacific and weaken WVT in the low latitudes of tropical Indian Ocean.

Tidal Asymmetry Changes in a Shallow Mud Estuary by a Restoration Project

The tidal asymmetry-induced siltation below tidal barriers is a worldwide problem that restricts regional socio-economic and environmental development. The hydrodynamic processes of the small mud estuary also feature a high uncertainty after estuary restoration measures. In this study, a hydrodynamic model based on the MIKE21 is used to quantify the responses of tidal asymmetry to a two-phase restoration project in Shuanglong Estuary, Bohai Bay, China. According to the numerical modeling results, the tidal flat removal in the upper estuary(first-phase restoration) induces the flood asymmetry switching to the ebb asymmetry in unrestored reach but enhances flood asymmetry in widening restored reach. Although the tidal asymmetry reverts to flood-dominated pattern after full restoration over the estuary, the imbalance between flood and ebb velocities is relieved. A possible net sediment transport pattern based on a comparison of dominant asymmetric current and actual sediment transport period shows net sediments in the upper estuary and inlet transport seaward and landward, respectively, in the first-phase restoration, whereas landward net sediment transport occurs in the whole estuary under the second-phase restoration scenario. Given these results, we assume that a switch from the flood-dominated estuary to ebb-dominated estuary can be caused by redesigning the cross-sectional profile. The quantitative comparison of Lagrangian residual currents also implies that a channel–shoal structure rather than a flat bathymetry can promote the mass transport. Therefore, reshaping the channel–tidal flat system in restoration projects can prevent the sedimentation of the estuary and improve the water environment.

Adding Sputum Collection and Transportation Services for Early Identification TB Cases in Hard-to-Reach Difficult Terrain—Will It Help?

A community engagement project was designed and implemented to reach 10.6 million population in 13 districts of Uttarakhand state—India, to identify presumptive TB patients (PTBPs) and link to free diagnostics services, either through referral or sputum collection and transportation (SCT). The objective of this study is to determine additional yield of TB patients achieved by providing SCT services in comparison to referrals of PTBPs identified in hard-to-reach areas. This was before and after comparative study conducted between April-June 2014 (2Q2014-before) to July-September 2014 (3Q2014-after). SCT was advised for all PTBPs identified from community level interventions between July-September 2014 (3Q2014-after). In 3Q2014, additional 279 (34%) PTBPs were examined in the microscopy centre with an additional 36 (51%) new smear positive (NSP) patient diagnosed. A total of 46 NSP (128%) were contributed by SCT alone. Higher proportion (94%) of TB patients was initiated on treatment in 3Q2014 in comparison to 2Q2014 (91%). SCT as a strategy for early case detection in hard-to-reach difficult terrain yields positive results in comparison to mere referral of PTBPs.

技术与制度协同演化与我国交通运输治理能力现代化——基于纵向案例研究

以国家高速公路联网不停车收费工程的演化变迁历程为纵向案例,基于技术与制度关系理论研究我国交通运输行业发展的底层逻辑和提升路径。研究发现:我国交通运输行业的深刻变革不是传统线性思维下技术或制度的单向决定论,而是在技术与制度的协同演化中推进我国交通运输治理能力现代化。即决策者能够基于已有的制度、组织、规则、经验及认知来建构技术发展的路径,而技术也使得制度的变迁成为可能,二者相互影响,互为选择。为进一步提升我国交通运输行业治理能力,既要发挥技术对组织调整和制度变革的潜力,又要强化制度对技术发展的选择、规范和引导作用,从而,在技术与制度的协同演化中加快交通强国建设步伐。

Green Project System Design of Machine Process Factory

As the specialty of the product and the dim conscio us ness of environmental protection, the status of dirty, chaos and difference is l ong-term existed in the machine process factory. It seriously affects workers’ work and living environment, and restricts the total level of the environment p rotection in our country. The project is the fatal scientific research task of H enan province in 2001. As the members’ endeavor of task group, we have finished the total plan of green project system and some other key equipment to the mach ine process factory, such as the design of conveyer of chip, hydraulic former of chip, rough conveyer and dirt collector. And the green project system is made i nto model that the manufacturer can select. This item is a fire-new work. We ho pe that the expert of machine, environment protection and government official ca n put forward some advices by lodging this article. We contribute for our countr y’ environment protection and make it attain a new level.

Manufacturing Technology Research and Appraisal of Large-Diameter SSAW Pipe Applied to the West-East Pipeline Project

This paper introduced the research and development of large-diameter SSAW pipes applied to West-East Pipeline project as well as domestic acicular ferrite pipeline steel of X70 grade. Its microstructure analysis was performed in comparison with the pipeline steel of a foreign steel plant (SPC). This paper introduced the research of welding procedures prior to SSAW pipe making and some new procedures and technologies used for West-East Pipeline Project, and appraised the practical level of Large-diameter SSAW pipe applied to the West-East Pipeline Project.

Natural Gas Gathering and Transporting Pipeline Networks in Sichuan Province

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ANALYSIS OF LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION

Land bridge transportation means transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship. At present, there are two common routes for using land bridge transportation in the world. One is Asia-America-Europe land bridge, the other is Europe-Asia land bridge.Eurasia land bridge has obvious advantages over Asia-America-Europe land bridge due to its shorter distance, shorter transportation time and special freight rate. China started Eurasia land bridge transportation business in 1980. It mainly used the mode of railway-railway combined transportation. The comparison between using Eurasia land bridge and using shipping transportation from China to Northern and Western Europe shows that Euraria land bridge transportation can save time and get foreign exchange in time, and commodity turnover will be speeded up. According to the port layout and railway network structure, China’s land bridge transportation projects are proposed. They are Suifenhe project, Dalian

交通运输类本科专业项目化教学法的应用

针对新经济下“新工科”专业建设对教学方法改革的迫切需求,以现代建构主义等教育理论为工具开展教育教学理论研究,论证项目化教学方法在交通运输类本科专业教学的可行性,系统开展交通运输类本科专业基于现代建构主义等教育理论的项目化教学方法的应用。形成交通运输类本科专业项目化教学方法改革的总体设计方案,明确项目化教学方法改革的实践路径,构建“金字塔四层级”项目化教学体系(教学单元、课程、课程群、专业综合四个层级),以“两主三做”(学生主体、教师主导、做中学、做中思、做中创)为指导推进项目化教学方法改革实践,以“一龙头三结合”策略(以专业核心课程为龙头,理论课与实践环节结合、课内与课外结合、线上与线下结合)设计开发具体项目,开展试验,并做目标达成评价研究,以改进项目化教学方法。

菏兰铁路引入兰考南站方案研究

研究目的:设计方案比选是一个多目标、多因素、多层次的系统工程。因引入新增线路,结合预测运量,既有线路的通过能力远期已趋于饱和,需进行各方案的优缺点分析,并合理选择引入方案。本文通过菏兰铁路引入兰考南站方案研究,选择合理的引入方案,确定合理的线路走向,达到降低工程难度和节省投资的目的。研究结论:(1)本文通过对运输组织、技术经济、车站咽喉疏解近期工程、同步实施线下工程、已实施工程等诸多方面的研究,结合河南省最新城际铁路网规划,分析各方案的优缺点,确定出相对优化的推荐方案,即上下行联络线分别在东西咽喉疏解方案;(2)通过运营条件、线路长度、工程投资等诸多方面的分析,结合沿线村镇分布、联络线设置条件等因素,对引入兰考南站线路方案进行了研究,推荐东绕仪封乡以R=3 000 m限速引入兰考南站方案;(3)本文研究可为类似项目的方案比选奠定理论基础,具有一定的参考价值。

陆海交通连接工程对海岛区域景观格局时空演变的影响研究——以平潭综合试验区为例

陆岛联通工程是沟通陆域与岛屿地域的重要纽带,探明陆岛连接交通工程对海岛地区景观格局时空演变的影响,对维护海岛地区生态环境质量,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。以福建省平潭综合试验区作为研究区域,利用2017-2022年10 m分辨率土地数据,借助面板回归模型,探究大陆-海岛交通连接工程对海岛区域景观格局时空演变的影响。结果表明:(1)2017-2022年,平潭综合试验区景观格局整体呈现斑块间连通性趋好、景观集聚性越来越高,破碎化程度、景观多样性和异质性程度在不断减弱;(2)在空间方面,平潭岛内与海岛边缘景观格局指数变化差异显著,集聚度及破碎化趋势岛内高于边缘地带;(3)面板回归模型显示,公铁大桥建设对景观蔓延度存在显著负面影响,说明公铁大桥开通在短时间内导致海岛整体景观格局趋向于破碎化。

混凝土施工技术在路桥施工中的应用研究

随着经济社会的快速发展,人们的生活水平越来越高,各种产业蓬勃发展。混凝土技术是工程施工过程中的一项重要技术,在路桥工程中的应用对提高工程质量具有重要价值。因此,从研究混凝土施工技术的特点入手,分析混凝土施工技术在混凝土中的应用,并结合实际施工分析其控制难点,旨在促进混凝土施工技术的有效应用,切实提高路桥工程质量。

项目驱动与合作学习主导的交通类专业教学模式研究

如今,我国的教育事业正面临着全面的发展及改革,在教学过程中,必须强调培养学生的学科理论知识及专业应用能力,强调理论与实践相结合的教学目标,加大学生的学科思维培养力度,并让教学从“教师教,学生学”转变为“教学生如何学”。基于这一背景,项目驱动教学法与合作学习教学法取得了不错的成果。文章讨论了以项目驱动教学法和合作学习教学法主导的交通类专业教学模式,致力于创新教学方法,强调培养高素质、专业化的应用型人才,以便为国家的建设及发展贡献力量。

风电场道路加宽设计的运动学理论模型

针对现有风电场道路加宽设计取值较大且有时不满足运输需求的问题,该文以理论力学中的刚体运动学原理为基础,利用速度投影定理,结合设计速度、圆曲线半径、路线转角值等因素,构建风电场道路加宽设计理论模型;基于该模型,结合风电场常用运输车辆参数,定量分析圆曲线半径、转角值、车辆尺寸对加宽值的影响;并与现行技术标准中的加宽参数进行对比分析,结果表明基于运动学理论加宽设计模型能有效减小道路加宽值。该文研究成果旨在为风电场道路及具有类似特殊运输需求的道路设计提供理论依据。

大功率带式输送机变频驱动方式比较研究

以某输煤项目为研究对象,分析了该项目大功率带式输送机的驱动配置特点,对比了2种主流变频驱动方式在项目应用中的技术优缺点,全面系统归纳了2种主流变频驱动方式的初期投资成本差异,计算得出了75%负载下2种变频驱动方式的项目耗电量差值,给出了永磁同步变频电机的选型建议。

BIM+智慧工地在青岛港自动化码头三期工程中的创新应用

2017年5月山东港口青岛港全自动化集装箱码头正式投产运营,并实现当年投产当年盈利。2021年底着手开展三期工程建设。高质量如期完成施工是自动化码头尽快投入生产的关键。因此本项目结合智慧工地的建设,在质量、工期、效益等方面走在前列,用科学、信息化的手段建设港口工程,在绿色港口科技创新方面做出努力和探索。

交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制实践现状及完善路径

“揭榜挂帅”制是我国现有科技体制改革的重要部分,其在交通运输行业科技创新实践中处于探索阶段,对实践情况进行总结并提出完善路径具有重要实践价值。通过分析交通科技项目特点,以及交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制实践情况,研究交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制组织实施特征及存在的问题。研究发现,交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制项目主要分为政府主导、政府引导、企业组织三大类;存在经验不足、行业引导待强化、企业活力需激发、部分制度含糊缺失、实施细节不够明确等主要实践困境。对此,建议多维度拓展立项渠道,厘清思路加强行业引导,多方面破除惯性提升企业活力,完善资金、容错、奖惩制度并细化操作规程,以保障制度优势发挥。

长输管道项目施工过程结算问题探析

经过60余年的发展,中国建成了较为完善的石油天然气长输管道基础设施网络。随着国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司的成立,管道行业建设迎来又一个高峰期。目前,中国长输管道项目结算正在从传统的竣工结算向施工过程结算转变。为此,文章在介绍长输管道项目结算特点的基础上,分析了长输管道项目推行施工过程结算的必要性,指出了施工过程结算存在的问题并提出相关建议和措施。