Gradient effect of road transportation on economic development in different geomorphic regions

The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau counties.Using statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are discussed.Subsequently,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the decline.Similarly,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau counties.Regional imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village road.Regarding the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over time.Particularly noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical gradients.On average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the lowlands.In contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in plains.With regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic units.The conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.

Road transport and urban air quality in China

This paper takes a comprehensive view at transportationrelated air pollution problems and solution options. While the transport infrastructure in major Chinese cities is briefed, the environmental impacts of transport activities on urban air quality are discussed in detail. Not only the contribution of automotive emissions to the CO, NMHC and NO\-x pollution in urban areas is reviewed, but also concerns over the carcinogenic emissions, lead deposition and noise are presented. From a lifecycle view point, the impacts of motorway construction, as well as those from scrapped cars, car batteries and old tires in China have been taken into account. In the second part of this paper, the current technical efforts to curb vehicular emissions are evaluated. The performances of unleaded petrol, domestic catalytic converters, and fuel injection systems have been assessed. Options of cleaner alternative fuels and “green” vehicles are discussed, with both the life-cycle impacts and economic feasibility emphasized. Policy and management aspects for effective pollution control are tackled. In particular, speculations about potential economic incentives and legislative measures for vehicular pollution control are presented.

Options for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategies for Road Transportation in Oman

Oman is a fast developing country where about 76% of registered vehicles as of 2014 were private cars with approximately one private car per household. The growth of automobile is faster than the growth of human population. From 2000-2009, Omani population has increased by 2% per annum while automobile usage in the country has increased by 4.3%. The leadership of Sultanate of Oman has pledged to cut down greenhouse (GHG) emissions by 2% as a commitment to United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Due to very limited public transportation system, traffic congestion and emission from vehicles are high during working days since majority of individuals uses private vehicles as only means of transport. This paper seeks to combine mitigation measures adopted in selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and UNFCCC to suggest cost-effective measures suitable in reducing GHG emissions from road transportation sector in Oman. These measures will specifically reduce vehicular emissions during working days where car occupancy rates are very low in an economically sustainable way.

Energy Conservation in China’s Road Transport: Policy Analysis

Energy consumption for transport purposes has increased rapidly in China over the past decade. China’s transport industry has undergone remarkable developments in energy conservation through structural, technological and managerial measures. The paper analyzes energy-conservation policies and measures related to road transport in China. The paper also identifies constraints for these policies and measures. The transport management authorities face a series of difficulties associated with methods, costs, public awareness, and management systems. Suggestions for improvement are also offered, including promotion of energy-efficient private vehicles, advances in business vehicle energy conservation, exploiting the energy potential of urban traffic and infrastructure development for energy-efficient clean vehicles.

Political and Economic Analysis of the South Silk Road： from a Transportation Safety Perspective

With a long history, the South Silk Road has been and will continue to be an important corridor of economic, political, cultural and religious exchange between Southwest China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, West Asia and Europe. The transportation corridor established by the South Silk Road has both important strategic significance and value for China's transportation safety, and the potential to bring huge political and economic benefits to our country. However, all kinds of challenges and threats need to be dealt with in order for it to achieve strategic value and play the role of a transportation corridor, thereby ensuring China's strategic security.

Discussion on Road Traffic Problems and “Public Transport Priority” Policy in the Macao Peninsula

The roads on the Macao Peninsula are famous for their short, fast, and small features. At the same time, due to the protection of historical and cultural sites, the road network system is mostly based on the planning and design of the previous road network system. Although the planning of the contemporary road network system is quite unique, it has not been considered to the contemporary transporting needs of the citizens of Macao. At the same time, the complexity of the road network makes zonings unobvious functional and mixes urban functions in the region. Therefore, through field surveys, the relevant data of the Macao Transport Bureau (DSAT) is combined to find out the current problems of the road traffic on the Macao Peninsula and analyze the strategy of optimizing the “public transport priority” public transportation prove system. At Last, regarding the citizen as the core and find out the relationship between passengers and the public transportation system to explore the future development direction of the road traffic planning and design of the Macao Peninsula will become the main direction of this study.

中国典型城市交通出行特征及未来道路交通演变研究

为建立适合不同城市特点的交通体系,并明确定位汽车在其中承担的作用,文章首先从外部环境和交通工具两大维度出发,建立了表征城市整体交通出行情况的多层级评价体系;并基于一级指标的得分,对选取的9座中国典型城市的交通出行特征进行了聚类分析,确定了城市的不同类型;然后通过多元回归分析,识别了影响城市道路交通的主要因素;最后通过相关因素变化的情景假设,预测了各城市道路交通效率可能的演变情况,并提出了相关政策建议。

驾驶疲劳对危险化学品道路运输事故风险的影响规律

近年来,随着危险化学品使用量的急剧攀升,危险化学品道路运输事故率也呈现上升的趋势,且此类事故的发生往往会导致严重后果。为研究危险化学品道路运输事故动态风险变化规律,在修正贝叶斯网络模型基础上,利用2017—2021年历史数据进行机器学习,根据驾驶疲劳程度计算得到“驾驶人行为”动态节点的状态转移概率矩阵,建立基于动态贝叶斯网络(Dynamic Bayesian Network,DBN)的危险化学品道路运输动态风险预测模型并进行推理分析。研究显示:在驾驶3 h内,驾驶人“疲劳驾驶”发生概率随时间推移而增加,但增幅有所下降;在最常见情境下,随驾驶人“疲劳驾驶”概率增加,“侧翻”和“碰撞”事故类型的发生概率明显增加,进而导致“泄漏”事故后果的发生概率有所增加;驾驶人“疲劳驾驶”概率增加会导致“有伤亡事故”发生概率增加,即加重事故的严重程度;在驾驶3 h内,“侧翻”“碰撞”“泄漏”和“有伤亡事故”发生概率的变化趋势与驾驶人“疲劳驾驶”发生概率的变化趋势一致。

多船型多种类应急物资水陆联运调度算例分析

建立多品类应急物资在跨城综合运输路径的优化模型,并根据货船在港口之间的往返运输情形设计港口货船调度模块,在此基础上,融合粒子群算法解决物资在各运输阶段对中转节点选择的问题。通过设置两种不同型号货船的仿真计算对比试验,优化结果分析,验证本文所提出算法的有效性,为应急灾害的运输决策问题提供行之有效的解决方案。

道路网对美丽乡村建设成效的影响

为使道路网建设有效促进美丽乡村建设水平的提高,对道路网影响美丽乡村建设成效的内在规律进行了系统研究。首先,从人居环境、基础设施、经济条件三个维度解析了道路网对美丽乡村建设的影响作用理论机制;接着,在该机制框架下构建了影响因子体系,并通过集成道路网及其关联的多种地理数据设计了各影响因子的测算方法;最后,应用地理加权回归模型进行了实证研究,分析了各影响因子对西安市美丽乡村建设成效考评结果的实际贡献,并通过诊断贡献强度的空间分异提出了相应的对策建议。研究表明:乡村社会经济系统的复杂性决定了道路网影响美丽乡村建设必然是一个多因素作用的复杂过程,具体来说:与美丽乡村建设成效呈负相关关系的影响因子有水电布设难易度、生态环境扰动度及公共服务稀缺度;与美丽乡村建设成效呈正相关关系的影响因子有生产生活可达度、特色经营适宜度及产业振兴发展度;因乡镇街道级小尺度地方性特征差异,以上6个影响因子各自的局域作用强度会有所不同;借助地理信息系统技术挖掘、整合与道路网相关的各类信息数据,是填补乡村交通研究中常见数据缺口的创新方向。

ComplexTrans-Global Rail-Road Transportation System Economical and Clustered Individual and Individualised Public Transport also Prevents the Spread of Covid 19

Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.

区块链在城市道路智能交通中的应用综述

从安全、共享、运营三个方面介绍了区块链在城市道路智能交通中的应用。在安全方面,区块链的去中心化和不可篡改的特性能够保护数据信息安全和用户隐私安全;在共享方面,区块链的激励机制促进了车辆计算资源和交通信息的共享;在运营方面,区块链的不可篡改和可追溯性保证了运营中对交通违章准确有效的溯源,利用共识机制让交通信号灯配时更加高效。此外,分析了区块链在城市道路智能交通应用中存在的不足,并展望了区块链在城市道路智能交通领域的未来发展方向。

基于DNV SAFETI Route模型的危险货物道路运输风险模拟

DNV SAFETI Route运输路线模型是专业的运输活动风险评估模型,根据所有可能发生事故的地点分布潜在事故的总频率,计算出沿线的总体风险水平。选择事故场景为大孔泄漏,对发生泄漏情景引发的火灾、爆炸和毒性物质扩散事故后果进行预测。根据后果预测结果,进而可以得到周边防护目标所承受的个人风险和社会风险曲线。

城市水灾下交通路网基础设施(群)韧性研究综述

从韧性研究角度出发,结合水动力模型与交通流理论,对城市水灾下交通路网基础设施(群)分析理论、运行机制、模型构建、安全管控、恢复提升等进行分析与阐述.首先,运用文献计量法,分析水灾下路网韧性研究概况与发展历程,明晰城市水灾下路网分析方向热点与演进历程;其次,从城市水淹计算与水灾交通路网2个角度,系统梳理城市雨洪场景与设施交互的计算理论;进而,分别从交通路网基础设施与城市水灾之间的相互影响、地上立交枢纽与地下交通设施水灾分析以及水灾下城市交通路网韧性分析与度量出发,阐述城市水灾与交通路网基础设施交互机制;然后,从灾前预防、灾中调度以及灾后恢复3个阶段,说明城市路网水灾处置与性能恢复策略.最后,归纳既有研究面临的主要问题与挑战,并从基于信息物理融合的智能调度、计入垂向尺度的交通设施抗水分析、面向实际场景的高精度恢复模型等方面,对极端气候下城市交通路网基础设施(群)韧性研究未来方向进行研判.

“一带一路”视角下甘肃交通枢纽的发展思路和策略

从全球贸易新格局和国内国际双循环角度分析“一带一路”给甘肃带来新要求的基础上,剖析甘肃交通枢纽发展的基础条件,明确甘肃枢纽定位,提出强化枢纽聚能、发挥枢纽辐射带动效应,构筑对外通道、实现对外快速通达,提升对外运输服务水平、打造对外开放平台,拓展枢纽服务功能、打造枢纽经济的甘肃交通枢纽发展策略,助力甘肃打造“一带一路”枢纽高地。

自然灾害下的山区道路网络关键节点识别与抗毁性分析

为预防自然灾害对山区道路节点结构和性能造成影响,对山区道路网络进行关键节点识别与抗毁性分析。考虑山区道路特性,将道路坡度比和道路等级纳入到关键节点识别因素中,提出考虑山区特性的L空间下山区道路无向加权网络构建方法,改进原有引力模型,考虑度中心值、介数中心值、节点核心位置和特征向量中心值的综合评估法,以网络最大连通度和全局效率作为网络抗毁性的评估指标,采用随机攻击和蓄意攻击两种策略模拟山区道路遭受灾害时的直接和间接影响。为避免灾害造成的级联失效影响,以网络节点破坏规模为评估指标,通过不同初始负载参数下关键阈值变化探究所需的最佳额外负载。选取昆明山区道路为研究对象,研究表明:改进的引力模型在山区网络关键节点评估中具有较高适用性,综合评估法提高了关键节点识别的全面性和准确度,所提出的级联失效模型能够有效界定初始负载参数的合理区间,最大限度地减少了山区网络预防灾害所需的附加负载。

人工智能赋能低空经济:应用场景与未来方向

低空经济是指以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器在海拔3000米以下的各类飞行活动作为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的新兴经济形态和效益。2024年全国两会期间,“低空经济”被写入政府工作报告。报告提出,“积极培育新兴产业和未来产业”“积极打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎”。我们可以通过解析人工智能赋能低空经济、大数据驱动的部分应用场景(智慧城市建设、智慧交通运输、智慧路桥监测、智慧农业农村),理解低空经济创造的新质生产力,探讨低空经济推进智慧城乡建设和国家经济发展的逻辑与路径。

基于DEMATEL-ISM的国内甩挂运输发展影响因素研究

为了降低国内社会物流成本、提升运输效率、支持国家绿色化物流发展、推广先进运输方式,对国内甩挂运输发展的影响因素进行研究。集成决策实验室分析(DEMATEL)法和解释结构模型(ISM)法,运用Python软件构建了国内甩挂运输发展影响因素的多层递阶结构模型,并基于模型分析了影响因素之间的递阶关系。结果表明:1)政府扶持力度X_(3)和发展现代物流意识X_(13)这2个因素的重要程度远高于其他发展因素,作为原因因素直接或间接影响每个发展因素;2)运输平台网络构建水平X_(10)作为强结果因素,主要受到大数据技术应用情况X_(11)和“互联网+”模式结合情况X_(12)等强原因因素的影响;3)甩挂运输联盟是发展国内甩挂运输的中坚因素,但其内部具有不稳定性。因此,针对国内甩挂运输发展问题,应重点关注政府扶持力度和发展现代物流意识,并加快甩挂运输联盟向甩挂运输平台转化,甩挂运输联盟内部建议采用新技术保证联盟健康发展。研究结果可为发展国内甩挂运输提供思路,从而促进实现物流行业的可持续性发展。

物联网技术在弹药集装箱公路运输中的应用

在新时期,对弹药运输的要求越来越高,相关工作的成效,不仅关系到国防事业的发展,还关系到以弹药业务为主导的产业发展,因此,要提高对其的重视程度,加强运输管理,做到与时俱进。由于武器装备的运送需要以最小的成本、最短的时间、最大的安全和最小的风险为出发点,所以运送管理者必须对其进行全面的计划、协同运作,并进行全面的分析,寻找出最优的运送路径与方式,以达到预定的运送目的。通过该项目的实施,可以使弹药运输网络最优、道路分级管理更加科学,提高弹药运输的能力与水平,减少弹药事故发生,为弹药运输工作的高质量、高效率的进行提供支撑。

智慧交通系统中关于道路交通事故处理方面的应用

随着城市交通压力增大,传统管理模式难适应需求,智慧交通系统应运而生。提出一种基于残差网络的智能轻微交通事故处理系统,能自动预处理事故现场图像,利用残差网络构建事故损伤鉴定模型,通过深度学习技术自动识别和评估车辆损伤程度。同时,利用大数据与AI技术进行迁移学习,提取并融合多车事故多角度图像特征,构建事故责任鉴定模型,为智能交通系统发展提供新思路。