An evolutionary model of urban bus transport network based on B-space

In this paper, an evolutionary model of bus transport network in B-space is developed. It includes the effect of the overlapping ratio of new route on network performance and overcomes the disadvantage, i.e. lack of economic consideration, in the evolutionary bus transport network model in P-space proposed by Chen et al （2007）. The degree distribution functions are derived by using the mean-field method and the master equation method, separately. The relationship between the new stop ratio of a route, λ, and the error in exponential of degree distribution function from the mean-field method is developed as ASlope= λ/（1 -λ） ＋ ln（1-λ）. Finally, the bus transport networks of Hangzhou and Nanjing are simulated by using this model, and the results show that some characteristic index values of the simulated networks are closer to the empirical data than those from Chen＇s model.

Research Progress and Preliminary Scheme of Space Transportation System for Human Mars Exploration

Human Mars exploration has significant values in terms of exploring extraterrestrial life,interplanetary immigration,promoting science and technology development,and the progress of human society.This paper summarizes the research progress on human Mars exploration and the corresponding proposed space transportation systems in the world,and analyzes the development trends.A preliminary scheme including the human Mars exploration mission architecture and corresponding space transportation system is then proposed,and the related key technologies are identified.The results can be a reference for future further research.

Power and Cross-Spectra for the Turbulent Atmospheric Motion and Transports in the Domain of Wave Number Frequency Space: Theoretical Aspects

The study of large-scale atmospheric turbulence and transport processes is of vital importance in the general circulation of the atmosphere. The governing equations of the power and cross-spectra for the atmospheric motion and transports in the domain of wave number frequency space have been derived. The contributions of the nonlinear interactions of the atmospheric waves in velocity and temperature fields to the conversion of kinetic and potential energies and to the meridional transports of angular momentum and sensible heat in the atmosphere have been discussed.

基于Space-P复杂网络模型的城市公交网络特性分析

针对城市公交网络中换乘网络的整体性能分析问题,提出一种基于复杂网络理论的分析方法。首先,基于图论思想,将公交网络建模成由Space-P方法表示的公交换乘网络拓扑模型;然后,统计分析了公交换乘网络的度分布、平均最短路径长度、聚类系数、紧密中心性和介数中心性等特性。以北京市的公交网络为例进行了相关分析,从宏观角度说明北京公交网络具有小世界网络特点,市民出行需要换乘的概率较大,但换乘较为便捷;同时,给出了相关站点的具体地理信息,为公交规划部门优化公交网络提供了参考。

基于Space L的公共交通网络拓扑结构特性分析

遵循复杂网络建模的一般方法,构建了Space L网络模型。以成都市公共交通网络为例进行了节点度与度分布、平均路径长度、聚集系数、点权和边权等拓扑特征分析。结果表明,在L空间下成都市公交网络的聚集系数大、特征路径长度小,具有典型“小世界特征”;节点度的累积概率分布呈指数变化,表明成都市公交网络是一个随机进化增长网络;从点权边权可以得到高笋塘—火车北站公交站路段可以考虑布局换乘枢纽。基于Space L,从蓄意攻击和随机攻击两个方面分析成都公交网络的鲁棒性,得出保障网络运行安全的关键站点,进而优化城市公交网络和枢纽布局。

Multi-objective Collaborative Optimization for Scheduling Aircraft Landing on Closely Spaced Parallel Runways Based on Genetic Algorithms

A scheduling model of closely spaced parallel runways for arrival aircraft was proposed,with multi-objections of the minimum flight delay cost,the maximum airport capacity,the minimum workload of air traffic controller and the maximum fairness of airlines′scheduling.The time interval between two runways and changes of aircraft landing order were taken as the constraints.Genetic algorithm was used to solve the model,and the model constrained unit delay cost of the aircraft with multiple flight tasks to reduce its delay influence range.Each objective function value or the fitness of particle unsatisfied the constrain condition would be punished.Finally,one domestic airport hub was introduced to verify the algorithm and the model.The results showed that the genetic algorithm presented strong convergence and timeliness for solving constraint multi-objective aircraft landing problem on closely spaced parallel runways,and the optimization results were better than that of actual scheduling.

Analysis on EAST LHCD Operation Space by Using Simple Core-SOL-Divertor Model

A simple core-SOL-divertor model （CSD model） was developed to investigate qual- itatively the overall features of the operational space for the integrated core and edge plasma. In the CSD model, the core plasma model of ITER physics guidelines and the two-point SOL-divertor model are applied, This CSD model is validated by the two dimensional divertor transport code （B2-EIRINE） and by the JT-60U divertor recycling database, and this model is applicable to the low- and high-recycling state of the divertor plasma. The CSD model is applied to the study of the EAST operational space with lower hybrid current drive under various kinds of trade-off for the basic plasma parameters, and the relationship between the operational space and the plasma discharge duration is also discussed.

Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Characteristics in Low-density Polyethylene Nanocomposite Under External DC Electric Field

The dynamic characteristics of space charge in nanocomposite of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mixed with inorganic nano- fillers. Different from previous qualitatively theoretical works, we investigated the influence of trap depth, trap volume charge density and injection barrier height on the space charge and the electric field distribution in the nanocomposite under a DC external electric field (100 MV/m) systematically and quantificationally, through numerical simulations based on a bipolar charge transport model. The simulation re- sults showed that, the increase of trap depth would severely distort the balanced electric field distribution with the highest and the lowest electric field of 119 MV/m and 47 MV/m, respectively. It is concluded that the introduction of nanofillers creates more deep traps, which would block space charges by capturing most of them in the vicinity of electrode and hence reduce the local electric field largely. Further theoretical analysis of the simulation indicates that both the high permittivity and the low local electric field of the nanocomposite contri- buted to the increase of injection barrier height, and almost no charge could overcome an injection barrier higher than 1.25 eV. At last, a mechanism of space charge suppression in the LDPE nanocomposite was presented.

2023年国外航天领域发展综述

为及时、准确地了解2023年度国外航天领域的发展动向,对国外航天运输领域、弹道导弹领域以及高超声速技术领域的最新发展情况进行了全面梳理,涉及美、俄等各国航天领域的重点型号研发、飞行试验情况以及重大热点事件等,并通过综述分析对2024年国外航天领域的发展进行了展望。

Research Progress in Aerospace Vehicles Propelled by Rocket-Based Combined Cycle Engines

The research status on the development of RBCC engines and corresponding aerospace vehicles around the world was overviewed,and the technical and application characteristics of RBCC technology were summarized.New development trends of combined cycle engines as well as space transportation were analyzed,and lastly,some suggestions on the development of RBCC and the relative aerospace vehicles were proposed.

走向深空的航天运输系统

本文围绕未来航天运输系统的发展问题,梳理了世界航天大国的航天活动及发展规划,研判了当前世界航天发展的主要态势,并据此对未来航天运输系统的能力需求进行分析;在此基础上,分析了当前国内外运输系统发展现状,针对未来大规模进出空间、空间转移运输以及载人火星探测提出了任务模式构想以及初步的运输系统方案,为我国后续航天运输系统发展及规划提供参考。

复合联运物流运输网络建模与路径优化

在全球经济一体化背景下,物流行业成为不可或缺的经济支柱之一,在经济中的作用不断显现,复合联运逐渐成为物流行业的重要运输方式。以空铁海复合联运作为研究对象,构建不同的搜索空间,确定边界条件并分析货运影响参数,包括时间、成本、距离。以遗传算法为原则,求解建立空铁海复合联运模型并进行路径优化。确定3组节点组,每组都包含普通货物、特殊货物、航线拥堵3种情况,分别优化成本、时间、距离,为复合联运业务提供路径选择依据。通过分析,在规定的搜索空间内分别选出了最优时间路线、最优成本路线、最优距离路线。期望可以在物流运输过程中实现降本增效、减少风险、提高行业竞争力的目的。

运输能力受限下分段建造的时空调度问题

分段建造作为船舶整个建造流程的关键环节之一,其空间资源和时间资源的动态协调性严重影响着船舶建造周期和订单交付。针对分段建造船体车间空间有限、时间组织和空间组织不协调,以及以往分段建造时空调度相关研究忽略运输能力限制等问题,以最大完工时间最小、总提前与延期惩罚值最小为优化目标,以空间大小、加工小组的异质性、运输设备的差异性与运输限制为约束条件,构建多目标时空调度模型,并基于交付期优先规则、空间定位规则和关键阻碍规则提出混合粒子群算法进行求解,最终以某船厂分段建造为例进行实例验证,结果表明:所提出的模型与算法有效降低了分段完工时间,提高了分段建造的准时化水平。研究结可为船舶智能制造以及分段制造执行系统(MES)的实际应用提供一种方法基础。

基于GIS的公交换乘网络构建及可达性分析

为了提高公交换乘效率、优化公交系统,基于GIS软件构建公交换乘网络,运用该网络对换乘可达性进行了测度和分析.结合Space-P模型和网络分析法,以拉萨市城关区为研究区域,基于公交线路路径、站点、交叉口等基本信息构建同站换乘子网络.结合公交站点服务范围、步行通道路径、交叉口等信息构建异站换乘子网络.二者协同实现了基于ArcGIS的公交换乘网络构建,并依据该网络对公交线路的乘客在车时间和换乘系数进行测度和分析.结果表明:构建的换乘网络能够对乘客在车时间进行良好的测度,乘客在车时间最大值为68.68 min,最小值为2.00 min,乘客换乘在车时间平均值为29.90 min.该换乘网络能够对换乘系数进行良好的测度,得到有效换乘线路90 300条,换乘系数最大为4条(线路为62条),最小为0条(线路为1 354条).采用可达性度量模型,可实现对公交站点时间可达性和换乘可达性的良好测度和分析.

铁路冷链运输服务产品发展研究

铁路冷链运输服务产品的发展是我国综合运输体系下的重要组成部分。在阐述冷链市场需求的基础上,从运输货物品类、基础设施配备及服务产品特性等方面重点分析Rail Express、CoolRail、Trans Cold Express等国外铁路冷链运输服务产品,并结合国外运营经验,针对国内现有服务产品提出问题分析并给出发展建议;同时合理整合冷链运输服务产品,分析成组式、整列式及混合运输服务产品特性及前景趋势,最终通过采用改良的车站作业时空网络图,实现了对冷藏集装箱的车站作业流程以及区间运行的描述,满足了冷藏集装箱全程性、时效性的要求,更好地服务铁路冷链运输发展。

智慧交通与低空经济协同发展的空间规划策略研究

随着技术革命与空间革命对人类社会的加速重塑,推动智慧交通系统与低空经济的协同发展成为构建三维立体城市空间的关键路径。基于空间协同理论、复杂系统理论、空间句法理论、新经济地理学理论、韧性城市理论等,分析智慧交通系统的空间布局特征和低空经济的空间发展模式,探索两者的空间协同机制和协同发展的空间规划策略。研究发现,智慧交通系统为低空经济提供了高效的地面支撑和空间信息服务,低空经济的发展推动了智慧交通系统向三维空间的延伸和创新;低空经济的空间发展模式正在形成一个立体化、网络化、智能化的新型城市空间体系,通过科学规划低空交通走廊、合理布局空中枢纽、优化地空接驳设施的空间分布,低空经济能够创造出新的城市空间形态和经济增长点;智慧交通与低空经济的空间协同机制体现了城市系统的复杂性和整体性,可以通过空间布局、技术应用和管理制度的协同,构建三维立体交通网络,优化空地一体化枢纽布局,推进智慧空间信息系统建设,完善空间规划法规和管理机制等,形成新型城市空间治理模式,推动城市向智能、高效、宜居的方向发展。

客货共运模式的高铁货运发展空间分析

在铁路运输技术不断改善的背景下,高速铁路的运输条件得到了大力改善,运力也得到了相应增加,货物运输变得更加快捷、安全、可靠。利用高铁开展快捷货物运输可以满足高附加值、高时效要求的快递市场需求。针对该现状,考虑高铁、高速公路和民航之间的货运竞争,在由若干OD形成的货运网络中,以客运动车组预留车厢模式下总运输利润最大为目标,构建基于多目标的客货共运模式的高铁货运双层规划模型,计算货运网络中高铁的运价以及货流量在高铁快运网络中的分布。通过NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法,求出Pareto最优解。最后以京沪间快递运输为例,验证所建模型的有效性。算例结果表明:预留货运车厢模式对于高铁客运的影响较小,可以增加高铁的盈利能力,在一些客运量不足的短途高铁线路上可以开展客货共运模式,以增加高铁收益,增强高铁在短途运输中对于公路货运的竞争力。

武汉东站枢纽地下换乘空间主体结构设计

武汉东站枢纽是集铁路、地铁、公交、出租、社会车辆等多种交通方式于一体的大型综合交通枢纽,其地下换乘空间包含国铁地下空间和2号线地铁站主体结构,并与站房地下通道、站前地下广场连通。文章结合武汉东站枢纽地下换乘空间建筑功能要求,分析了其主体结构设计,以保证地下换乘空间的安全性与合理性,可供类似地下结构设计参考。

我国空间推进技术领域发展思考与建议

我国空间推进技术领域历经60余年发展形成了较完善的技术体系和较丰富的产品谱系,支持了载人航天、应用卫星、深空探测等重大工程应用;面向我国航天领域未来规划、重大工程和科学项目的应用需求,空间推进系统现有的技术水平存在不足,亟需谋划创新发展和突破方向。本文从电推进、化学推进、核推进、新概念空间推进等角度出发,系统梳理了空间推进系统的发展现状;重点提炼了高性能、低成本的空间推进系统支撑低轨小卫星组网发展,大推力、可重复使用的低温化学推进技术推动新型空间运输系统发展,多类型、长寿命的空间推进技术保障深空关键应用等未来应用需求。研究认为,我国空间推进技术领域面临系统可靠性和寿命亟需进一步提高、部分领域的产品成熟度与国际先进水平差距明显、产品成本高、可选推进技术种类少且重点技术研究滞后等迫切挑战,需开展顶层规划、优化技术选择,重视基础研究、构建发展机制,在重点技术方向上分类推进科研攻关,尽快实现低轨小卫星、地月空间转移、深空探测(含载人航天)用推进系统的技术突破与在轨应用。

虚拟编组下基于跟驰模型的列车群运行控制方法研究

高速铁路移动闭塞方式下运输能力与运输需求之间依然存在缺口,虚拟编组是未来提高运输能力的新方式。本文基于虚拟编组概念,受道路交通跟驰模型启发,引入列车动力学和运动学理论,根据相邻两列车之间的速度和距离关系,提出一种新的追踪列车加速度调整策略,建立相应的列车群虚拟编组加速度控制模型,当实现列车群的虚拟编组时,列车群中所有列车的速度相等,任意相邻列车之间的间距等于期望间距,同时,能够确保列车安全与乘客舒适度。本文以CRH380A动车组为背景验证模型,算例仿真结果表明,本文提出的加速度调整策略能有效实现列车群的虚拟编组;与移动闭塞方式相比,采取虚拟编组方式达到列车协同的时间减少9.7%,列车间距缩小10.1%,效率更高;将列车群视为一个整体时,实现虚拟编组的时间比将整个列车群分为多组时更短。