Liver cirrhosis is the common endpoint of many hepatic diseases and represents a relevant risk for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.The progress of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is accompanied by deterioratin...Liver cirrhosis is the common endpoint of many hepatic diseases and represents a relevant risk for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.The progress of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is accompanied by deteriorating liver function.This review summarizes the regulatory and functional changes in phase Ⅰ and phaseⅡmetabolic enzymes as well as transport proteins and provides an overview regarding lipid and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients.Interestingly,phase Ⅰ enzymes are generally down regulated transcriptionally,while phaseⅡenzymes are mostly preserved transcriptionally but are reduced in their function.Transport proteins are regulated in a specific way that resembles the molecular changes observed in obstructive cholestasis.Lipid and glucose metabolism are characterized by insulin resistance and catabolism,leading to the disturbance of energy expenditure and wasting.Possible non-invasive tests,especially breath tests,for components of liver metabolism are discussed.The heterogeneity and complexity of changes in hepatic metabolism complicate the assessment of liver function in individual patients.Additionally,studies in humans are rare,and species differences preclude the transferability of data from rodents to humans.In clinical practice,some established global scores or criteria form the basis for the functional evaluation of patients with liver cirrhosis,but difficult treatment decisions such as selection for transplantation or resection require further research regarding the application of existing non-invasive tests and the development of more specific tests.展开更多
The thesis selects freight volume and passenger capacity from 1978 to 2008 in Zhejiang Province and the total output value of the primary industry as the object of research, uses quantitative method of co-integration ...The thesis selects freight volume and passenger capacity from 1978 to 2008 in Zhejiang Province and the total output value of the primary industry as the object of research, uses quantitative method of co-integration analysis to analyze the freight volume and passenger capacity, and the total output value of the primary industry in Zhejiang Province. After the stationary test of the time sequence, I conduct the regression analysis of the relationship between freight volume and the total output value of agriculture, and the relationship between passenger capacity and the total output value of agriculture. In addition, I conduct Granger causality test of the relationship between freight volume and passenger capacity, and the total output value of agriculture. The results show that the transportation of Zhejiang Province has promoted the development of agricultural economy prominently, and the development of agricultural economy plays indistinctive role in promoting the transportation volume in Zhejiang Province.展开更多
In this study, we carried out model tests to investigate the ice failure process and the resistance experienced by a transport vessel navigating in the Arctic region in pack ice conditions. We tested different navigat...In this study, we carried out model tests to investigate the ice failure process and the resistance experienced by a transport vessel navigating in the Arctic region in pack ice conditions. We tested different navigation velocities, ice plate sizes, and ice concentrations. During the tests, we closely observed several phenomena, including the modes of interaction of the ice ship and the moving and failure modes of ice. We also measured the vessel resistances under different conditions. The test results indicate that the navigation velocity is a significant determinant of the moving and failure modes of ice. Moreover, vessel resistance is remarkably dependent on the ice concentration and navigation velocity. The variances of the mean and maximum resistance are also compared and discussed in detail.展开更多
基于车车通信的TACS(Train Autonomous Control System)列车运行系统通过深度融合车载控制系统和信号系统来实现线路资源管理、列车定位及追踪运行等各项关键功能,对可靠性和安全性的要求严格。针对TACS系统在复杂场景下的车载设备测试...基于车车通信的TACS(Train Autonomous Control System)列车运行系统通过深度融合车载控制系统和信号系统来实现线路资源管理、列车定位及追踪运行等各项关键功能,对可靠性和安全性的要求严格。针对TACS系统在复杂场景下的车载设备测试存在输入空间组合爆炸、测试用例冗余甚至无效等问题,提出一种车载设备分阶段组合测试方法。首先,以TACS车载设备自动折返场景为研究对象,依据相关规范文件分析其功能需求,提出测试阶段的划分原则与方法,辨识各个阶段下的测试参数、取值及约束,建立各阶段测试模型。其次,提出一种基于测试需求分阶段优化覆盖的组合测试用例生成算法,通过计算各阶段下的测试需求,采用基于贪婪覆盖策略的算法,结合Z3约束求解器,动态生成组合测试用例,实现约束异构影响下的测试需求全覆盖。最后,得到满足约束条件和覆盖强度的车载设备测试用例集。研究结果表明:该方法能够生成满足约束及覆盖率的测试用例集,有效减少了同一场景下模型间67.75%的冗余覆盖;与主流测试工具进行对比,该方法在覆盖强度为2时减少约50%的冗余测试用例,在覆盖强度为3时减少约36%的冗余测试用例。研究成果通过提高测试用例集的精简性,有效地降低了测试成本,为TACS车载设备测试用例的生成提供了参考。展开更多
以无人驾驶小巴为代表的客运自动驾驶工具在公交微循环中发挥着重要作用,为实现无人驾驶技术的商业化规模运用,除了传统的车辆性能测试外,还需评估其在复杂场景下的表现。由于测试数据缺乏,评价模型适用场景单一和评价方法主观等问题,...以无人驾驶小巴为代表的客运自动驾驶工具在公交微循环中发挥着重要作用,为实现无人驾驶技术的商业化规模运用,除了传统的车辆性能测试外,还需评估其在复杂场景下的表现。由于测试数据缺乏,评价模型适用场景单一和评价方法主观等问题,导致以往评价偏差较大。本文针对无人驾驶小巴的表现构建综合评价体系,并在实测数据的基础上,采用博弈论组合赋权的优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)模型,对车辆在复杂场景下的表现进行综合评价。选取驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆智能性及车辆高效性这4个评价维度,并细分为12个客观评价指标。首先,通过实地测试采集无人驾驶小巴在运行场景中的数据;其次,利用基于博弈论的组合赋权法,对层次分析法和熵权法获得的权重进行组合;最后,为验证模型的有效性,运用TOPSIS模型对3条具有不同复杂度的测试路线进行综合评价值的计算。结果显示,无人驾驶小巴表现评价中,准则层的重要程度排序为车辆智能性、驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆高效性,指标层敏感指标则为自动驾驶状态、平均角速度。基于博弈论组合赋权的TOPSIS模型对不同场景复杂度路线进行的无人驾驶小巴表现评价结果与实际运行情况一致,展示了方法的有效性。展开更多
文摘Liver cirrhosis is the common endpoint of many hepatic diseases and represents a relevant risk for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.The progress of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is accompanied by deteriorating liver function.This review summarizes the regulatory and functional changes in phase Ⅰ and phaseⅡmetabolic enzymes as well as transport proteins and provides an overview regarding lipid and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients.Interestingly,phase Ⅰ enzymes are generally down regulated transcriptionally,while phaseⅡenzymes are mostly preserved transcriptionally but are reduced in their function.Transport proteins are regulated in a specific way that resembles the molecular changes observed in obstructive cholestasis.Lipid and glucose metabolism are characterized by insulin resistance and catabolism,leading to the disturbance of energy expenditure and wasting.Possible non-invasive tests,especially breath tests,for components of liver metabolism are discussed.The heterogeneity and complexity of changes in hepatic metabolism complicate the assessment of liver function in individual patients.Additionally,studies in humans are rare,and species differences preclude the transferability of data from rodents to humans.In clinical practice,some established global scores or criteria form the basis for the functional evaluation of patients with liver cirrhosis,but difficult treatment decisions such as selection for transplantation or resection require further research regarding the application of existing non-invasive tests and the development of more specific tests.
基金Supported by the Program of Characteristic Major (International Economy and Trade) of Zhejiang Province in the Year 2009(TZZ09084)
文摘The thesis selects freight volume and passenger capacity from 1978 to 2008 in Zhejiang Province and the total output value of the primary industry as the object of research, uses quantitative method of co-integration analysis to analyze the freight volume and passenger capacity, and the total output value of the primary industry in Zhejiang Province. After the stationary test of the time sequence, I conduct the regression analysis of the relationship between freight volume and the total output value of agriculture, and the relationship between passenger capacity and the total output value of agriculture. In addition, I conduct Granger causality test of the relationship between freight volume and passenger capacity, and the total output value of agriculture. The results show that the transportation of Zhejiang Province has promoted the development of agricultural economy prominently, and the development of agricultural economy plays indistinctive role in promoting the transportation volume in Zhejiang Province.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China, under Grant No. 51179123 and No. 51279131 and the Special Research Program of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China
文摘In this study, we carried out model tests to investigate the ice failure process and the resistance experienced by a transport vessel navigating in the Arctic region in pack ice conditions. We tested different navigation velocities, ice plate sizes, and ice concentrations. During the tests, we closely observed several phenomena, including the modes of interaction of the ice ship and the moving and failure modes of ice. We also measured the vessel resistances under different conditions. The test results indicate that the navigation velocity is a significant determinant of the moving and failure modes of ice. Moreover, vessel resistance is remarkably dependent on the ice concentration and navigation velocity. The variances of the mean and maximum resistance are also compared and discussed in detail.
文摘基于车车通信的TACS(Train Autonomous Control System)列车运行系统通过深度融合车载控制系统和信号系统来实现线路资源管理、列车定位及追踪运行等各项关键功能,对可靠性和安全性的要求严格。针对TACS系统在复杂场景下的车载设备测试存在输入空间组合爆炸、测试用例冗余甚至无效等问题,提出一种车载设备分阶段组合测试方法。首先,以TACS车载设备自动折返场景为研究对象,依据相关规范文件分析其功能需求,提出测试阶段的划分原则与方法,辨识各个阶段下的测试参数、取值及约束,建立各阶段测试模型。其次,提出一种基于测试需求分阶段优化覆盖的组合测试用例生成算法,通过计算各阶段下的测试需求,采用基于贪婪覆盖策略的算法,结合Z3约束求解器,动态生成组合测试用例,实现约束异构影响下的测试需求全覆盖。最后,得到满足约束条件和覆盖强度的车载设备测试用例集。研究结果表明:该方法能够生成满足约束及覆盖率的测试用例集,有效减少了同一场景下模型间67.75%的冗余覆盖;与主流测试工具进行对比,该方法在覆盖强度为2时减少约50%的冗余测试用例,在覆盖强度为3时减少约36%的冗余测试用例。研究成果通过提高测试用例集的精简性,有效地降低了测试成本,为TACS车载设备测试用例的生成提供了参考。
文摘以无人驾驶小巴为代表的客运自动驾驶工具在公交微循环中发挥着重要作用,为实现无人驾驶技术的商业化规模运用,除了传统的车辆性能测试外,还需评估其在复杂场景下的表现。由于测试数据缺乏,评价模型适用场景单一和评价方法主观等问题,导致以往评价偏差较大。本文针对无人驾驶小巴的表现构建综合评价体系,并在实测数据的基础上,采用博弈论组合赋权的优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)模型,对车辆在复杂场景下的表现进行综合评价。选取驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆智能性及车辆高效性这4个评价维度,并细分为12个客观评价指标。首先,通过实地测试采集无人驾驶小巴在运行场景中的数据;其次,利用基于博弈论的组合赋权法,对层次分析法和熵权法获得的权重进行组合;最后,为验证模型的有效性,运用TOPSIS模型对3条具有不同复杂度的测试路线进行综合评价值的计算。结果显示,无人驾驶小巴表现评价中,准则层的重要程度排序为车辆智能性、驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆高效性,指标层敏感指标则为自动驾驶状态、平均角速度。基于博弈论组合赋权的TOPSIS模型对不同场景复杂度路线进行的无人驾驶小巴表现评价结果与实际运行情况一致,展示了方法的有效性。
