The construction and hydrogeological area in the low hill, which is northwest of Laixi City and in the east of Shandong Province more precisely, is one of Dagu River's groundwater source. Regarding COD as the typi...The construction and hydrogeological area in the low hill, which is northwest of Laixi City and in the east of Shandong Province more precisely, is one of Dagu River's groundwater source. Regarding COD as the typical pollutant according to general situation of groundwater pollution in aforementioned area, a three-dimensional advection-dispersion model was established to simulate the transport of organic pollutants under two accident conditions. In addition, the effect of corresponding dispersity was analyzed. The results show that COD transport is mainly in accordance with the direction of groundwater flow, pollutant concentration and its gradient as well as the rule of narrower pollution range in deeper stratum. Moreover, COD is mainly transported and diffused in groundwater of sandy soil in the first and second layers. However, under accident condition II, the pollutant concentration begins to decay gradually after its transport and diffusion tends to be stable. Besides, in terms of dominance, dispersion is to transverse transport of pollutants what advection is to longitudinal transport. If considering random dispersion, the final results see higher peak concentration of COD and longer transverse distance from pollution center compared to transport route. What's more, the pollution plume changes and concentration isocline becomes slightly irregular.展开更多
China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） an...China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail （CIM）. For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China＇s initiative ＂the Belt and Road＂ promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics： the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS, the nature of the carrier＇s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS, period of responsibility; persons for whom the carder is liable.展开更多
文摘The construction and hydrogeological area in the low hill, which is northwest of Laixi City and in the east of Shandong Province more precisely, is one of Dagu River's groundwater source. Regarding COD as the typical pollutant according to general situation of groundwater pollution in aforementioned area, a three-dimensional advection-dispersion model was established to simulate the transport of organic pollutants under two accident conditions. In addition, the effect of corresponding dispersity was analyzed. The results show that COD transport is mainly in accordance with the direction of groundwater flow, pollutant concentration and its gradient as well as the rule of narrower pollution range in deeper stratum. Moreover, COD is mainly transported and diffused in groundwater of sandy soil in the first and second layers. However, under accident condition II, the pollutant concentration begins to decay gradually after its transport and diffusion tends to be stable. Besides, in terms of dominance, dispersion is to transverse transport of pollutants what advection is to longitudinal transport. If considering random dispersion, the final results see higher peak concentration of COD and longer transverse distance from pollution center compared to transport route. What's more, the pollution plume changes and concentration isocline becomes slightly irregular.
文摘China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail （CIM）. For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China＇s initiative ＂the Belt and Road＂ promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics： the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS, the nature of the carrier＇s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS, period of responsibility; persons for whom the carder is liable.
