Research on the evolutionary game of the supervision of civil aviation dangerous goods transportation training

This study is carried out to promote the precise supervision of dangerous goods transportation training,improve the efficiency of civil aviation supervision and further ensure the safety of air transportation.First,from the perspective of behaviour interaction and interest demands,evolutionary game theory is used to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of dangerous goods transportation training institutions,the Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC)and the public.Then,the evolutionary game equilibrium of the system is further analysed under the joint action of the three parties.Finally,the influences of important parameters of the model on the behavioural strategy selection of the three parties are investigated via MATLAB numerical simulation.The conclusions reveal that the system has three evolutionarily stable strategies under different parameters,namely(non-compliant training,supervision,non-participation in supervision),(non-compliant training,supervision,participation in supervision)and(compliant training,supervision,non-participation in supervision).Moreover,the CAAC supervision cost,the fine amount,the supervision cost of public participation,the supervision success rate and the reporting reward amount are the main parameters that affect the behavioural strategy selection of the tripartite game players.The conclusions and suggestions of this study provide a decision-making basis and guidance for the supervision and management of civil aviation dangerous goods transportation training.

Safety at Work of Participants in the Railway Transport of Dangerous Goods

The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the transport process,adequate protection measures must be taken before,during,and after the transport of dangerous goods.Since the railway itself is a recipient of dangerous goods that are essential for its own operation,and is also a carrier of large quantities of various dangerous goods,these measures are of paramount importance.This paper examines,from a point of view of the protection of lives and health of the participants in the transport process and the safe transport of dangerous goods,the conditions of shipment and transport of dangerous goods,the obligations of the participants,and the essential ways for their proper handling.Proper application of safety at work prevents impromptu and indolent attitude in transporting dangerous goods,thus contributing to protection of people lives and health.Finally,this paper includes preventive measures and basic principles for implementation of safety at work in the transport of dangerous goods.

A tentative study on security management based on dangerous goods road transportation

The paper conducts analysis on the causes of dangerous goods road transportation accidents by applying analytic technique of security system science - Event Tree Analysis （ETA）. By computing minimum cut and minimal path set of event tree and the important level of elementary event, the paper elicits the results that the factors of causing road transportation accident are multiple and its hazard is great while the paper also elicits the sorting of structural important level of elementary event. The paper offers the security countermeasures for dangerous goods road transportation which plays a vital role in safeguarding dangerous goods road transportation security.

Risk Evaluation and Risk Control in Road Overbuilding of Transport Routes for Dangerous Goods

Overbuilding, i.e. capping or decking, of roads assigned for the transportation of dangerous goods in major cities is being considered more often in many countries including Sweden. This type of facility introduces a number of risks and challenges related to rare events, such as dangerous goods accidents in tunnels, with a potential to cause substantial damage, e.g. collapse of buildings on the over site development. Many argue that the major problem associated with risk evaluation of such risks is the lack of commonly agreed acceptance criteria and regulations. Approaching the problem from a scientific perspective suggests that the root cause of this problem has not been adequately identified. However, there are strong indications that it is because the nature of the risk is not adequately addressed in risk analysis. In this study, we have structured the problem and propose ways of making progress in the evaluation of risk exposure and risk control. It is concluded that several challenges are inherent in the risk management of decking over routes for the transport of dangerous goods, and that these must be addressed in order to be able to control the risk. One of the complicating factors is that it is practically and economically impossible to construct the overbuilding so that it can withstand the maximum permissible explosion load. The main conclusions of this study are that overbuilding of dangerous goods routes has the potential to lead to catastrophic events, that the transport of dangerous goods in the future is associated with considerable intrinsic uncertainties, and that the possibility of supervising and controlling the transport of goods is limited once the route is in use.

Vehicle Tracking in the Process of Transport of Dangerous Goods GPS/GSM Technology

In the paper it has reviewed the monitoring of vehicles in the transport of hazardous substances based on the using of GPS/GSM technology. The basic principles of the GPS concept and hardware have been exhibited which are implemented in locating the vehicle. They have also identified the locating techniques underlying the monitoring process. It has presented an active system for monitoring parameters of the means of transport.

国内外危险货物道路运输标准对比分析及启示

危险货物种类繁多,用途广泛。道路与运输过程中一旦发生危险货物运输事故,后果往往非常严重。因此,危险货物道路运输作为安全生产重点领域之一,其高质量发展一直受到高度关注。本文通过深入研究《危险货物国际道路运输公约》、相关国内外标准,对危险货物豁免要求、安保防范要求、包装测试和使用要求,以及常压危险货物可移动罐柜测试和使用要求等进行了对比分析,探讨了相关国际规则和国际标准在我国的适用性。本研究为我国制定强制性国家标准《危险货物道路运输规则》提供了一定的参考依据,有助于促进我国危险货物道路运输安全管理水平的提升。

区块链赋能视角下危险货物道路运输安全监管演化博弈研究

为分析区块链技术在危险货物道路运输安全监管中的应用价值,利用演化博弈法建立由监管方、承运方和托运方构成的三方演化博弈模型,确定收益矩阵和复制动态方程,分析演化博弈系统中各均衡点的稳定条件。利用MATLAB对各利益主体的策略选择进行了动态演化分析,探究三方演化博弈中相关变量对三方演化策略选择的影响。结果表明:区块链的应用成本与各参与方的策略选择呈负相关;应用区块链技术对监管方合规监管、承运方和托运方遵守规定倾向的提升程度及应用区块链时监管方的补贴程度与各方的策略选择呈正相关;监管方责任规避系数与策略选择呈负相关,承运方和托运方的责任附加系数与策略选择呈正相关。

基于演化博弈的民航危险品运输培训监管

为促进民航危险品运输培训精准监管,提升民航监管效能,实现合规培训与监管的最佳局面,进一步保障航空运输安全。首先从行为交互和微观经济学的角度,运用演化博弈方法,构建危险品运输培训机构和民航局双方演化博弈模型,定量分析博弈双方行为策略选择的情境条件及形成原因;然后运用MATLAB软件对重要参数的敏感性进行数值仿真分析,探讨受训者能力不足造成不安全事件概率、查处成功率、处罚力度和监管成本4个重要参数对系统演化路径及结果的影响效应;最后从管理层面对民航危险品运输培训监管提出有针对性的建议及措施。结果表明:受训者能力不足造成不安全事件概率、查处成功率和处罚力度3个参数对博弈双方行为选择具有正效应,而监管成本对博弈双方行为选择具有负效应。

危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别模型研究

为合理评估危险货物运输驾驶人驾驶过程中的风险倾向,建立危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向聚类及辨识体系,以动态监控系统中记录的驾驶人实时违规预警数据为基础,选取可能引发交通冲突的安全关键事件为特征参数,利用探索性因子分析方法实现指标降维,提取驾驶人风险倾向主因子,并通过K means算法聚类不同风险倾向的驾驶人,最后基于聚类结果监督训练随机森林模型,辨识未知驾驶人的风险倾向。结果表明,利用选取的8类安全关键事件特征参数,可以将驾驶人风险倾向划分为攻击驾驶倾向、鲁莽驾驶倾向、驾驶分神倾向和驾驶疲劳倾向,且可以识别风险较低的驾驶人,基于随机森林模型的驾驶人风险倾向识别准确率为88.68%,可以较好地实现危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向辨识。研究结果为危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别提供了方法依据。

废旧车用锂电池运输包装箱温度场仿真分析与优化设计

目的研究废旧车用锂电池运输包装箱的热安全性和优化措施。方法以15组1.6kW·h方形锂电池模组为研究对象,按照P911、LP906规范设计运输包装箱,并建立废旧车用锂电池运输包装箱模型,实验验证模型后进行温度场仿真分析,对包装箱集液槽、箱壁壁厚、隔热材料进行优化设计。结果集液槽底部添加阻燃棉可解决温度超过100℃问题,且箱体阻燃棉厚度为15 mm和集液槽底部阻燃棉厚度为40 mm优化效果最佳,改用纳米二氧化硅纤维棉后隔热效果能提高了16.0%。最终实现箱体阻燃棉用料节约了68.75%,集液槽隔热效果提升了41.5%,包装箱整体皆满足P911及LP906要求。结论研究结果可为废旧车用锂电池危险品包装研究提供重要参考。

基于违禁品检测和人脸表情识别的铁路客运站安检风险评估技术研究

随着我国高速铁路的快速发展和客流量日益增长,铁路客运安全风险事件发生的概率逐年升高,仅靠安检值机人员辨识风险已无法满足需求。为了更好地评估车站安全风险,降低车站安全评估对人力的依赖,提出基于深度学习的旅客及物品安检风险评估机制。首先采用训练好的YOLOv5s模型对安检X光照片中的违禁品进行检测;其次使用训练好的ResNet50模型对车站安检机出口的人脸表情进行识别;最后建立了违禁品检测和人脸表情识别相结合的旅客及其所携物品风险评估机制。仿真结果表明,所采用的方法可以较准确地检测和识别出违禁品以及人脸表情,所提出的风险评估机制降低了安检过程对人力的依赖,可以帮助车站工作人员预防安检风险。

2013—2022年我国危险货物道路运输事故特征挖掘

为全面且持续挖掘我国危险货物道路运输事故特征,研究以2013—2022年间的道路危险货物运输事故为例,综合数理统计与事件树,从时间与空间分布、形态特征与连锁反应、事故原因与危险货物类别等维度展开研究。结果表明:各月份事故数明显不同,其中6—8月事故频发,2—8月时事故后果最为严重;各区域化工个数与事故率、事故起数与受伤人数均存在强正相关,事故起数与死亡人数存在中度正相关,化工发达区域事故突出,但单个化工企业引发的事故后果并不显著;单车、泄漏事故最为常见,其中泄漏是事故连锁反应的关键节点;人员是导致危险货物道路运输事故的首要因素,危险货物自身不易引发事故,但其中以柴油、汽油为代表的第3类易燃液体与以液化石油气、天然气为代表的第2类气体造成事故后果较为严重。

危险货物道路运输行业运行监测指标体系研究

危险货物道路运输对于区域工业发展、居民生活保障等具有不可替代的作用,开展运行监测对于引导行业科学发展、提升安全管理水平具有重要意义。本文从行业管理部门的监管需求出发,立足强化要素供给、服务经济发展、防控重点风险,构建了危险货物道路运输行业运行监测指标体系,并开展了案例研究,证明了指标的可行性与实用性。研究成果对于行业管理部门开展危险货物道路运输运行监测、提升危险货物道路运输管理水平具有参考意义。

智慧教育时代《航空危险品运输》课程教学模式改革研究

传统单一的教学模式已不能满足学生对《航空危险品运输》课程的学习需求,基于课程教学现状,结合智慧教育新形态,探索研究线上线下混合式教学模式。围绕“一主线、二聚焦、三对标”,精心设计教学过程,开展“引—授—测—问”的教学质量闭环,通过引入“启发式、汇报式、探究式”等教学方法,采用“多元评价”,构建“线上线下一体化”“课内课外一体化”的教学模式,真正实现从以“教师、教室、教材、教具”为中心的“教的范式”逐渐向以“学生、学习、学问、学用”为中心的“学的范式”转变,推动高校课堂教学模式的改革与创新。

基于危险货物的道路交通运输管理策略探讨

道路交通运输是我国现代经济社会发展建设的基础性内容,是我国城镇化与区域联系的关键所在,具有不可替代的重要意义,关乎着各个领域行业的发展和人们日常生活。在开展道路交通运输管理的过程中,对危险货物进行管理一直都是重点所在。实践中,需要建立健全完善的道路交通运输安全监管信息系统,并成立省、市、县三级道路交通运输管理部门,在面对危险货物时,能够达到动态管理效果,以及提供应急救援支持,切实保证道路交通运输的安全性和稳定性。

高温季节船载危险货物运输风险分析及监管建议

高温季节船载危险货物运输危险性高,一直是海事监管的重中之重。通过系统分析高温季节船载危险货物运输存在的各类风险,有针对性地提出了具体的海事监管对策,保障高温季节船载危险货物运输安全。

基于Petri网的危险货物道路运输应急协同处置流程建模

为有效提高危险货物道路运输突发事件应急处置效率,基于随机Petri网构建了危险货物道路运输应急协同处置流程模型;通过同构马尔可夫链分析该流程模型的时间等性能,以各标识稳定概率的累计变化值为切入点,确定应急处置流程中的关键环节,并通过边际效益优化实施速率。研究结果表明,构建的危险货物道路运输应急协同处置流程模型能量化确定应急处置的关键点,可有效提高多主体应急联动处置效率。

无线射频技术在船舶危险品运输管理中的应用

船舶运输在全球危险品运输中具有不可替代的作用,船舶危险品运输是全球经济的重要一环,但在运输过程中存在爆炸、泄漏和腐蚀等风险,因而在运输过程中需要对这些危险品进行全程实时监控和管理。本文简要分析无线射频识别技术的基本原理,对无线射频识别系统、标签防碰撞以及中间件技术进行分析,在此基础上构建基于无线射频技术的船舶危险品运输管理系统的结构框架,设计了系统的整体架构和标签信息读取的基本流程,对标签数量和时隙数量的关系以及标签数量和系统吞吐率的关系进行研究,本文设计的系统具有良好的稳定性和可靠性。

基于系统动力学的危险货物运输事故应急演化研究

提高危险货物运输事故的应急能力能够有效降低事故严重程度。以危险货物道路运输事故应急处置系统为研究对象,将其划分为事故信息处理、救援物资调运、人员救援与疏散和车辆疏散等4个子系统的基础上,利用系统动力学原理建立应急处置过程因果关系机制和因果回路,并结合VENSIM软件构建应急处置过程系统流图,构建各变量关系方程。首先,选取运输车辆调运车次、仓储信息化程度、任务执行速度、信息反馈时间、交通管制延迟时间和救援机构距离这6个因素作为参数,对模型进行敏感性分析。然后,分析了现场物资需求缺口、安全区域人数、安全区域车辆数、现场信息量以及系统动态演化行为等因素对观测值的影响。结果表明:运输车辆调运车次增加一倍,现场物资库存量峰值将增加27%;任务执行速度提高8.9%,应急处置执行速度提高8.8%;交通管制延迟时间缩短360 s,待疏散车辆减少116辆;救援机构距离缩短60%,救援速率提前1238 s达到峰值。

考虑风险阻抗的危险货物运输路径优化研究

【目的】在危险货物运输路径优化研究中,同时考虑运输成本和沿途其他风险对运输的影响,以期加强风险管控,提升运输安全水平。【方法】采集各类影响危险货物运输的风险因素数据并通过地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)嵌入运输网络;提出风险阻抗的概念,将其作为路径风险大小的度量;结合运输成本等构建运输总成本最小、运输路径风险总阻抗最小和局部路段风险过大的可能性最小的三目标路径优化模型,并设计NSGA-Ⅲ算法对其进行求解。【结果】与仅考虑总运输成本最小的方案相比,虽然本文模型所得优化路径的运输总成本略微增加,但运输路径风险总阻抗与局部路段风险过大的可能性显著下降;与仅考虑路径总风险最小的方案相比,虽然运输路径风险总阻抗与局部路段风险过大的可能性有一定增加,但增幅较小,而运输成本降低显著。【结论】上述优化模型很好地统筹考虑了运输的经济性与安全性,还考虑了局部路段风险过高的情况,因而具有良好的普适性与应用价值。