Analyzing the Form-Finding of a Large-Span Transversely Stiffened Suspended Cable System: A Method Considering Construction Processes

The precise control of the shape of transversely stiffened suspended cable systems is crucial. However, existing form-finding methods primarily rely on iterative calculations that treat loads as fixed known conditions. These methods are inefficient and fail to accurately control shape results. In this study, we propose a form-finding method that analyzes the load response of models under different sag and stress levels, taking into account the construction process. To analyze the system, a structural finite element model was established in ANSYS, and geometric nonlinear analysis was conducted using the Newton-Raphson method. The form-finding analysis results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves precise control of shape, with a maximum shape error ranging from 0.33% to 0.98%. Furthermore, the relationships between loads and tension forces are influenced by the deformed shape of the structures, exhibiting significant geometric nonlinear characteristics. Meanwhile, the load response analysis reveals that the stress level of the self-equilibrium state in the transversely stiffened suspended cable system is primarily governed by strength criteria, while shape is predominantly controlled by stiffness criteria. Importantly, by simulating the initial tensioning process as an initial condition, this method solves for a counterweight that satisfies the requirements and achieves a self-equilibrium state with the desired shape. The shape of the self-equilibrium state is precisely controlled by simulating the construction process. Overall, this work presents a new method for analyzing the form-finding process of large-span transversely stiffened suspended cable system, considering the construction process which was often overlooked in previous studies.

Field Measurements of Influence of Sand Transport Rate on Structure of Wind-sand Flow over Coastal Transverse Ridge

The structure of wind-sand flow under different total sand transport rates was measured with field vertical anemometer and sand trap on the crest of typical coastal transverse ridge in Changli Gold Coast of Hebei Province, which is one of the most typical coastal aeolian distribution regions in China and famous for the tall and typical coastal transverse ridges. The measurement results show that, on the conditions of approximate wind velocities and same surface materials and environments, some changes happen to the structure of wind-sand flow with the increase of total sand transport rate on the crest of coastal transverse ridge. First, the sand transport rates of layers at different heights in the wind-sand flow increase, with the maximum increase at the height layer of 4-8cm. Second, the ratios of sand trans-port rates of layers at different heights to total sand transport rate decrease at the low height layer (0-4cm), but increase at the high height layer (4-60cm). Third, the distribution of the sand transport rate in the wind-sand flow can be expressed by an exponential function at the height layer of 0-40cm, but it changes from power function model to ex-ponential function model in the whole height layer (0-60cm) and changes into polynomial function model at the height layer of 40-60cm with the increase of total sand transport rate. Those changes have a close relationship with the limit of sand grain size of wind flow transporting and composition of sand grain size in the wind-sand flow.

Azimuthal distributions of final-state particles and fragments and transverse structure of emission source in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

The azimuthal distributions of final-state particles and fragments produced in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are described by a modified multisource ideal gas model which contains the expansions and movements of the emission sources. The transverse structures of the sources are given in the transverse plane by momentum components Px and Py, and described by parameters in the model. The results of the azimuthal distributions, calculated by the Monte Carlo method, are in good agreement with the experimental data in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies.

TOPOLOGY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES OF A CURVING TURBINE CASCADE WITH TIP CLEARANCE (Ⅱ)- TOPOLOGICAL FLOW PATTERN AND VORTEX STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A BLADE CASCADE

By means of ink trace visualization of the flows in conventional straight, positively curved and negatively curved cascades with tip clearance, and measurement of the aerodynamic parameters in transverse section, and by appling topology theory, the topological structures and vortex structure in the transverse section of a blade cascade were analyzed. Compared with conventional straight cascade, blade positive curving eliminates the separation line of the upper passage vortex, and leads the secondary vortex to change from close separation to open separation, while blade negative curving effects merely the positions of singular points and the intensities and scales of vortex.

Longitudinal and transverse structure functions in decaying nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence

Streamwise evolution of longitudinal and transverse velocity structure functions in a decaying homogeneous and nearly isotropic turbulence is reported for Reynolds numbers Reλ up to 720. First, two theoretical relations between longitudinal and transverse structure functions are examined in the light of recently derived relations and the results show that the low-order transverse structure functions can be well approximated by longitudinal ones within the sub-inertial range. Reconstruction of fourth-order transverse structure functions with a recently proposed relation by Grauer et al. is comparatively less valid than the relation already proposed by Antonia et al. Secondly, extended self-similarity methods are used to measure the scaling exponents up to order eight and the streamwise evolution of scaling exponents is explored. The scaling exponents of longitudinal structure functions are, at first location, close to Zybin's model, and at the fourth location, close to She–Leveque model. No obvious trend is found for the streamwise evolution of longitudinal scaling exponents, whereas, on the contrary, transverse scaling exponents become slightly smaller with the development of a steamwise direction. Finally, the stremwise variation of the order-dependent isotropy ratio indicates the turbulence at the last location is closer to isotropic than the other three locations.

Structural Characteristics of the Spring Transverse Shear Line over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Influence Mechanism of the Upper-level Jet on Its Evolution

Based on the four-times-daily ERA-Interim data with the resolution of 0.75°×0.75°,the structure and evolution characteristics of a transverse shear line(TSL)over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in April 2017 were analyzed,and the influence mechanism of the frontogenesis and frontolysis caused by the upper-level jet on its evolution was also investigated.The results show that the TSL was mainly located near the axis of the positive vorticity zone,which was a low-value area of the wind speed.It was a shallow baroclinic system with weak ascending motion.In the vertical direction,the TSL extended to the lowest height at 00:00 and the highest at 18:00.In the horizontal direction,the length of the TSL in the east-west direction was relatively shorter during 00:00-06:00 and relatively longer during 12:00-18:00.Besides,the position of the TSL was slightly northward at 06:00 and slightly southward at 18:00.The moving direction of the TSL was generally consistent with that of the upper-level jet.In addition,the vertical stretching height of the TSL and the near-surface wind speed were positively correlated with the intensity of the upper-level jet.The calculation by frontogenesis function indicates that the frontogenesis(frontolysis)was conducive to the formation(weakening)and strengthening(dissipation)of the TSL.The horizontal deformation-induced and diabatic heating-induced frontogenesis were favorable for the formation of the TSL,while the middle-level horizontal convergence-induced and diabatic heating-induced frontogenesis were beneficial to its maintenance.Besides,the moving direction and baroclinicity of the TSL over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were determined by the horizontal deformation-induced frontogenesis.In the frontogenesis function,the terms of horizontal deformation and horizontal convergence together determined the position of the TSL,and the diabatic heating term was conducive to the upward extension of the TSL.

DEFINITING AND ITS GEOLOGIC MEANING OF SOUTH-NORTH TREND FAULTED STRUCTURE BELT IN QIANGTANG BASIN, NORTH PART OF TIBET

There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°～96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.

Transverse Vibration Analysis of Concentrated Mass-Loaded Thin Circular Plate Based on Strcutural Circumferential Periodicity

The structural circumferential periodicity of inertial excitation produced by concentrated mass was utilized to establish the mathematical model of thin circular plate carrying eccentric concentrated mass and to analyze its transverse vibration. The fundamental frequency coefficient, natural frequency and mode shape function are determined by this method. A clamped thin circular plate was taken as an example to study the mass effect on the vibrating system.Comparison between the present results and published ones exhibits excellent agreement, which shows that the analytical method in this paper can be used to predict the transverse vibration parameters accurately.

Modulational Instability for Gravitoelectromagnetic Perturbations with Longitudinal and Transverse Modes

The modulational instability for longitudinal and transverse gravitoelectromagnetic(GEM)perturbations is investigated on the basis of the self-generated gravitomagnetic field equations in a self-gravitating system.Analytical results indicate that the instability may lead the initially uniformly distributed matter collapse into a small region where the density of matter and the quasi-static self-generated gravitomagnetic field are strongly enhanced.There will be a pancake-like structure because the characteristic scale of longitudinal perturbation is much larger than the transverse one.The anisotropic accumulation of matter and the generation of a gravitomagnetic field are in favor of the formation of a rotationally pancake-like structure.

Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect in a Sandwiched Structure of as-Quenched FeNiCrSiB Ribbons

The giant magnetoimpedance(GMI)effect and effective permeability ratio in a QFR/Cu/QFR sandwiched structure are studied,where QFR stands for the as-quenched FeNiCrSiB amorphous ribbon.Remarkable GMI effects are obtained in the QFR/Cu/QFR sandwiched structure without annealing.The maximum values of the longitudinal and transverse GMI ratios at 0.5 MHz are 282%and 408%,respectively.Correspondingly,the maximum effective permeability ratios at 0.5 MHz are 326%and 1013%in longitudinal and transverse field,respectively.These large GMI values are attributed to the high effective permeability of the sample due to the closed alternating current(ac)magnetic flux path in the sandwiched structure,and large permeability variation induced by the magnetic field.

Research on the Relationship between Shallow Shear Wave Velocity and Basement Structure in the Tianjin Coastal Area

Shear wave velocity is one of the important dynamic characteristics of soil layers and applied widely in aseismic engineering. In this paper, 500 drill logging data are used to make a linear interpolation based on 0. 01° x 0. 01°x lm grid. A shallow 3-D shear wave velocity structure of Tianjin coastal area is obtained. According to the data and geological background, we selected two typical velocity profiles to try to introduce and explain its relationship to basement structure. The results show that the shear wave velocity structure clearly presents the characteristic of stratification and lateral inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the difference of the shear wave structure between tectonic elements is clear and the velocity structure between the two sides of the local or border fault in the Quaternary is disturbed or affected significantly. It intuitively shows that the basement structure and fault activity of this region had good control of sedimentation development and strata formation in the Quaternary period which would have an important effect on engineering seismic and geological condition evaluation.

La-Ce稀土对Q345D钢夹杂物和冲击性能的影响

通过现场试验,分析了La-Ce稀土处理对Q345D结构钢夹杂物、连铸可浇性和钢种性能的影响。结果表明,RE在Q345D结构钢中的合金收得率为21.5%;与未添加RE的炉次相比,脱硫率提高了37.5%,单位夹杂物密度从80.16个/mm^(2),降低至60.78个/mm^(2);La-Ce稀土处理前钢液中夹杂物主要是MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO复合夹杂,La-Ce稀土处理对小尺寸(D≤5μm)夹杂物的改性作用较为明显,小尺寸夹杂物改性为(La-Ce-S)和(La-Ce-Al-S-O)稀土类夹杂物;La-Ce稀土处理可以明显降低钢中MnS类夹杂物的纵横比,使MnS类夹杂物在轧制后的形貌更接近椭圆形,而没有长线形,这是Q345D结构钢横向冲击功提高20%的主要原因。

页岩核磁共振横向弛豫时间与孔径分布量化关系及应用

核磁共振横向弛豫时间(T2)常用于表征页岩的全孔径分布特征。为确定T2谱与页岩孔径的量化关系,选取济阳坳陷沙河街组7块页岩样品进行低温氮吸附、核磁共振实验。利用T2几何平均值和孔隙比表面积、孔隙体积之间的关系式,获得T2谱计算孔径分布的关键参数——表面弛豫率。7块页岩样品的表面弛豫率为1.52~3.06 nm/ms,平均值为2.53 nm/ms。由表面弛豫率计算的孔径分布结果与低温氮吸附的NLDFT模型计算结果相似度高,证实了页岩表面弛豫率确定方法和取值的合理性。利用上述方法确定了济阳坳陷典型页岩薄层的孔径分布,结合储层物性和地球化学分析结果,认为页岩中泥质薄层主要起到生-储作用,而纤维状方解石薄层、粉晶方解石薄层和长英质薄层则可以作为储-渗通道。在研究页岩油微观富集、流动机制及评价页岩油“甜点”时,需细化分析不同薄层的孔径分布特征及其生-储-渗作用。

考虑地层横观各向同性的地铁临近环境减隔振超结构

基于能带理论的减隔振超结构由于其禁带特性而受到了广泛的关注,其中局域共振禁带对小尺寸结构实现低频减隔振具有重要意义,并被应用于地层土体表面波和体波减隔振。然而目前绝大多数研究集中于各向同性土体。考虑地层土体横观各向同性,研究二维橡胶-混凝土超结构对地铁振动的减隔振特性,对比分析了混凝土半径、橡胶厚度和土体各向异性对超结构全向禁带的影响。在此基础上建立不同方向透射和全尺寸透射模型,验证了弹性波在超结构禁带频率内能够有效衰减。探索了土体各向异性对减隔振超结构性能的影响,能够为地铁临近环境减隔振设计和分析提供参考及指导。

横向静载作用下轨道交通预应力混凝土U型梁裂缝开展研究

为探究轨道交通预应力混凝土U型梁结构在腹板横向受力情况下的裂缝开展状况,通过回顾总结其裂缝开展成因,并以实际工程中的某标准梁段为例,进行了横向静载破坏试验,分析了U型梁结构在横向受力下的应变、挠度变化规律以及裂缝发育和损伤状况。研究结果表明,在横向对称荷载作用下,随着加载级的增大,U型梁展现出良好的整体性能和横向抗裂性能;该梁的裂缝损伤首先出现在腹板和底板处,随后逐步扩展到底板与腹板的连接部位;在破坏加载级下,腹板与翼缘发生破坏性裂缝损伤和明显的外扩变形;在高于规范撞击力建议值2倍的横向静载作用范围内,试验梁能够保持弹性工作状态,验证了采用美国ACI规范中对于列车脱轨撞击力的建议值进行U型梁横向抗撞设计的合理性。该研究成果可为轨道交通预应力混凝土U型梁的力学性能研究和结构优化设计提供更多参考。

无损检测指标与木材横纹局部抗压强度和密度的相关性

【目的】探索不同类型和数量的无损检测(NDT)指标与木材横纹局部抗压强度和密度的相关性差异,确定最优NDT指标组合,为基于无损检测手段评估木材横纹局部抗压强度和密度的研究提供参考。【方法】以某典型藏式古建筑木结构梁构件为研究对象,锯解得到横纹局部抗压无疵试样。通过物理力学试验和NDT试验,获得无疵试样的密度ρ、横纹局部抗压强度f_(lc),以及顺纹应力波速v_(l)、横纹应力波速v和微钻阻力F,计算不同NDT指标或指标组合与ρ、f_(lc)的线性相关系数,进而对比讨论。【结果】(1)使用单一NDT指标预测ρ时,v_(l)效果较好,两者相关系数绝对值为0.662,补充微钻阻力均值Fm后可提高15.56%,达到0.765;使用单一NDT指标预测f_(lc)时,Fm效果较好,两者相关系数为0.526,在此基础上补充横纹应力波速均值v_(m),二者相关系数提升26.80%,达到0.667,进一步补充v_(l)后相关系数继续提升7.20%,达到0.715。(2)当两组NDT指标中的基本指标构成一致时,即便基本指标的形式存在差异,两组NDT指标与被预测参数的相关系数也近似。(3)当两个与被预测参数相关性较好的NDT指标组合时,相关系数可能进一步提高;当相关性较好的指标与较差的指标组合时,相关系数接近于前者;当相关性较差的指标与不相关指标组合时,相关系数可能大幅提升,也可能仍然较低;当两个均不显著相关的指标组合时,指标组合与被预测参数仍不具有显著相关性。【结论】确定合理的NDT指标比一味增加指标数量对相关系数的提高影响更大。综合考虑相关系数提升效果以及由此可能增加的测试工作量,预测木材密度和横纹局部抗压强度时建议分别使用“v_(l),F_(m)”和“F_(m),v_(m)”的NDT指标组合。

横向振动载荷下有无螺纹配合间隙对连接松脱性能的影响

分别对无间隙和有间隙的M10×1.5螺栓连接结构建立有限元模型,采用有限元数值模拟的方法研究横向振动载荷作用下螺纹连接配合间隙对螺纹牙根部应力和预紧力的影响规律。结果表明:在螺栓连接预紧水平0.5σ_(s),横向振动载荷振幅0.6 mm,频率10 Hz工况下,有间隙的M10×1.5的螺栓连接结构在0.8~0.9 s,3.8~3.9 s,6.8~6.9 s3个不同周期内螺纹牙根部应力大于无间隙螺纹牙,9.8~9.9 s周期内螺纹牙根部应力小于无间隙螺纹牙。螺栓和螺母螺纹牙根部应力之间存在相位差,预紧力更容易开始发生下降。间隙的存在重新分配螺纹牙之间应力的分布,为应力的释放提供空间。

RCS混合节点抗剪承载力计算方法对比研究

为研究适用性强的钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)混合节点抗剪承载力计算方法,对近年来的RCS节点剪切破坏试验数据进行了统计,将试验结果与中国规程方法、Nishiyama方法、Parra方法和ASCE指南方法计算结果进行了对比,并对各方法的参数适用性进行了讨论。对比结果表明:4种方法均具有工程实用价值,其中Parra方法结果离散性最小,中国规程方法计算最为简便。参数分析表明:4种方法对不同配箍率和不同位置节点均有较好适用性,但对小轴压比节点(轴压比0~0.2)与柱贯通节点预测均偏于保守;中国规程方法对于混凝土强度高于60 MPa的节点预测结果偏于危险,同时对有直交梁节点承载力预测偏于保守。建议在公式中引入混凝土强度系数和直交梁约束系数,用以考虑两者对承载力的影响。

磁控电渣重熔对M2高速钢凝固组织及力学性能的影响

本文在M2高速钢的电渣重熔过程中施加了横向稳恒磁场,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和金属夹杂物分析仪等方法检测了外加横向静磁场对M2高速钢电渣锭凝固组织、夹杂物及力学性能的影响。结果表明,应用横向静磁场后M2电渣锭的凝固组织得到改善,其中,晶粒生长角由52.03°降低至21.99°;熔池深度由44.2 mm降低至18.8 mm;共晶碳化物尺寸得到了细化,粗大的网状聚集得到破碎。夹杂物的去除效率得到了提升,在4 mm^(2)的检测区域内,夹杂物的数量由2119个降低至1064个。电渣锭横/纵截面的硬度均匀性均获得了提升。分析认为,外加横向稳恒磁场与重熔电流交互作用产生的电磁振荡效应减小了金属熔滴的尺寸,促进熔滴分散滴入金属熔池,使得熔池中的温度分布更加均匀,形成更加浅平的金属熔池。同时,更加浅平的金属熔池减小了局部凝固时间,抑制了共晶碳化物生长的动力学条件,从而获得更加细小的碳化物尺寸。外加横向静磁场在液膜层-熔滴-熔池三阶段强化去除作用提升了夹杂物去除效率。

横坡段桥梁双桩双柱式结构受力特征与解析模型

山区桥梁基础不可避免地建立在陡坡上,不稳定斜坡变形或破坏将会对上覆桥跨结构安全造成严重威胁,亟需研究高效、可靠的力学模型。首先,对横坡段桥梁双桩双柱式结构划分不同特征段,分析其受力特性;其次,考虑桩土相互作用和桩顶变形协调关系并引入边界条件,建立适用于横坡段桥梁双桩双柱式结构内力及位移的简化模型;第三,综合考虑P-Δ效应及盖/系梁对桩柱受力影响,引入相邻特征段满足的连续条件(即位移、转角、剪力及弯矩连续),建立挠曲微分方程并以MATLAB为平台编制相应计算程序,提出横坡段桥梁双桩双柱式结构基础内力及位移的幂级数解;最后,将模型结果与有限元计算结果对比,验证模型的可靠性。研究结果表明:本文提出的模型将桥墩与桩基础视为整体,对于多道系梁的结构分析该模型同样适用;模型考虑了横向联系对两桩轴向力和弯矩的分配,可获取横向联系中的横向力;模型不需要假设自由段剪力和迭代计算。随着剩余下滑力增大,结构各特征段前后桩位移和弯矩明显增加;横向联系对桩基位移及内力进行了重新分配,有较强的约束作用,能够较好地改善前后桩受力与变形情况。