Layered metastructure containing freely-designed local resonators for wave attenuation

Combining periodic layered structure with three-dimensional cylindrical local resonators,a hybrid metastructure with improved wave isolation ability was designed and investigated through theoretical and numerical approaches.The metastructure is composed of periodic rubber layers and concrete layers embedded with three-dimensional resonators,which can be freely designed with multi local resonant frequencies to attenuate vibrations at required frequencies and widen the attenuation bandgap.The metastructure can also effectively attenuate seismic responses.Compared with layered rubber-based structures,the metastructure has more excellent wave attenuation effects with greater attenuation and wider bandgap.

Fracture evolution and localization effect of damage in rock based on wave velocity imaging technology

By utilizing wave velocity imaging technology,the uniaxial multi-stage loading test was conducted on siltstone to attain wave velocity imagings during rock fracture.Based on the time series parameters of acoustic emissions(AE),joint response characteristics of the velocity field and AE during rock fracture were analyzed.Moreover,the localization effect of damage during rock fracture was explored by applying wave velocity imagings.The experimental result showed that the wave velocity imagings enable three-dimensional(3-D)visualization of the extent and spatial position of damage to the rock.A damaged zone has a low wave velocity and a zone where the low wave velocity is concentrated tends to correspond to a severely damaged zone.AE parameters and wave velocity imagings depict the changes in activity of cracks during rock fracture from temporal and spatial perspectives,respectively:the activity of cracks is strengthened,and the rate of AE events increases during rock fracture;correspondingly,the low-velocity zones are gradually aggregated and their area gradually increases.From the wave velocity imagings,the damaged zones in rock were divided into an initially damaged zone,a progressively damaged zone,and a fractured zone.During rock fracture,the progressively damaged zone and the fractured zone both develop around the initially damaged zone,showing a typical localization effect of the damage.By capturing the spatial development trends of the progressively damaged zone and fractured zone in wave velocity imagings,the development of microfractures can be predicted,exerting practical significance for determining the position of the main fracture.

关于《Existence and Multiplicity of Traveling Waves in a lattice Dynamical System》的注记

文章《Existence and Multiplicity of Traveling Waves in a lattice Dynamical System》利用单调迭代格式和上下解方法研究了一个格动力系统小于临界波速的行波解的存在性,而当波速等于临界波速时不易通过构造上下解来证明其行波解的存在性,该文利用极限方法证明了原格动力系统的具有临界波速的行波解。

Research on propagation properties of elastic waves in two-phase anisotropic media

With the development of seismic engineering and seismic exploration of energy, the underground media that westudy are more and more complicated. Conventional anisotropy theory or two-phase isotropy theory is difficult todescribe anisotropic media containing fluid, such as fractures containing gas, shales containing water Based onBlot theory about two-phase anisotropy, with the use of elastic plane wave equations, we get Christoffel equations.We calculate and analyze the effects of frequency on phase velocity, attenuation, amplitude ratio and polarizationdirection of elastic waves of two-phase, transversely isotropic media. Results show that frequency affects slow Pwave the greatest among the four kinds of waves, i.e., fast P wave, slow P wave, fast S wave and slow S wave.Fluid phase amplitude to solid phase amplitude ratio of fast P wave, fast S wave and slow S wave approaches unitfor large dissipation coefficients. Polarization analysis shows that polarization direction of fluid phase displacement is different from, not parallel to or reverse to, that of solid phase displacement in two-phase anisotropic media.

Numerical analysis of seismic wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous multifractured media

Elastic wave propagation and attenuation in porous rock layers with oriented sets of fractures, especially in carbonate reservoirs, are anisotropic owing to fracture sealing, fracture size, fracture density, filling fluid, and fracture strike orientation. To address this problem, we adopt the Chapman effective medium model and carry out numerical experiments to assess the variation in P-wave velocity and attenuation, and the shear-wave splitting anisotropy with the frequency and azimuth of the incident wave. The results suggest that velocity, attenuation, and anisotropy vary as function of azimuth and frequency. The azimuths of the minimum attenuation and maximum P-wave velocity are nearly coincident with the average strike of the two sets of open fractures. P-wave velocity is greater in sealed fractures than open fractures, whereas the attenuation of energy and anisotropy is stronger in open fractures than sealed fractures. For fractures of different sizes, the maximum velocity together with the minimum attenuation correspond to the average orientation of the fracture sets. Small fractures affect the wave propagation less. Azimuth-dependent anisotropy is low and varies more than the other attributes. Fracture density strongly affects the P-wave velocity, attenuation, and shear-wave anisotropy. The attenuation is more sensitive to the variation of fracture size than that of velocity and anisotropy. In the seismic frequency band, the effect of oil and gas saturation on attenuation is very different from that for brine saturation and varies weakly over azimuth. It is demonstrated that for two sets of fractures with the same density, the fast shear-wave polarization angle is almost linearly related with the orientation of one of the fracture sets.

Different localized states of travelling-wave convection in a rectangular container

We have performed numerical simulations of localized travelling-wave convection in a binary fluid mixture heated from below in a long rectangular container. Calculations are carried out in a vertical cross section of the rolls perpendic- ular to their axes. For a negative enough separation ratio, two types of quite different confined states were documented by applying different control processes. One branch of localized travelling waves survives only in a very narrow band within subcritical regime, while another branch straddles the onset of convection existing both in subcritical and super- critical regions. We elucidated that concentration field and its current are key to understand how confined convection is sustained when conductive state is absolutely unstable, The weak structures in the conducting region are demonstrated too.

Modeling and analysis of gradient metamaterials for broad fusion bandgaps

A gradient metamaterial with varying-stiffness local resonators is proposed to open the multiple bandgaps and further form a broad fusion bandgap.First,three local resonators with linearly increasing stiffness are periodically attached to the spring-mass chain to construct the gradient metamaterial.The dispersion relation is then derived based on Bloch's theorem to reveal the fusion bandgap theoretically.The dynamic characteristic of the finite spring-mass chain is investigated to validate the fusion of multiple bandgaps.Finally,the effects of the design parameters on multiple bandgaps are discussed.The results show that the metamaterial with a non-uniform stiffness gradient pattern is capable of opening a broad fusion bandgap and effectively attenuating the longitudinal waves within a broad frequency region.

Effect of relaxation times on circular crested waves in thermoelastic diffusive plate

The propagation of circularly crested thermoelastic diffusive waves in an infinite homogeneous transversely isotropic plate subjected to stress free, isothermal/insulated and chemical potential conditions is investigated in the framework of different thermo- elastic diffusion theories. The dispersion equations of thermoelastic diffusive Lamb type waves are derived. Some special cases of the dispersion equations are also deduced.

Propagation of Rayleigh waves on free surface of transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic diffusion

The present paper is devoted to the study of Rayleigh wave propagation in a homogeneous, transversely isotropic, thermoelastic diffusive half-space, subject to stress free, thermally insulated/isothermal, and chemical potential boundary conditions in the context of the generalized thermoelastic diffusion theory. The Green-Lindsay（GL） theory is used in the study. In this theory, thermodiffusion and thermodiffusion mechanical relaxations are governed by four different time constants. Secular equations for surface wave propagation in the considered media are derived. Anisotropy and diffusion effects on the phase velocity, attenuation coefficient are graphically presented in order to present the analytical results and make comparison. Some special cases of frequency equations are derived from the present investigation.

Propagation of wave at the boundary surface of transversely isotropic thermoelastic material with voids and isotropic elastic half-space

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of voids on the surface wave propagation in a layer of a transversely isotropic thermoelastic material with voids lying over an isotropic elastic half-space. The frequency equation is derived after developing a mathematical model for welded and smooth contact boundary conditions. The dispersion curves giving the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient via wave number are plotted graphically to depict the effects of voids and anisotropy for welded contact boundary conditions. The specific loss and amplitudes of the volume fraction field, the normal stress, and the temperature change for welded contact are obtained and shown graphically for a particular model to depict the voids and anisotropy effects. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation.

Propagation of plane waves in poroviscoelastic anisotropic media

This study discusses wave propagation in perhaps the most general model of a poroelastic medium. The medium is considered as a viscoelastic, anisotropic and porous solid frame such that its pores of anisotropic permeability are filled with a viscous fluid. The anisotropy considered is of general type, and the attenuating waves in the medium are treated as the inhomogeneous waves. The complex slowness vector is resolved to define the phase velocity, homogeneous attenuation, inhomogeneous attenuation, and angle of attenuation for each of the four attenuating waves in the medium. A non-dimensional parameter measures the deviation of an inhomogeneous wave from its homogeneous version. An numerical model of a North-Sea sandstone is used to analyze the effects of the propagation direction, inhomogeneity parameter, frequency regime, anisotropy symmetry, anelasticity of the frame, and viscosity of the pore-fluid on the propagation characteristics of waves in such a medium.

LOCAL STABILITY OF TRAVELLING FRONTS FOR A DAMPED WAVE EQUATION

The paper is concerned with the long-time behaviour of the travelling fronts of the damped wave equation αutt ＋ut = uxx -V′（u） on R. The long-time asymptotics of the solutions of this equation are quite similar to those of the corresponding reaction-diffusion equation ut = uxx - V′（u）. Whereas a lot is known about the local stability of travelling fronts in parabolic systems, for the hyperbolic equations it is only briefly discussed when the potential V is of bistable type. However, for the combustion or monostable type of V, the problem is much more complicated. In this paper, a local stability result for travelling fronts of this equation with combustion type of nonlinearity is established. And then, the result is extended to the damped wave equation with a case of monostable pushed front.

Wave-induced flow of pore fluid in a cracked porous solid containing penny-shaped inclusions

An aim of current study is to analyze the contribution of reflected longitudinal waves to wave-induced fluid flow(WIFF) in the cracked porous solid.Initially,we investigate the time harmonic plane waves in cracked porous solid by employing the mathematical model proposed by Zhang et al.(2019).The solution is obtained in form of the Christoffel equations.The solution of the Christoffel equations indicates that there exist four(three dilatational and one shear) waves.These waves are attenuated in nature due to their complex and frequency-dependent velocities.The reflection coefficients are calculated at the sealed pore stress-free surface of cracked porous solid for the incidence of P1 and SV waves.It is found that three longitudinal waves contribute to WIFF and the contribution of these waves to the induced fluid in the cracked porous solid is analyzed using the reflection coefficients of these longitudinal waves.We analytically show that the fluid flow induced by these longitudinal waves is linked directly to their respective reflection coefficients.Finally,a specific numerical example is considered to discuss and to depict the impact of various parameters on the characteristics of propagation like phase velocity/attenuation,reflection coefficients and WIFF of longitudinal waves.

Local Pulse Wave Velocity Estimation in the Carotids Using Dynamic MR Sequences

The current study presents a new protocol for local pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement using dynamic MR sequences, which have a high temporal resolution (TR < 6 ms). MR images were obtained at two positions along the common carotid artery, separated by a distance of 5 cm. In each phase of a MR series, carotid region was automatically extracted and then its area distension waveform could be obtained. Sixteen volunteers with no symptoms of cardiovascular diseases were studied. For local PWV estimation, three delay estimation principles were tested and produced the following values: intersecting tangents method (M1): 4.72 ± 1.40 m/s, second derivative method (M2): 4.94 ± 1.68 m/s and cross-correlation method (M3): 5.03 ± 1.17 m/s. The cross-correlation method showed a relative high reliability as its least standard deviation.

FLEXURAL WAVE PROPAGATION IN NARROW MINDLIN'S PLATE

Appling Mindlin＇s theory of thick plates and Hamilton system to propagation of elastic waves under free boundary condition, a solution of the problem was given. Dispersion equations of propagation mode of strip plates were deduced from eigenfunction expansion method. It was compared with the dispersion relation that was gained through solution of thick plate theory proposed by Mindlin. Based on the two kinds of theories, the dispersion curves show great difference in the region of short waves, and the cutoff frequencies are higher in Hamiltonian systems. However, the dispersion curves are almost the same in the region of long waves.

The Stable Wave Packet and Uncertainty

The traveling wave group that is defined on conserved physical values is the vehicle of transmission for a unidirectional photon or free particle having a wide wave front. As a stable wave packet, it expresses internal periodicity combined with group localization. An uncertainty principle is precisely derived that differs from Heisenberg’s. Also derived is the phase velocity beyond the horizon set by the speed of light. In this space occurs the reduction of the wave packet which is represented by comparing phase velocities in the direction of propagation with the transverse plane. The new description of the wave function for the stable free particle or antiparticle contains variables that were previously ignored. Deterministic physics must always appear probabilistic when hidden variables are bypassed. Secondary hidden variables always occur in measurement. The wave group turns out to be both uncertain and probabilistic. It is ubiquitous in physics and has many consequences.

A Travelling Wave Group III—Consistent with QED

The travelling wave group is a stable wave packet. Many surprising results are derived from it. The group is easily quantized for photons and applied, as a solution to the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation, to free particles. Further solutions to the resulting algebraic equation provide a stable wave function for free antiparticles. Consistency with the superstructure of quantum electrodynamics is obtained by an assignment to the electron antiparticle of negative mass and negative charge. Then in 5-dimensional space-time-mass, CPT invariance transforms to M’PT conservation in either charged or neutral particles, while many other consequences are also evident.

长矩形腔体中混合流体的双局部行波

基于数值模拟,研究了分离比ψ=-0.4和长高比Γ=40的腔体内的双局部行波对流的动力学特性。结果发现,对流圈在端壁产生,向中心传播,到达一定位置对流圈消失;在矩形腔体中两端壁附近行波对流区域与中间部位无对流的传导区域同时共存,形成双局部行波对流;双局部行波对流中的行波由腔体两端向中部传播;腔体二分之一高度处的温度与垂直流速分布是谐波结构,波形比较光滑,浓度分布是台型结构;随着时间的发展,垂直流速最大值稳定在某个数值周期变化,下壁面努塞尔数基本稳定在某个数值,垂直流速最大值和下壁面努塞尔数及其达到稳定的时间随着相对瑞利数r的增加而增加;双局部行波对流稳定的存在于相对瑞利数r∈{1.52,1.57]的区间,双局部行波的对流区长度随着相对瑞利数r的增加呈良好的增加关系,并给出了双局部行波的对流区长度随着相对瑞利数r变化的拟合关系式。

近接既有隧道爆破激发地震波成分构成及特性研究

为研究新建隧道爆破地震波不同成分对既有隧道结构安全的影响,基于地震学极化偏振原理,结合现场爆破振动监测和ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模型,分析既有隧道衬砌振动波型的成分构成及特性,探讨既有隧道衬砌动拉应力与P波峰值合振速的关联性。研究结果表明:新建隧道MS1、MS3、MS5、MS7、MS9、MS11和MS13段毫秒延期爆破P、S和R波对既有隧道衬砌质点振动均有贡献,各段别前期均由传播速度最快的P波主导,而后S波和R波相继成为主导波型;地震波传播路径及测振点的位置与波型成分密切相关,新建隧道已开挖和未开挖2个区域所对应的既有隧道质点振动特性存在显著差异,当L/D>1.58(L为距爆源中心的水平距离,D为隧道净距)时,未开挖区域的S波最大幅值超过P波最大幅值,成为后续区段质点振动的主导波型;既有隧道衬砌动拉应力与P波峰值合振速线性相关性较好,安全振速阈值为10.53 cm/s。

适应波达时刻不确定性及较低采样率的新能源送出线路就地暂态量主保护判据

不对称接地故障占所有线路故障的90%以上,接地距离保护在应对此类故障方面发挥了不可替代的作用。随着新能源高比例渗透,各种传统单端工频量保护性能显著下降已成为共识。基于故障分量线模和零模波速差的保护判据理论上仅需利用到故障初始行波到达时刻信息,是一种原理简单可靠的单端量快速保护判据,已经在直流电网中成功实践。但在尝试将这类保护应用于交流电网时发现,受波头前陡较缓而难以精确定位波到时刻、依赖高采样率等诸多不利因素影响,存在过大的模糊判别区,除了特长线路外,对绝大部分线路几乎没有应用可行性。波到时刻的精准辨识是一个复杂的非线性问题,利用人工智能的方法进行辨识是一条可行的解决思路,对此,该文提出一种新的单端暂态量主保护判据。首先,分析波达时刻与波形关系,并指出这种关系能够采用机器学习来映射;其次,引入高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression,GPR),在对初始行波数据进行预处理得到样本集后,输入GPR预测模型进行训练;然后,依据模型评估指标得到最优训练模型以输出高可信性的线-零模波达时差,据此实现了基于行波模量传输时间差的保护判据;最后,在利用PSCAD仿真验证所提保护判据有效性和普适性的基础上,进一步利用现场实测数据对判据进行测试,验证其实用性。该文工作为新能源交流系统下单端暂态量保护的性能提升提供新的解决思路。