A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure for high power Ka-band traveling-wave tubes

A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure （SWS） is proposed to develop a high power, wide-bandwidth, and high reliability millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube （TWT）. This novel structure, which has higher heat capacity than a conven- tional helix SWS, evolves from conventional helix SWS with three parallel rows of rectangular slots made in the outside of the helix tape. In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this novel structure operating in the Ka-band are investigated. From our calculations, when the designed beam voltage and beam current are set to be 18.45 kV and 0.2 A, respectively, this novel circuit can produce over 700-W average output power in a frequency range from 27.5 GHz to 32.5 GHz, and the corresponding conversion efficiency values vary from 19% to 21.3%, and the maximum output power is 787 W at 30 GHz.

A staggered double vane circuit for a W-band traveling-wave tube amplifier

Based on the combination of a staggered double vane slow wave structure （SWS） and round electron beam, a 200-W W-band traveling-wave tube （TWT） amplifier is studied in this paper. The main advantages of round beam operation over the sheet beam is that the round beam can be formed more easily and the focus requirement can be dramatically reduced. It operates in the fundamental mode at the first spatial harmonic. The geometric parameters are optimized and a transition structure for the slow wave circuit is designed which can well match the signal that enters into and goes out from the tube. Then a TWT model is established and the particle-in-cell （PIC） simulation results show that the tube can provide over 200-W output power in a frequency range of 88 GHz-103 GHz with a maximum power of 289 W at 95 GHz, on the assumption that the input power is 0.1 W and the beam power is 5.155 kW. The corresponding conversion efficiency and gain at 95 GHz are expected to be 5.6% and 34.6 dB, respectively. Such amplifiers can potentially be used in high power microwave-power-modules （MPM） and for other portable applications.

An open-styled dielectric-lined azimuthally periodic circular waveguide for a millimeter wave traveling-wave tube

An open-styled dielectric-lined azimuthMly periodic circular waveguide （ODLAP-CW） for a millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube （TWT） is proposed, which is a modified form of a dielectric-lined azimuthally periodic circular waveguide （DLAP-CW）. The slow-wave characteristics of the open-styled DLAP-CW are studied by using the spatial harmonics method, which includes normalized phase velocity and interaction impedance. The complicated dispersion equations are numerically solved with MATLAB and the results are in good agreement with the simulation results obtained from HFSS. The influence of structural parameters on the RF properties is investigated based on our theory. The numerical results show that the optimal thickness of the metal rod can increase the interaction impedance, with the dielectric constant held fixed. Finally, the slow-wave characteristics and transmission properties of an open-styled structure are compared with those of the DLAP-CW. The results validate that the mode competition is eliminated in the improved structure with only a slight influence on the dispersion characteristics, which may significantly improve the stability of an open-styled DLAP-CW-based TWT, and the interaction efficiency is also improved.

Design of a re-entrant double-staggered ladder circuit for V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes

The re-entrant double-staggered ladder slow-wave structure is employed in a high-power V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube. This structure has a wide bandwidth, a moderate interaction impedance, and excellent thermal dissipation properties, as well as easy fabrication. A well-matched waveguide coupler is proposed for the structure. Combining the design of attenuators, a full-scale three-dimensional circuit model for the V-band coupled-cavity traveling- wave tube is constructed. The electromagnetic characteristics and the beam wave interaction of this structure are investigated. The beam current is set to be 100 mA, and the cathode voltage is tuned from 16.8 kV to 15.8 kV. The calculation results show that this tube can produce a saturated average output power over 100 W with an instantaneous bandwidth greater than 1.25 GHz in the frequency ranging from 58 GHz to 62 GHz. The corresponding gain and electronic efficiency can reach over 32 dB and 6.5%, respectively.

Investigation of a wideband folded double-ridged waveguide slow-wave system

The folded double-ridged waveguide structure is presented and its properties used for wide-band traveling-wave tube are investigated. Expressions of dispersion characteristics, normalized phase velocity and interaction impedance of this structure are derived and numerically calculated. The calculated results using our theory agree well with those obtained by using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. Influences of the ridge-loaded area and broad-wall dimensions on the high frequency characteristics of the novel slow-wave structure are discussed. It is shown that the folded double-ridged waveguide structure has a much wider relative passband than the folded waveguide slow-wave structure and a relative passband of 67% could be obtained, indicating that this structure can operate in broad-band frequency ranges of beam-wave interaction. The small signal gain property is investigated for ensuring the improvement of bandwidth. Meanwhile, with comparable dispersion characteristics, the transverse section dimension of this novel structure is much smaller than that of conventional one, which indicates an available way to reduce the weight of traveling-wave tube.

耳型折叠波导慢波结构W波段行波管

毫米波行波管具有大功率、宽频带、高增益等特点,广泛用于雷达、高速通信、电子对抗等现代军事装备中。为提高折叠波导耦合阻抗并考虑工程应用性,提出一种耳型折叠波导新型慢波结构。与常规矩形波导相比,工作频带内耦合阻抗提高30%以上,损耗降低10%。研制的耳型折叠波导W波段行波管,在工作电压21.9 kV,电流210 mA,占空比为5%时,10.8 GHz带宽内输出功率大于192 W,峰值功率达278 W,电子效率和增益分别达到6.3%和44.6 dB,行波管工作稳定。

螺旋线行波管慢波结构散热性能的发展现状

行波管是一种具有宽频带的微波管,它自发明以来已有60多年的历史,至今仍广泛应用于通信、雷达系统和电子对抗。随着卫星通信技术的快速发展,对高性能的大功率行波管的需求越来越迫切,而大功率伴随着更高的热损耗,因此,对其散热性能的研究是一项重要的工作。国内外专家学者对此做了大量的研究,本文综合叙述了目前行波管慢波组件材料和结构、组装方式以及接触热阻的研究现状,并总结了一些散热性能的评价方法。

Ku波段环圈慢波结构高功率行波管设计

更高的工作频率和更大的输出功率是当前行波管发展的主要方向。为满足Ku波段行波管日益提升的大功率和高效率发展需求,本文在分析慢波结构参数对色散和互作用阻抗影响的基础上,开展了Ku波段环圈慢波结构高功率行波管研究。研究显示,在12.8 kV和0.4 A的工作条件下,环圈行波管可以提供2672.9 W的峰值输出功率,对应的增益和电子效率分别为51.26 dB和26.10%,瞬时3 dB带宽达到2.5 GHz(14~16.5 GHz)。

0.22THz折叠波导行波管部件设计与加工

以理论推导和三维模拟仿真设计为基础,设计优化了0.22THz折叠波导行波管电子枪、慢波结构、永磁聚焦系统、输入/输出结构、收集极等部分,并结合大量的工艺实验,探索和研究了各种精密加工方法和组装焊接工艺,最后完成了符合这些部分设计要求的高精度零件加工和组装焊接样品。

螺旋线行波管慢波组件散热性能的研究进展

螺旋线行波管具有宽频带、高增益和高功率等优点,当今被大量应用于卫星通信系统、电子对抗系统和雷达系统。慢波组件是螺旋线行波管的关键组成部分,它的性能优劣直接决定着整管水平。慢波组件的散热性能不仅是决定行波管平均输出功率的主要因素,也是直接影响行波管工作稳定性与可靠性的重要因素。本文针对螺旋线行波管慢波组件,总结了螺旋线慢波组件散热性能的实验测试方法和理论分析方法,分析了影响散热性能的各种因素和各种改善方法。分析比较了不同材料的螺旋线、管壳和夹持杆,不同结构的夹持杆和管壳,不同组件装配方法对慢波组件散热性能的影响。介绍了将金刚石和纳米材料等新型材料应用于螺旋线慢波组件的研究进展。

0.22 THz折叠波导行波管设计

在一支0.22 THz折叠波导行波管样管的模拟设计和实验研究基础上,对该样管进行了优化设计。对慢波损耗特性、慢波结构的尺寸冗余度进行了研究,对结构加工进行了进一步的考虑,对样管的实验研究进行了详细讨论并论述了新慢波结构的设计。采用HFSS软件结合大信号理论计算进行模拟,结果表明,折叠波导行波管的输出功率不低于100 mW,带宽不低于5 GHz。

不同方法制备的螺旋线慢波组件的散热性能的研究

利用电阻温度系数法对几种方法制备的慢波组件散热性能进行了实验研究,结果表明石墨热挤压法、磁控溅射覆膜法及压力扩散焊接法和无变形热挤压法比冷弹压法和传统的缠钼带热挤压法制备的慢波组件散热性能强许多.传统的石墨热挤压法可与无变形热挤压法制备的组件的散热能力相比拟,但石墨热挤压法会引起慢波组件的两次变形,使慢波组件的微波反射点增多增强.压力扩散焊接法制备的慢波组件散热性能比溅射镀膜法制备的慢波组件散热性能稍强,但压力扩散焊接法与溅射镀膜法相比具有更低的微波损耗.这些结果为制备散热性能强的慢波组件提供了有益的实验结果.

0.14THz行波管的设计与实验研究

以折叠波导作为为慢波结构进行研究分析,利用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS和CST,对0.14THz行波管模型进行了折叠波导慢波结构、电子光学系统和输入输出窗等的模拟设计,并完成了整管的PIC注波互作用的仿真计算与优化。进行了整管的焊接工艺设计和热测实验,研制出的样管在电压15.4kV、电流17.4mA下,脉冲工作输出最大功率为8.3 W,输出中心频率为140.8GHz,最大增益为28dB,-3dB带宽为2.9GHz。

V波段大功率带状注曲折波导行波管

利用曲折波导慢波结构和一个长宽比为3∶1的带状电子注作为注-波互作用电路,完成了对V波段大功率行波管互作用电路的设计。分析了带状电子注通道对高频特性的影响,并在综合考虑色散和耦合阻抗的情况下得到了优化的结构参数。建立了3维的V波段带状注曲折波导行波管的电路模型,并利用CST粒子工作室完成了注-波互作用的仿真研究。研究结果表明,当工作电压和电流分别为17kV和150mA时,带状注曲折波导行波管在58～62GHz时的饱和平均输出功率大于160W,增益大于34.7dB。

多注耦合腔慢波结构冷测特性研究

对多注耦合腔慢波结构的色散和耦合阻抗特性参数的计算分析方法进行了讨论,特别是边注耦合阻抗的模拟算法。利用准周期边界条件计算了Ku波段五注耦合腔慢波结构色散特性,直接通过定义式得到了-1次谐波纵向电场分布和5个电子注的耦合阻抗曲线。比较了垂直于电子注传播方向截面上x、y坐标轴上电场Ez的分布,以及各电子注耦合阻抗的差别与变化趋势,分析讨论了多注电子耦合阻抗的特点,对实际多注耦合腔行波管设计有一定指导意义。

圆波导梳状慢波结构的耦合阻抗

对目前慢波结构的模拟计算中存在的问题进行了深人分析，并提出了新的计算耦合阻抗的方法。研究了圆波导梳状慢波结构基波的耦合阻抗，其值可以在较宽频带内大于1Ω。该结构内孔径为波长的1／4～1／3，是同一频段螺旋线慢波结构的5倍左右，能容纳比螺旋线大25倍的电流，能够承受比螺旋线大25倍的平均功率。互作用计算表明采用这种慢波结构的行波管在Ka波段可获得的最高功率达170kW。

140GHz菱形微带曲折线慢波结构行波管的模拟计算

提出了一种新型的菱形微带曲折线慢波结构。该结构可适用于低电压、宽带宽、中等功率水平的高效率毫米波行波管。和传统的慢波结构相比,微带曲折线是一种平面结构,因此其加工工艺可采用2维微细加工技术。该结构可以用带状电子束进行注-波互作用,并且不需要额外的电子束通道。给出了菱形微带曲折线慢波结构在140 GHz的色散曲线和注-波互作用模拟分析。研究结果显示：在输入功率为40 mW,带状电子束的电流和工作电压分别为90 mA和7 kV的条件下,该微带曲折线行波管可以获得数十W功率输出,互作用效率可达14.3%,瞬时3 dB带宽为18 GHz（132~150 GHz）。

0.34THz折叠波导行波管设计及流通管实验

以0.34 THz折叠波导行波管为研究对象,分析了慢波结构的色散特性、耦合阻抗、冷损耗特性和工作模式等,并按优化后折叠波导慢波结构的要求设计电子光学系统,进行流通管实验,得到电子注通过率大于80%的实验结果。最后对输入输出结构进行优化设计,满足中心频率为0.345 THz,带宽大于10 GHz,输出功率大于20 mW的0.34 THz折叠波导行波管设计要求。

等效电路法计算耦合腔慢波结构特性

耦合腔慢波结构的等效电路模型是实际情况的一种近似,冷测计算结果存在一定误差,特别是在整个冷测带宽内精度不能保持一致。为提高计算精度,通过对等效电路参数的分析,引入参数对间隙电容和耦合槽谐振频率计算公式进行了修正。利用修正的模型模拟了10 GHz^16 GHz的单槽和双槽耦合腔慢波结构,分析了修正参数对计算精度的影响,提出了不同修正方案来提高整个冷测带宽内计算精度,与电磁场数值计算结果最大相对误差为1.6%。计算结果表明修正参数可以将工程经验引入设计开发中,有效地提高等效电路模拟精度,对实际工程设计具有指导意义。