Yin Yang 1(YY1) is a multi-functional transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cell types,including neurons.It controls neuronal differentiation,as well as neuronal specification and migration...Yin Yang 1(YY1) is a multi-functional transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cell types,including neurons.It controls neuronal differentiation,as well as neuronal specification and migration during the development of the mammalian nervous system.Besides,YY1 also mediates the transcription of genes that are required for neuronal survival.An impairment of the transcriptional function of YY1 causes neuronal death.This review summarizes recent research findings that unveil the dysfunction of YY1 in multiple neurodegenerative disorders.The expression of disease proteins perturbs the function of YY1 via distinct molecular mechanisms,including recruitment to protein aggregates,protein degradation and aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling.Understanding the pathogenic roles of YY1 will further broaden our knowledge of the disease mechanisms in distinct neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive res...As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive response that occurs when the body is stimulated by internal and external environmental factors.This paper discusses the correlation between the three phases of stress containing alarm,resistance,and exhaustion and the three yin and three yang diseases.It was concluded that sanyang diseases were related to the alarm stage and resistance stage,and sanyin diseases were related to the failure stage.The results indicated the essence of diseases of six meridians from the perspective of stress and provided reference for the diagnosis and treatment of six classics diseases.展开更多
For Alzheimer's disease(AD),the earliest symptom is memory loss,which runs throughout the disease.The mutual growth and decline of long-term potentiation(LTP)and long-term depression(LTD)in synaptic plasticity is ...For Alzheimer's disease(AD),the earliest symptom is memory loss,which runs throughout the disease.The mutual growth and decline of long-term potentiation(LTP)and long-term depression(LTD)in synaptic plasticity is the basic condition of learning and memory.In the early stage of AD,there is no significant change in synaptic plasticity,so the treatment should mainly focus on warming yang and replenishing qi.In the middle stage of AD,LTP is continuously damaged and reduced,and synaptic plasticity is destroyed,such as weakness of the spleen and stomach,causing stagnation of endogenous retention of phlegm in the brain,so the treatment should focus on enriching yin and tonifying yang,resolving phlegm to remove stagnation.In the late stage of AD,due to excessive deposition of amyloid and other metabolites,neurotoxins are produced and brain atrophy is aggravated,such as depression leading to stasis,phlegm and stasis binding together,long term of stasis turning to heat toxin,which invades the brain,excessive heat damages yin,then both yin and yang are damaged,finally,the brain collateral loses nutrition,so the treatment should focus on replenishing essence and reinforcing marrow,detoxifying and resolving stasis.Yisui Fuyong Decoction can replenish essence and reinforce marrow to nourish yin,warm yang and tonify qi to strengthen yang,combine phlegm resolving,stasis elimination and collateral vessels dredging,realizing the treatment effects in all three stages of synaptic plasticity.展开更多
Dr. Zang Kuntang (臧堃堂), professor of the First PLA Military Medical University, has been engaged in the science of traditional Chinese medicine for more than 50 years, with a rich experience accumulated in the trea...Dr. Zang Kuntang (臧堃堂), professor of the First PLA Military Medical University, has been engaged in the science of traditional Chinese medicine for more than 50 years, with a rich experience accumulated in the treatment of diabetes. It is a great honor for us to have the fortune to follow him in the clinic. The following is a summary of what we have learned from him.展开更多
The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is complex. The development of DKD cannot be fully explained by a single mechanism.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been applied extensively for the treatm...The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is complex. The development of DKD cannot be fully explained by a single mechanism.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been applied extensively for the treatment of DKD in China.However, studying the mechanism of DKD using theories and methods that are appropriate for TCM characteristics and searching for theoretical bases for TCM clinical application are topics that still need to be explored and researched. Activation of the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad and PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways functions as a self-protection mechanism against renal microinflammation in DKD. However, the persistent abnormal overactivation of reactions causes secondary cell dysfunction, cell apoptosis, increased extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion, and eventually renal fibrosis. During this process, the dysregulation of self-balance among a variety of signaling pathways and the loss of self-feedback regulatory mecha-nisms downstream of these signaling pathways are critical causes of the occurrence and development of DKD. TCM may both inhibit the expression or activation of "hyperactive" signaling pathways(NFB, Smad3, and PI3 K/Akt/mTOR) and increase the expression or activation of "deficient" signaling pathways(Smad7 and PTEN) to restore balance to cells with an abnormal pathophysiological status and achieve the goal of DKD treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the General Research Fund(14100714)of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(to HYEC)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Vice-Chancellor’s One-Off Discretionary Fund(VCF2014011)(to HYEC)+5 种基金The Chinese University of Hong Kong One-of Funding for Joint Lab/Research Collaboration(3132980)(to HYEC)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Science Strategic Development Fund(FACULTY-P17173)(to HYEC)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre(7105306)(to HYEC)donations from Chow Tai Fook Charity Foundation(6903898)(to HYEC)Hong Kong Spinocerebellar Ataxia Association(6903291)(to HYEC)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship in Clinical Neurosciences of The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China
文摘Yin Yang 1(YY1) is a multi-functional transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cell types,including neurons.It controls neuronal differentiation,as well as neuronal specification and migration during the development of the mammalian nervous system.Besides,YY1 also mediates the transcription of genes that are required for neuronal survival.An impairment of the transcriptional function of YY1 causes neuronal death.This review summarizes recent research findings that unveil the dysfunction of YY1 in multiple neurodegenerative disorders.The expression of disease proteins perturbs the function of YY1 via distinct molecular mechanisms,including recruitment to protein aggregates,protein degradation and aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling.Understanding the pathogenic roles of YY1 will further broaden our knowledge of the disease mechanisms in distinct neurodegenerative disorders.
文摘As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive response that occurs when the body is stimulated by internal and external environmental factors.This paper discusses the correlation between the three phases of stress containing alarm,resistance,and exhaustion and the three yin and three yang diseases.It was concluded that sanyang diseases were related to the alarm stage and resistance stage,and sanyin diseases were related to the failure stage.The results indicated the essence of diseases of six meridians from the perspective of stress and provided reference for the diagnosis and treatment of six classics diseases.
基金General Program of Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0011)Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau,2020ZY023596)the First Batch of Young Outstanding Talent Project of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital(Yu Zhong Yi Yuan Dang[2020]No.20).
文摘For Alzheimer's disease(AD),the earliest symptom is memory loss,which runs throughout the disease.The mutual growth and decline of long-term potentiation(LTP)and long-term depression(LTD)in synaptic plasticity is the basic condition of learning and memory.In the early stage of AD,there is no significant change in synaptic plasticity,so the treatment should mainly focus on warming yang and replenishing qi.In the middle stage of AD,LTP is continuously damaged and reduced,and synaptic plasticity is destroyed,such as weakness of the spleen and stomach,causing stagnation of endogenous retention of phlegm in the brain,so the treatment should focus on enriching yin and tonifying yang,resolving phlegm to remove stagnation.In the late stage of AD,due to excessive deposition of amyloid and other metabolites,neurotoxins are produced and brain atrophy is aggravated,such as depression leading to stasis,phlegm and stasis binding together,long term of stasis turning to heat toxin,which invades the brain,excessive heat damages yin,then both yin and yang are damaged,finally,the brain collateral loses nutrition,so the treatment should focus on replenishing essence and reinforcing marrow,detoxifying and resolving stasis.Yisui Fuyong Decoction can replenish essence and reinforce marrow to nourish yin,warm yang and tonify qi to strengthen yang,combine phlegm resolving,stasis elimination and collateral vessels dredging,realizing the treatment effects in all three stages of synaptic plasticity.
文摘Dr. Zang Kuntang (臧堃堂), professor of the First PLA Military Medical University, has been engaged in the science of traditional Chinese medicine for more than 50 years, with a rich experience accumulated in the treatment of diabetes. It is a great honor for us to have the fortune to follow him in the clinic. The following is a summary of what we have learned from him.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573921Beijing Scientific and Technological Development Project for Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.JJ2015-55
文摘The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is complex. The development of DKD cannot be fully explained by a single mechanism.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been applied extensively for the treatment of DKD in China.However, studying the mechanism of DKD using theories and methods that are appropriate for TCM characteristics and searching for theoretical bases for TCM clinical application are topics that still need to be explored and researched. Activation of the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad and PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways functions as a self-protection mechanism against renal microinflammation in DKD. However, the persistent abnormal overactivation of reactions causes secondary cell dysfunction, cell apoptosis, increased extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion, and eventually renal fibrosis. During this process, the dysregulation of self-balance among a variety of signaling pathways and the loss of self-feedback regulatory mecha-nisms downstream of these signaling pathways are critical causes of the occurrence and development of DKD. TCM may both inhibit the expression or activation of "hyperactive" signaling pathways(NFB, Smad3, and PI3 K/Akt/mTOR) and increase the expression or activation of "deficient" signaling pathways(Smad7 and PTEN) to restore balance to cells with an abnormal pathophysiological status and achieve the goal of DKD treatment.
