背景浙江省嵊州市自2022年8月起开展医疗保险门诊支付方式改革,通过实施总额预算、更新人头费测算标准、改进激励约束机制等政策逐步开展按人头付费改革,激励基层医疗卫生机构提供适宜的基本医疗服务,降低基层医疗费用支出,促进医疗保...背景浙江省嵊州市自2022年8月起开展医疗保险门诊支付方式改革,通过实施总额预算、更新人头费测算标准、改进激励约束机制等政策逐步开展按人头付费改革,激励基层医疗卫生机构提供适宜的基本医疗服务,降低基层医疗费用支出,促进医疗保险基金的可持续发展。目的分析浙江省嵊州市基本医疗保险门诊按人头付费政策对基层医疗卫生机构费用的影响机制,为完善相关支付制度提供参考。方法于2022年4—7月,以“capitation”“medical costs”等为英文检索词,以“按人头付费”“医疗费用”等为中文检索词,检索2000-01-01—2022-07-31 PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库中与按人头付费相关的文献,同时梳理嵊州市实行按人头付费相关的政策文件、政府报告及新闻报道等;于2022年9—12月,对嵊州市按人头付费政策制定与实施者代表进行个人访谈(n=13)。采用系统动力学方法对浙江省嵊州市门诊总额预算下按人头付费改革政策对费用的影响机制进行定性分析。结果将嵊州市本轮医疗保险支付方式改革的政策绘制成因果关系图,得到5条反馈回路。结果显示:按人头总额预算政策的实行能激励基层医疗卫生机构为居民提供规范的医疗服务,促进提高基层签约率,从而控制医疗费用支出;科学的人头费用标准能够激励基层医疗卫生机构自主控制医疗费用;提高医疗保险报销比例,可以切实减轻患者就医负担;完善绩效考核制度,有利于持续提升基层医疗卫生机构服务能力;加强信息共享机制的建设,实现数据共享互通,能整体性地提高居民的健康水平。结论实施按人头付费改革配合多项政策措施,能够提高基层签约率和就诊率,拓宽医疗保险基金来源,保证医疗保险基金的可持续性,提高基层医疗卫生机构的医疗水平和服务能力,改善居民健康状况,最终有利于改善慢性病的防治效果。展开更多
With the development and reform of water price policy, the most common view is that the total cost of water price can reflect the tradable traits of water resources, which can enhance the water use efficiency and achi...With the development and reform of water price policy, the most common view is that the total cost of water price can reflect the tradable traits of water resources, which can enhance the water use efficiency and achieve water resources sustainable utilization. Besides in actual pricing operation, from the angle of protection cost, water price characterizes the cost of controlling pollution and protecting water environment. Based on the two factors of water environment capacity and ecological water consumption embodied by the environment water price, this paper puts forward an effective environmental water price calculation model based on three elements of sewage treatment fee, ecological water price and water quality maintenance fee. And this paper takes the data of Hefei as an example, calculates reasonable environmental price, comparing which with the existing price, and finds the main existing problem which needs to be solved urgently in management.展开更多
文摘背景浙江省嵊州市自2022年8月起开展医疗保险门诊支付方式改革,通过实施总额预算、更新人头费测算标准、改进激励约束机制等政策逐步开展按人头付费改革,激励基层医疗卫生机构提供适宜的基本医疗服务,降低基层医疗费用支出,促进医疗保险基金的可持续发展。目的分析浙江省嵊州市基本医疗保险门诊按人头付费政策对基层医疗卫生机构费用的影响机制,为完善相关支付制度提供参考。方法于2022年4—7月,以“capitation”“medical costs”等为英文检索词,以“按人头付费”“医疗费用”等为中文检索词,检索2000-01-01—2022-07-31 PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库中与按人头付费相关的文献,同时梳理嵊州市实行按人头付费相关的政策文件、政府报告及新闻报道等;于2022年9—12月,对嵊州市按人头付费政策制定与实施者代表进行个人访谈(n=13)。采用系统动力学方法对浙江省嵊州市门诊总额预算下按人头付费改革政策对费用的影响机制进行定性分析。结果将嵊州市本轮医疗保险支付方式改革的政策绘制成因果关系图,得到5条反馈回路。结果显示:按人头总额预算政策的实行能激励基层医疗卫生机构为居民提供规范的医疗服务,促进提高基层签约率,从而控制医疗费用支出;科学的人头费用标准能够激励基层医疗卫生机构自主控制医疗费用;提高医疗保险报销比例,可以切实减轻患者就医负担;完善绩效考核制度,有利于持续提升基层医疗卫生机构服务能力;加强信息共享机制的建设,实现数据共享互通,能整体性地提高居民的健康水平。结论实施按人头付费改革配合多项政策措施,能够提高基层签约率和就诊率,拓宽医疗保险基金来源,保证医疗保险基金的可持续性,提高基层医疗卫生机构的医疗水平和服务能力,改善居民健康状况,最终有利于改善慢性病的防治效果。
文摘With the development and reform of water price policy, the most common view is that the total cost of water price can reflect the tradable traits of water resources, which can enhance the water use efficiency and achieve water resources sustainable utilization. Besides in actual pricing operation, from the angle of protection cost, water price characterizes the cost of controlling pollution and protecting water environment. Based on the two factors of water environment capacity and ecological water consumption embodied by the environment water price, this paper puts forward an effective environmental water price calculation model based on three elements of sewage treatment fee, ecological water price and water quality maintenance fee. And this paper takes the data of Hefei as an example, calculates reasonable environmental price, comparing which with the existing price, and finds the main existing problem which needs to be solved urgently in management.
