Clinical manifestation,lifestyle,and treatment patterns of chronic erosive gastritis:A multicenter real-world study in China

BACKGROUND Although chronic erosive gastritis(CEG)is common,its clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated.The lack of consensus regarding its treatment has resulted in varied treatment regimens.AIM To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment patterns,and short-term outcomes in CEG patients in China.METHODS We recruited patients with chronic non-atrophic or mild-to-moderate atrophic gastritis with erosion based on endoscopy and pathology.Patients and treating physicians completed a questionnaire regarding history,endoscopic findings,and treatment plans as well as a follow-up questionnaire to investigate changes in symptoms after 4 wk of treatment.RESULTS Three thousand five hundred sixty-three patients from 42 centers across 24 cities in China were included.Epigastric pain(68.0%),abdominal distension(62.6%),and postprandial fullness(47.5%)were the most common presenting symptoms.Gastritis was classified as chronic non-atrophic in 69.9%of patients.Among those with erosive lesions,72.1%of patients had lesions in the antrum,51.0%had multiple lesions,and 67.3%had superficial flat lesions.In patients with epigastric pain,the combination of a mucosal protective agent(MPA)and proton pump inhibitor was more effective.For those with postprandial fullness,acid regurgitation,early satiety,or nausea,a MPA appeared more promising.CONCLUSION CEG is a multifactorial disease which is common in Asian patients and has non-specific symptoms.Gastroscopy may play a major role in its detection and diagnosis.Treatment should be individualized based on symptom profile.

Real-world treatment patterns of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: A claims database analysis

AIM To describe real-world treatment patterns of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors(GI NET).METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we used 2009-2014 data from 2 United States commercial claims databases to examine newly pharmacologically treated patients using tabular and graphical techniques. Treatments included somatostatin analogues(SSA),cytotoxic chemotherapy(CC),targeted therapy(TT),interferon(IF) and combinations. We identified patients at least 18 years of age,with ≥ 1 inpatient or ≥ 2 outpatient claims for GI NET who initiated pharmacologic treatment from 7/1/09-6/30/14. A 6 mo clean period prior to first treatment ensured patients were newly treated. Patients were followed until end of enrollment or the study end date,whichever was first.RESULTS We identified 2258 newly treated GI NET patients: mean(SD) age was 55.6 years(SD = 9.7),47.2% of the patients were between 55 and 64 years,and 48.8% were female. All regions of the United States were represented. 59.6% started first-line therapy with SSA monotherapy(964 with octreotide LAR,380 with octreotide SA,and 1 with lanreotide),33.3% CC,3.6% TT,and 0.5% IF. The remainder received combinations. Mean follow up was 576 d. Overall mean first-line therapy duration was 361 d(449 d for SSA,215 for CC,267 for TT). 58.9% of patients had no pharmacological treatment beyond first line. The most common secondline was combination therapy with SSA. In graphical pattern analysis,there was no clear pattern visible after first line therapy.CONCLUSION In this study,60% of patients initiated treatment with SSA alone or in combination. The relatively long time to discontinuation suggests possible sustained effectiveness and tolerability.

On Treatment Patterns for Modeling Medical Treatment Processes in Clinical Practice Guidelines

Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)contain evidence-based and economically reasonable medical treatment processes.Executable medical treatment processes in healthcare information systems can assist the treatment processes.To this end,business process modeling technologies have been exploited to model medical treatment processes.However,medical treatment processes are usually flexible and knowledge-intensive.To reduce the effort in modeling,we summarize several treatment patterns(i.e.,frequent behaviors in medical treatment processes in CPGs),and represent them by three process modeling languages(i.e.,BPMN,DMN,and CMMN).Based on the summarized treatment patterns,we propose a pattern-based integrated framework for modeling medical treatment processes.A modeling platform is implemented to support the use of treatment patterns,by which the feasibility of our approach is validated.An empirical analysis is discussed based on the coverage rates of treatment patterns.Feedback from interviewed physicians in a Chinese hospital shows that executable medical treatment processes of CPGs provide a convenient way to obtain guidance,thus assisting daily work for medical workers.

Temporal Change in Treatment Patterns of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Its Association with Patient Survival:A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on an Intelligent Big-Data Platform

There is a lack of high-quality,large-scale,real-world evidence from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC),especially in China.It remains unclear whether efforts to improve the quality of care for mCRC would improve patient survival outcomes in real-world practice.On the basis of an intelligent bigdata platform,we established a large-scale retrospective cohort of mCRC patients.We investigated the temporal changes in the systemic and local treatment(resection,ablation,or radiation to liver,lung,or extrahepatic and/or extrapulmonary metastases)patterns of mCRC,and whether these changes were associated with improved overall survival(OS)over time.Between July 2012 and December 2018,3403 eligible patients were included in this research.The median OS was 42.8 months(95%confidence interval(CI),40.7–46.6)for the entire cohort,25.6 months(95%CI,24.7–26.9)for those treated with systemic therapy only,and not reached(95%CI,78.6 months–not reached)for those receiving local therapy.The utility rate of local therapy increased continuously from 37.9%in 2012–2014 to 46.9%in 2017–2018.A dramatic increase in the utility rate of either cetuximab or bevacizumab was observed since 2017(39.9%,43.2%,and 60.3%in 2012–2014,2015–2016,and 2017–2018,respectively).Compared with 2012–2014,the OS of the entire population significantly improved in 2015–2016(hazard ratio(HR)=0.87(95%CI,0.78–0.99);P=0.034),but not for patients receiving systemic therapy only(HR=0.99(95%CI,0.86–1.14);P=0.889),whereas an improved OS was found in 2015–2018 for both the entire population(HR=0.75(95%CI,0.70–0.81);P<0.001)and for patients receiving systemic therapy only(HR=0.83(95%CI,0.77–0.91);P<0.001).In summary,the quality of care for mCRC,as indicated by the utility rate of targeted and local therapies,has been continuously improving over time in this study cohort,which is associated with continuously improving survival outcomes for these patients.

Prevalence and treatment patterns of ranibizumab and photodynamic therapy in a tertiary care setting in Malaysia

AIM：To describe the prevalence and changes in treatment patterns of ranibizumab and photodynamic therapy（PDT） among retinal disease patients who attended the Ophthalmology Clinic in the tertiary care Hospital Selayang from 2010 to 2014.METHODS：Study subjects were recruited retrospectively using the Electronic Medical Record（EMR） database software in Hospital Selayang.Demographic data,medical history,diagnostic procedure,treatments and diagnosis of patients were recorded.RESULTS：The five-year analysis included 821 patients with a mean age of 65.9±11.73 y.Overall,there were a highernumber of males（63.1%） and a higher number of Chinese（47.4%） patients.Among the 821 patients,62.9% received ranibizumab injection followed by 19.2% PDT therapy and 17.9% had ranibizumab combined with PDT therapy.Age-related macular degeneration（AMD） and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy（PCV） were the most common retinal eye diseases reported,recording prevalence of 25.0% and 45.6%,respectively.The trend in ranibizumab treatment was reported to increase while PDT showed a decrease in trend from year 2010 to 2014.In terms of treatment,following multiple logistic regression,AMD was associated with the subjects being more likely to have received ranibizumab monotherapy（P〈0.001） while PCV was associated with more likely to have received PDT（P〈0.001） and PDT combined with ranibizumab therapy（P〈0.001）.CONCLUSION：The tertiary care setting in Malaysia is consistent with management of patients from other countries whereby ranibizumab is the most common treatment given to patients with AMD,while PCV patients most commonly receive PDT and ranibizumab combined with PDT therapy.

Trends in medication use and treatment patterns in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND Medications for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have changed dramatically over time.However,no study on long-term medication profiles has been conducted in the Chinese population.AIM To evaluate temporal changes in medication use and treatment patterns for Chinese patients with IBD.METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among Chinese patients newly diagnosed with Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)between January 1999 and December 2019.Baseline characteristics and drug prescriptions were collected.Trends in medication use and therapeutic patterns were analyzed.RESULTS In total,3610 patients were analyzed.During follow-up,5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)and corticosteroids(CS)prescriptions gradually decreased,accompanied by a notable increase in immunosuppressants(IMS)and infliximab(IFX)prescriptions in patients with CD.Prescription rates of 5-ASA and CS were stable,whereas IMS and IFX slightly increased since 2007 in patients with UC.Subgroup(n=957)analyses showed a switch from conventional medications to IFX in patients with CD,while 5-ASA and CS were still steadily prescribed in patients with UC.Logistic regression analyses revealed that surgical history,disease behavior,and disease location were associated with initial therapeutic strategies in patients with CD.However,medications before diagnosis,disease location,and diagnostic year might affect initial strategies in patients with UC.CONCLUSION Long-term treatment strategies analyses has provided unique insight into the switch from conventional drugs to IFX in Chinese patients with CD.

Medical Treatment Process Modeling Based on Process Mining and Treatment Patterns

activities.Ex-periments on a synthetic log of the non-secondary hy-pertension MTP and empirical findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.The results show that the process mining in our approach framework can automatically generate more accurate MTP mod-els,and the subprocess models based on treatment pat-terns make the models easy to understand.

Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Costs among U.S. Patients with Advanced Melanoma Initiating Subsequent Systemic Therapy Following Use of Ipilimumab (IPI)

As the treatment landscape for advanced melanoma continues to evolve, it is critical to focus on unmet needs and understand the cost of therapy. While Ipilimumab (IPI), an immunotherapy indicated for unresectable advanced melanoma, has been a mainstay of 1st-line treatment, there was no standard of care following progression until recently. The objective of this study was to examine real-world treatment patterns and healthcare costs following IPI use in advanced melanoma patients prior to the anti-PD-1 class approval. Adult stage III or IV melanoma patients treated with IPI were selected between April 1, 2011, and September 30, 2013, from a large U.S. commercial and Medicare claims database. Patients were evaluated for therapy after IPI, with an index date set as the first systemic therapy after IPI. Per-Patient Per-Month (PPPM) healthcare costs while on active treatment were evaluated from index until treatment discontinuation, inpatient death, end of insurance enrollment, or September 30, 2013. Of 361 eligible patients, 111 (30.7%) initiated subsequent systemic therapy (mean age, 57 years;64.9% male). The most common therapies, single-agent or combination, included vemurafenib (32.4%), paclitaxel (28.8%), temozolomide (20.7%), and carboplatin (17.1%). During a median follow-up of 130 days, mean [standard deviation] PPPM all-cause total healthcare costs were $20,383 [$18,988], of which $4800 (23.6%), $5899 (28.9%), and $9684 (47.5%) were related to melanoma drug costs, medical claims with a diagnosis of melanoma, and other (non-specified) utilization, respectively. When considering total care, the costs of U.S. patients with advanced melanoma post-IPI were substantial across all commonly used agents.

Treatment Patterns and Economic Assessment of Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The goal of this study was to understand treatment patterns, biomarker testing practices, treatment adherence, and the clinical and economic outcomes associated with chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively examined electronic health records of patients with metastatic CRC who initiated chemotherapy between 01 January 2007 and 30 June 2011, with follow-up to 30 June 2012. Parameters analyzed included demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and health care resource utilization. Results: In the analysis, 756 patients were included;median age was 61 years (55% male) at start of first line therapy. The most commonly used regimens in the first, second, and third line were FOLFOX + bevacizumab (46%), FOLFIRI + bevacizumab (23%), and irinotecan + cetuximab (23%) respectively. Adherence to guidelines decreased with increasing line of therapy. When assessed by treatment backbone categories in the third line, outcome measures including overall survival (OS), and time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) were not statistically different between groups. In the multivariable model, body mass index (BMI), performance status, and KRAS were significant predictors of survival. Conclusions: This study provides insight into patterns of care and outcomes of mCRC patients for the aforementioned time period. As treatment options for mCRC evolve, it is valuable to understand the continuum of care to help inform future treatment among candidates for continued therapy.

Treatment Patterns and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Community Oncology Setting

Advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) includes metastatic and locally advanced BCC that is inoperable (or with surgery contraindicated). We describe patient characteristics and treatment history for aBCC cases from community oncology. Nine cases of aBCC were found within the ACORN Data Warehouse, a community oncology database of >180,000 cancer patients. Data were summarized descriptively. Three illustrative case histories are presented. Patients were predominantly Caucasian (8/9), male (6/9), and over 60 (6/9). Four had metastatic disease;five had aBCC without metastasis. Five had a history of treatment for early stage BCC, including surgery (5/5), radiation (1/5), and none had chemotherapy. Those with history of early stage BCC had periods of apparent lack of follow-up and treatment. One had chemotherapy for aBCC (platinum based with radiation) and eight had radiation without chemotherapy. Patients had multiple comorbid serious medical conditions. Six were deceased, but only one was documented to have aBCC as cause of death. Advanced BCC is rare in community oncology settings. There appear to be gaps in the care and follow-up of patients with initial early stage BCC. More data and larger samples are needed from multi-specialty databases such as dermatology and head and neck surgery.

Chinese Medicine Prolongs Overall Survival of Chinese Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Treatment Pattern and Survival Analysis of a 20-Year Real-World Study

Objective To describe the treatment patterns and survival status of advanced gastric cancer(AGC)in China in the past two decades,and objectively evaluate the impact of standardized Chinese medicine(CM)treatment on the survival of AGC patients.Methods This multicenter registry designed and propensity score analysis study described the diagnosis characteristics,treatment-pattern development and survival status of AGC from 10 hospitals in China between January 1,2000 and July 31,2021.Overall survival(OS)was evaluated between non-CM cohort(standard medical treatment)and CM cohort(integrated standard CM treatment≥3 months).Propensity score matching(PSM)and inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)were performed to adjust any difference in average outcomes for bias.Results A total of 2,001 patients histologically confirmed locally advanced and/or metastasis stomach and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were enrolled.Among them,1,607 received systemic chemotherapy,215(10.74%)accepted molecular targeted therapy,44(2.2%)received checkpoint inhibitor therapy,and 769(38.43%)received CM.Two-drug regimen was the main choice for first-line treatment,with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum as the most common regimen(530 cases,60.09%).While 45.71%(16 cases)of patients with HER2 amplification received trastuzumab in first-line.The application of apatinib increased(33.33%)in third-line.The application of checkpoint inhibitors has increased since 2020.COX analysis showed that Lauren mixed type(P=0.017),cycles of first-line treatment>6(P=0.000),CM(P=0.000),palliative gastrectomy(P=0.000),trastuzumab(P=0.011),and apatinib(P=0.008)were independent prognostic factors for the OS of AGC.After PSM and IPTW,the median OS of CM cohort and non-CM cohort was 18.17 and 12.45 months,respectively(P<0.001).Conclusions In real-world practice for AGC in China,therapy choices consisted with guidelines.Two-drug regimen was the main first-line choice.Standardized CM treatment was an independent prognostic factor and could prolong the OS of Chinese patients with AGC.(Registration No.NCT02781285)

Pharmacotherapy treatment patterns at hospital discharge and clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Background:This study aimed to assess the prescribing patterns of evidencebased pharmacotherapy and their association with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)in Thailand.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of patients with HFrEF was conducted.Treatment with aβ-blocker and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)with or without mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists(MRAs)at discharge was regarded as guideline-directed medical therapy(GDMT).All others were considered non-GDMT.The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality or heart failure(HF)rehospitalization.Inverse-probabilitytreatment-weighted adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the treatment effects.Results:In total,653 patients with HFrEF(mean age 64.1±14.3 years;55.9%male)were included.GDMT withβ-blockers and RASIs with or without MRAs was prescribed at a rate of 35.4%.During a median of 1-year follow-up,167 patients(27.5%)had a composite event,81 patients(13.3%)had all-cause mortality,and 109 patients(18.0%)had HF rehospitalization.Patients treated with GDMT at discharge showed significantly lower rates of the primary endpoint(adjusted hazard ratio[HR]0.63;95%CI 0.44-0.89;p=0.009)compared with patients who did not receive GDMT.The use of GDMT was also associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality(adjusted HR 0.59;95%CI 0.36-0.98;p=0.045)and HF rehospitalization(adjusted HR 0.65;95%CI 0.43-0.96;p=0.031).Conclusions:For HFrEF treatment,GDMT initiation at hospital discharge was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization.Nevertheless,prescribing GDMT remains underused,and it could be encouraged to improve HF outcomes in real-world settings.

Comparing the effectiveness of pattern differentiation treatment and fixed formula treatment for perimenopausal syndrome with Chinese herbal medicine:A study protocol

Objective:To further understand and compare the effectiveness of pattern differentiation treatment and fixed prescription treatment in perimenopausal syndrome.Methods:The study will be conducted in the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Workers'Medical Clinics,Hong Kong Baptist University Chinese Medicine Clinic cum Training and Research Centre(Hong Kong,China).One hundred Chinese women,aged 45-55 years,will be recruited.The participants will be randomized into 2 groups.The intervention group will be administered medication,based on pattern differentiation,by qualified traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners.After each evaluation,TCM practitioners will evaluate and revise the prescription,based on the participants'patterns.The control group will be given the standard formula,i.e.,the Erxian decoction,which contains 6 herbs.The treatment period and the follow-up period will be 8 weeks each.The primary assessment outcome measure will be the Kupperman Index,and the secondary outcome measure will be the Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire score.Conclusion:Pattern-differentiated treatment is the basic principle of TCM to understand and treat diseases.The study will show the pattern-differentiated treatment is effectiveness than the fixed prescription.

The Morphology of Patterning with Pseudoplastic Metal Nanoparticle Fluids during Heat Treatment

A pseudoplastic metal nanoparticle fluid （PMNF） is used in nanoimprint to fabricate semiconductors and func- tional devices. The evaporation of the solvent and the sintering of the Au PMNF are investigated. The key parameters, which influence the morphology of patterning, such as the radius of metal particles, the concentra- tion of metal particles, the Hamaker constant of the solvent, viscosity of the fluids and the evaporation velocity, are analyzed. Based on a two-sphere sintering model, the equations are derived, which represent the relationships between the relative shrinkage and radius of the metal particles, sintering temperature and time. The optimal parameters for the heat treatment are provided in nanoimprint.

孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病的经验探析

孙克伟教授在长期临床诊治中总结发现,多种肝病殊途同归,提出“补脾土,疏肝解郁”“逐湿邪,热无所依”“补先天,解毒袪邪”“调气血,瘀滞得化”“温脾阳,截断逆挽”的学术经验,临床应用效果显著。该文将从以上五法探析孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病经验,旨在为肝病中医诊疗提供参考和借鉴。

金玫应用木土同调法治疗胸痹心痛经验

金玫教授认为胸痹心痛病常与肝胆、脾胃功能失衡相关,肝胆在五行中属木,脾胃属土,其提出胸痹心痛病木土同调的中医辨证论治方法,肝气乘脾,心气不足证,治以培土泄木,补益心气;肝胃有热,心阴不足证,治以清肝和胃,滋阴清心;脾胃湿热,胆火扰心证,治以清热利胆,健脾燥湿;脾虚肝郁,气虚血瘀证,治以实土御木,益气活血;肝胃气滞,瘀血内停证,治以疏肝理气,活血化瘀;心肝血虚,脾气不足证,治以养肝健脾,补血活血;心虚胆怯,脾阳不足证,治以安神定志,温补脾阳。

基于“玄府气液”理论治疗慢性难愈性溃疡

慢性难愈性溃疡是“虚”“瘀”两种致病因素相互交织、相互作用的结果,“虚”“瘀”贯穿疾病发展的始终。而“玄府开阖失司,气液代谢失调”是本病迁延难治的病机关键。刘丽芳教授综合运用煨脓生肌、阳和通玄、托里消毒诸法开玄府、调气液,令玄府开阖有司,气液代谢调和,临床疗效满意,附验案一则加以阐明。

“躺平式”干部的表现及精准治理对策研究

干部“躺平”问题是新时代高素质干部队伍建设面临的一个严峻挑战。干部“躺平”表现为其精神懈怠不想为、贪慕虚功不会为、明哲保身不敢为、得过且过和缺乏斗志等实践样态。从存在问题的根源上讲,一是政治修为不够,人民至上观念弱化;二是担当本领不强,不能与时俱进提升工作能力;三是干事生态环境存在掣肘,影响干部对工作的进取激情;四是激励措施低效,不能提供有效的制度激励;五是督查问责制度不健全,容错纠错空间相对较小。要使干部真正“站”起来和大刀阔斧地干起来,在治理上应坚持系统思维,标本兼治,构建起源头防范与纠建并举的系统治理体系。

贾英杰辨治食管癌经验撷菁

[目的]总结全国名中医贾英杰教授治疗食管癌的临床经验。[方法]通过临证随诊,收集、分析贾教授对食管癌病因病机的认识及相关用药,并举验案一则加以佐证。[结果]贾教授认为,食管癌病机可概括为,早期属“痰凝气滞”,晚期整体属“本元亏虚”,局部“痰瘀互结,气机阻膈”,痰、气、瘀胶结酿毒,变生癌浊,壅塞成瘤。临证辨治应始终以“气”为着眼点,尤重“气机”调达,肺、脾、肝三脏同调,根据患者的舌脉特点动态辨治,施药强调揆度“扶正”与“祛邪”的尺度,使瘀滞得化、癌毒得除、膈道得通。本文所附验案为正气亏虚,三焦代谢失常,以致癌浊久羁难化,辨证为痰凝气滞、瘀结阻膈证,治以降气化痰、化瘀宽中,根据患者病情变化,适时调整用药,终获良效。[结论]贾教授基于食管癌的特点及患者的体质,辨病与辨证相结合治疗食管癌,为临床用药提供了一定的参考价值和新路径。

全国名中医贾英杰“黜浊培本”论治卵巢癌的经验撷英

卵巢癌是病死率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤。全国名中医贾英杰认为卵巢癌是虚实夹杂、本虚标实之证,其病位在卵巢,与肝、脾、肾三脏密切相关,发病的基本病机为脾肾亏虚、冲任失调、癌浊内蕴、客于虚处。治疗当以“黜浊培本”为基本原则。强调疏利三焦,尤重下焦;固本培元,脾肾同调;条达枢机,疏运相合;因势利导,血水同调;中西合参,分型论治。总结贾英杰教授治疗卵巢癌的中医临证经验,并附验案1则加以阐明。