Effect of length-width ratio of rounded rectangle aquaculture tank in dual-diagonal-inlet layout on hydrodynamics

To adapt to the change of aquaculture workshop site,optimize the shape of aquaculture tanks and improve the utilization rate of breeding space,it is necessary to determine the appropriate length width ratio parameters of aquaculture tanks.In this paper,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology is adopted to study the flow field performance of aquaculture tanks with different L/B ratios(L:the length;B:the width,of aquaculture tank)and different jet direction conditions(lengthways jet and widthways jet).A three-dimensional numerical calculation model of turbulence in rounded rectangle aquaculture tanks in dual-diagonal-inlet layout was established.Jet directions are arranged lengthways and widthways,and the water flow velocity,resistance coefficient change,vorticity,etc.are analyzed under two working conditions.Results show that the flow field performance in aquaculture tank decreases with the increase of the L/B ratio.The flow field performed well when L/B was 1.0-1.3,sharply dropped at 1.4-1.6,and poor at 1.7-1.9.The results provided a theoretical basis for the design and optimization in flow field performance of the industrialized circulating aquaculture tanks.

ADAFT:SDN大规模流表的适应性深度聚合存储架构

为解决软件定义网络(SDN)数据平面中的三态内容可寻址存储器(TCAM)资源紧张问题,提出了一种基于内容表项树的SDN流表深度聚合方法,进而构建一种SDN大规模流表的适应性深度聚合存储架构ADAFT。该架构放宽了聚合表项之间的汉明距离要求,构建内容表项树聚合动作集不同的流表项,显著提高了流表聚合程度。设计了一种TCAM装载率感知的内容表项树动态限高机制,以降低流表查找开销。同时,提出了一种TCAM装载率感知的表项聚合适应性选择策略,以均衡流表聚合程度和查找开销。实验结果表明,ADAFT架构的流表压缩率明显高于现有方法,最高可达65.74%。

基于中孕期临床数据构建孕妇发生自发性早产的预测模型:一项单中心的回顾性研究

目的 基于中孕期临床数据分析孕妇发生自发性早产(SPB)的影响因素,并建立预测模型。方法 回顾性分析1 051名孕妇的临床资料,其中分娩时孕周<37周的孕妇为SPB组,≥37周的孕妇为足月组。使用多因素logistic回归模型探究孕妇发生SPB的影响因素。按照7∶3的比例将孕妇随机分成训练集和验证集,采用决策树算法建立孕妇发生SPB的预测模型,并采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型预测性能。结果 多因素分析结果显示,分娩时年龄(OR=1.070,95%CI:1.001~1.144)、孕次(OR=1.888,95%CI:1.023~3.485),以及孕中期白细胞计数(OR=1.144,95%CI:1.026~1.276)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)(OR=1.603,95%CI:1.152~2.232)、胎儿纤维连接蛋白(fFN)(OR=6.961,95%CI:3.740~12.955)、阴道清洁度(OR=6.673,95%CI:3.661~12.161)均是孕妇发生SPB的影响因素(均P<0.05)。训练集与验证集的决策树模型ROC曲线下面积分别为0.796(95%CI:0.720~0.871)和0.786(95%CI:0.658~0.913),准确度分别为93.99%和94.83%。Delong检验显示,验证集决策树模型ROC曲线下积与训练集决策树模型差异无统计学意义(D=0.126,P=0.786),提示模型预测效能较好。结论 分娩时年龄、孕次,以及孕中期白细胞计数和NLR水平、fFN、阴道清洁度均是孕妇发生SPB的影响因素,基于这些因素构建的决策树模型,预测性能较好,可为临床实现孕妇发生SPB风险的个性化的预测提供参考。

Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients Pinus spp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land, northeast China

The concentrations of the foliar and surface soil nutrients and the variation with species and stand age were studied inPinus spp. plantations in Zhanggutai area, northeast China. The results showed that the total N, total P and C: N ratio of the soil inP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands were significantly higher in comparison with those inP. tabulaeformis andP. densiflora stands. ForP. sylvestris var.mongolica, the foliar P concentration appeared to decrease with age, and the foliar N and K concentrations did not show a consistent change with age. As for the different tree species of the similar age, the foliar N and P concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05), being withP. sylvestris var.mongolica>P. densiflora>P. tabulaeformis. The foliar N: P ratio ofP. densiflora significantly was higher thanP. sylvestris var.mongolica andP. tabulaeformis, while the foliar K was no obvious difference between the three tree species. There were significant correlation (p<0.05) between soil total N and P, soil organic matter and total P, foliar N and P, but it did not show significant correlations between soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, which might attribute to the excessive litter raking, overgrazing and low soil moisture in this area. Based on the foliar N: P ratio, we introduced a combination threshold index of N: P ratio with their absolute foliar nutrient concentrations to determine the possible limiting nutrient. According to the critical N: P ratio and their absolute foliar N, P concentrations, theP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands showed a decreased N limitation degree with age, theP. densiflora stands showed unlimited by N and P in the whole, and theP. tabulaeformis stands showed co-limited by N and P. No significant difference in soil nutrient concentrations of the surface soils was found between 45, 29, 20-yr-oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation stands. Keywords coniferous trees - foliar nutrient concentration - limiting nutrients - N - P ratio - Zhanggutai sandy land CLC number S718.55 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0011-08 Foundation item: This research was supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-418) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: CHEN Guang-sheng (1978-), male, master candidate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

不同林分密度时激光雷达点云数据单木分割及参数提取

为了准确高效提取人工林结构参数,以晋西黄土区蔡家川流域人工油松林为研究对象,利用30块样地的激光雷达点云数据和样地实测数据,通过改变点云距离判别聚类算法的格网值和调整分水岭算法的冠层高度分辨率的方法,对比分析关键参数对单木分割的敏感性,探求点云距离判别聚类算法和分水岭算法对树高提取精度的最优参量。结果表明:(1)点云距离判别聚类算法单木提取的召回率为87.3%、准确率为86.0%、调和值为86.7%,优于分水岭算法(召回率为83.0%、准确率为83.8%、调和值为83.4%)。(2)点云距离判别聚类算法分割单木的敏感性,采用最小冠幅1/5的格网值,其召回率为87.3%、准确率为86.0%、调和值为86.7%,分割精度最高。分水岭算法分割单木的最优关键参量随林分密度不同而变化,当林分密度≤3600株/hm^(2),采用冠层高度分辨率0.3 m时,分割效果最优,其召回率为78.9%、准确率为85.2%、调和值为81.9%;当林分密度≥3700株/hm^(2),采用冠层高度分辨率0.2 m时,分割效果最优,召回率为87.2%、准确率为82.5%、调和值为84.8%。(3)分水岭算法提取树高精度(决定系数为0.88,均方根误差为0.93 m)优于点云距离判别聚类算法。

马尾松人工林异龄混交改造对土壤团聚体酶活性及酶化学计量比的影响

土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比是表征土壤养分限制状况和评估微生物养分需求的关键指标。因此,为探究马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林引入一种或多种阔叶树种异龄混交改造对土壤团聚体酶活性和酶化学计量比的影响及其响应机制,本研究以马尾松人工纯林(PP)、马尾松/红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)异龄混交林(MP)、马尾松/多树种异龄混交林(MMP)为研究对象,测定不同林分类型下原土和不同粒径土壤团聚体碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)循环相关的酶活性、土壤理化性质、微生物生物量等指标,分析它们之间的关系,并通过冗余分析(RDA)确定影响土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比的最主要因素。结果表明:①异龄混交改造显著改变了土壤酶活性,表现为MP和MMP均显著高于PP,但MP和MMP之间没有显著差异,且酶活性在微团聚体(<0.25 mm)中最高;②凋落物量、细根生物量、土壤理化性质、微生物生物量与酶活性、酶化学计量比均有不同程度的相关关系,冗余分析发现微生物生物量碳(MBC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)、微生物生物量碳磷比(MBC∶MBP)是影响土壤酶活性的主要驱动因子,而TN、MBC和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-) N)是影响酶化学计量比的主要因子;③PP、MP和MMP土壤酶C∶N∶P自然对数比分别为1.20∶1.03∶1、1.17∶1.07∶1和1.16∶1.04∶1,表明3种林分的土壤微生物均对C需求较高,微生物生长代谢容易受C限制,而异龄混交改造能有效缓解林分土壤的C限制。综上,马尾松人工林引入阔叶树种可有效提高土壤酶活性,促进土壤养分循环和改善土壤质量,但在经营过程中需注意适当增施氮肥以维持其高效生产力和可持续发展。

6种阔叶树种幼苗生物量分配特征及模型构建

以福建省上杭白砂国有林场闽楠、南岭栲、米老排、青冈、云山青冈和木荷2年生幼苗为研究对象,采用全株收获法获取6种树种幼苗根、茎、叶及整株的生物量,比较其分配特征和地上、地下生物量的异速生长关系,建立不同树种幼苗各器官及整株生物量的回归估测模型。结果表明:(1)不同树种幼苗整株生物量差异显著,依次为青冈>米老排>南岭栲>云山青冈>木荷>闽楠。(2)不同树种幼苗各器官生物量分配差异显著,其中青冈根生物量占比最大(39.9%),米老排茎生物量占比最大(45.0%),闽楠叶生物量占比最大(49.2%)。(3)不同树种幼苗地下生物量与地上生物量比值均小于1,表明幼苗生物量更多地分配到茎和叶。除木荷外,其余树种地上、地下生物量均遵循显著的等速生长关系。(4)不同树种幼苗生物量回归估测模型多为幂函数模型,其次为三次多项式模型。6种树种幼苗整株生物量在不同器官分配上存在差异,同时幼苗地上、地下生物量间呈现出等速生长规律。各树种幼苗生物量回归估测模型拟合效果较好,可在相同或相似立地条件下估算不同树种幼苗生物量。

福建桉树异速生长方程与生物量估算

以中国南方主要速生丰产树种桉树为研究对象,利用野外破坏性实测的90棵桉树解析木数据,研究桉树单木器官生物量的分配及规律,构建最佳单木异速生长方程,计算桉树根冠比并将其应用于桉树树根生物量的估算。结果表明:1)桉树生物量的分配策略如下:随着林龄的增大,桉树树干的生物量分配比例不断增多,而树枝、树叶和树根的生物量分配比例不断减少。2)应用桉树分林龄的根冠比数据估算桉树树根生物量是最为可行且有效的方法。3)在桉树生物量的异速生长方程构建中,乘幂方程优于线性方程,最优自变量则根据各器官有所差异。

基于优化负样本采样策略的梯度提升决策树与随机森林的汶川同震滑坡易发性评价

强震诱发的滑坡具有数量多、分布广、规模大等特点,严重威胁人民生命财产安全。滑坡易发性评价能够快速预测灾害空间分布,对于减轻震后灾害的危险性具有重要意义。在同震滑坡易发性评价研究中,如何选取滑坡负样本并通过耦合机器学习模型提高评价精度的对比研究仍需进一步研究。以山区汶川地震诱发的滑坡为研究区,首先选取地形地貌、地质环境、地震参数等10个滑坡评价因子,分析滑坡空间分布规律;其次因子共线性分析检验数据冗余,接下来采用频率比法(FR)选取极低、低易发区滑坡负样本点的采样策略;最后采用基于决策树演化改进的梯度提升决策树(GBDT)、随机森林(RF)和耦合模型(FR-GBD与FR-RF),开展了基于机器学习的同震滑坡易发性区划并进行精度评价。研究结果表明:①滑坡空间分布受到多层级因子控制;②模型预测精度为:FR-RF(AUC=0.943)>FR-GBDT(AUC=0.926)>RF(AUC=0.901)>GBDT(AUC=0.856);③在低易发区选择滑坡负样本可以明显提高易发性精度。研究成果可为滑坡易发性中负样本的选择和评价模型构建提供参考同时也为震后滑坡的防灾减灾提供理论支持。

基于跨视图原型非对比学习的异构图嵌入模型

基于非对比学习(NCL)的异构图嵌入模型不依赖负样本学习数据的内在特征和模式,可能导致模型无法有效地学习节点之间的区分度。提出了一种基于跨视图原型非对比学习的异构图嵌入模型(XP-NCL),通过寻找额外的正样本提供更多关于源节点的上下文信息,并重新考虑了正样本之间的相似性,从而为下游任务学习更高效的节点表征。该模型首先设计了一种基于异构图随机游走的树型结构,通过筛选出满足局部结构约束的随机游走路径,从而构建正样本的有向筛选树(DFT),该树包含丰富的邻居信息和语义信息;其次针对异构图的特性,定义了跨视图原型指数(ISDR)和峰值算子(peak operator),从多个维度考虑了同类样本在数量和数值上的对齐;在此基础上,模型利用停止梯度更新进行训练。最后,在ACM、DBLP和freebase数据集上,实验验证了节点的分类和聚类性能,结果表明,即使不使用负样本,XP-NCL表征与其他同构图和异构图基线相比,很多情况下都可以呈现出更优越的性能。

环境友好型害虫诱捕器对茶园主要刺吸式害虫的诱捕效果

利用自制环境友好型简易害虫诱捕器,研究不同颜色组合粘虫板对皖南茶园主要刺吸式害虫的诱捕效果及其环境安全性。结果表明,5种颜色组合以金黄-橘红色和金黄-正红色对茶园刺吸式害虫的诱捕效果相对较好,其诱集数量分别为105.6头/盏和102.4头/盏。以金黄-橘红色、土黄-正红色和橙黄-正红色对益虫的诱集数量较小,分别为16.2、19.4、17.4头/盏,诱集益害比分别为0.15、0.20和0.18,且金黄-橘红色组合粘虫板诱捕的昆虫多样性指数最低(1.767),对茶园生态环境较为友好。利用金黄-橘红色和金黄色粘虫板按495盏/hm~2连续诱捕105 d,对茶园小绿叶蝉的防治效果分别为57.14%和42.86%。

基于RetinaFace和ERT的眼部疲劳检测方法

针对疲劳驾驶检测问题,提出一种基于人脸图像特征的眼部疲劳检测方法。利用RetinaFace网络检测面部区域的位置;通过级联回归树(ERT,Ensemble of Regression Trees)算法获取人脸68个关键特征点,同时完成对眼部区域的划分;计算人眼纵横比,判断出睁眼和闭眼行为;根据PERCLOS度量准则实现疲劳状态的检测与判定。在YawDD数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法识别的平均准确率、精确率和召回率分别为90.24%、92.41%和91.90%,能有效识别眼部疲劳状态。

Competition-density effect of tree organs in Acacia auriculiformis stands

The competition-density (C-D) effects for mean mass for tree, stem, branch and leaf were analyzed in Acacia auriculiformis stands. Mean tree mass-density and mean organ mass-density were well explained by the C-D equation of tree and the C-D equation of tree organ, respectively. An equation describing the relationship between mean leaf area u and density was formulated that fit the u-data well. The relationship between mean tree mass w and the ratio of each organ to mean tree mass (wo/ w) was examined. With increasing w, the stem mass ratio wS/w increased, whereas the branch mass ratio wB/w and the leaf mass ratio wL/w decreased. The yield difference between the lowest-density stand and the high-density stand became greater with stand growth. However, the yield of the mid-density stand was slightly lower than the yield of the high-density stand during the experimental period. To produce the most desirable combination of demanding individual-tree size and relative high stem yield, the mid-density is recommended as proper planting density for future management of A. auriculiformis stands.

Landslide susceptibility zonation method based on C5.0 decision tree and K-means cluster algorithms to improve the efficiency of risk management

Machine learning algorithms are an important measure with which to perform landslide susceptibility assessments, but most studies use GIS-based classification methods to conduct susceptibility zonation.This study presents a machine learning approach based on the C5.0 decision tree(DT) model and the K-means cluster algorithm to produce a regional landslide susceptibility map. Yanchang County, a typical landslide-prone area located in northwestern China, was taken as the area of interest to introduce the proposed application procedure. A landslide inventory containing 82 landslides was prepared and subsequently randomly partitioned into two subsets: training data(70% landslide pixels) and validation data(30% landslide pixels). Fourteen landslide influencing factors were considered in the input dataset and were used to calculate the landslide occurrence probability based on the C5.0 decision tree model.Susceptibility zonation was implemented according to the cut-off values calculated by the K-means cluster algorithm. The validation results of the model performance analysis showed that the AUC(area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve) of the proposed model was the highest, reaching 0.88,compared with traditional models(support vector machine(SVM) = 0.85, Bayesian network(BN) = 0.81,frequency ratio(FR) = 0.75, weight of evidence(WOE) = 0.76). The landslide frequency ratio and frequency density of the high susceptibility zones were 6.76/km^(2) and 0.88/km^(2), respectively, which were much higher than those of the low susceptibility zones. The top 20% interval of landslide occurrence probability contained 89% of the historical landslides but only accounted for 10.3% of the total area.Our results indicate that the distribution of high susceptibility zones was more focused without containing more " stable" pixels. Therefore, the obtained susceptibility map is suitable for application to landslide risk management practices.

Tree-ring δ^(15)N of Qinghai spruce in the central Qilian Mountains of China:Is pre-treatment of wood samples necessary?

A knowledge of the tree-ring stable nitrogen isotope ratio(δ^(15)N)can deepen our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics by indicating the long-term availability,cycling and sources of nitrogen(N).However,the radial mobility of N blurs the interannual variations in the long-term N records.Previous studies of the chemical extraction of tree rings before analysis had produced inconsistent results and it is still unclear whether it is necessary to pre-treat wood samples from specific tree species to remove soluble N compounds before determining theδ^(15)N values.We compared the effects of pre-treatment with organic solvents and hot ultrapure water on the N concentration andδ^(15)N of tree rings from endemic Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)growing in the interior of the central Qilian Mountains,China,during the last 60 a.We assessed the effects of different preparation protocols on the removal of the labile N compounds and investigated the need to pre-treat wood samples before determining theδ^(15)N values of tree rings.Increasing trends of the tree-ring N concentration were consistently observed in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.The total N removed by extraction with organic solvents was about 17.60%,with a significantly higher amount in the sapwood section(P<0.01).Theδ^(15)N values of tree rings decreased consistently from 1960 to 2019 in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.Extraction with organic solvents increased theδ^(15)N values markedly by about 5.2‰and reduced the variations in theδ^(15)N series.However,extraction with hot ultrapure water had little effect,with only a slight decrease in theδ^(15)N values of about 0.5‰.Our results showed that the radial pattern in the inter-ring movement of N in Qinghai spruce was not minimized by extraction with either organic solvents or hot ultrapure water.It is unnecessary to conduct hot ultrapure water extraction for the wood samples from Qinghai spruce because of its negligible effect on the removal of the labile N.Theδ^(15)N variation trend of tree rings in the unextracted wood samples was not influenced by the heartwood-sapwood transition zone.We suggest that theδ^(15)N values of the unextracted wood samples of the climate-sensitive Qinghai spruce could be used to explore the ecophysiological dynamics while focusing on the long-term variations.

六盘山西侧华北落叶松林密度对生长和林分蓄积的影响

【目的】量化林木生长、生物量和蓄积量对密度的响应关系,以期为人工林合理经营与科学管理提供理论依据。【方法】以六盘山半干旱区树龄37 a华北落叶松为研究对象,调查不同现存密度的林分结构与林木生长特征,根据经验方程计算生物量及材积,分析密度对各生长指标的影响。【结果】研究区林分树高、胸径、单株生物量及材积的平均值依次为14.1~15.5 m、15.1~22.5 cm、75.1~153.0 kg、0.150~0.292 m^(3),均随林分密度增加而减小。密度每增加100株/hm^(2),树高和胸径分别降低0.0372 m和0.4600 cm。在600~1000株/hm^(2)范围内,密度每增加100株/hm^(2),单株生物量和材积分别降低10.38 kg和0.0189 m^(3);在1000~2000株/hm^(2)范围内,密度每增加100株/hm^(2),单侏生物量和材积分别降低3.90 kg和0.0073 m^(3)。样地林分高径比、生物量、蓄积量依次为0.647~0.994、95.0~150.2 t/hm^(2)、181.2~300.9 m^(3)/hm^(2),随密度增加而升高;密度每增加100株/hm^(2),高径比、生物量、蓄积量增幅分别为0.0220、3.99 t/hm^(2)、8.37 m^(3)/hm^(2)。不同密度的林木生长指标所占比例均呈正态分布或偏正态分布。【结论】当兼顾林木高径比、单株及林分生物量和材积时,华北落叶松的合理林分密度为1100~1350株/hm^(2)。

A New Approach Based on Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Tree Algorithm for Image Compression

In this paper, the authors propose a new approach to image compression based on the principle of Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Tree algorithm （SPIHT）. Our approach, the modified SPIHT （MSPIHT）, distributes entropy differently than SPIHT and also optimizes the coding. This approach can produce results that are a significant improvement on the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio （PSNR） and compression ratio obtained by SPIHT algorithm, without affecting the computing time. These results are also comparable with those obtained using the Embedded Zerotree Wavelet （EZW） and Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 （JPG2） algorithms.

福州东西向深街谷内树致行人夏季热环境差异

夏季东西走向的街道因长时间暴露于日照形成最不舒适的行人环境,树木可提供树荫降低气温但也阻碍了局地通风,然而,植树对行人热环境的综合影响尚不清楚。针对城市高密度街区(LCZ 2类型)中东西走向的街道,开展行道树绿化差异对行人热环境综合影响的定量计算与分析。结果表明:1)树木对行人热环境的影响是非线性的,且在夏季白天不同时段呈不同规律,街道树木覆盖率与树致平均行人气温差异值之间存在如下关系:上下午非线性关系强烈,中午则接近线性关系;2)当树木覆盖率小于50%时,树致行人气温降低的梯度大,每增加10%树木覆盖率,行人高度平均气温最高约降低0.26℃;树木覆盖率超过50%以后,植树带来的热效益改善值减小,而且影响的时间窗口趋于中午附近(11:00—14:30);3)东西向街道内的各种植树方案都对行人热环境产生正面影响,当树冠相互接触形成连续树荫时,树致改善效应接近饱和,继续提高种植密度反而会产生负面影响。考虑城市用地紧张,建议东西走向的街道,采用可形成连续树荫的50%左右覆盖率的行道树绿化,以获得舒适的行人小气候。

活立木茎干水分状况实时检测传感器研究

活立木茎干水分状况是植物生命状态的有效体现,其中茎干含水率(Stem water content,StWC)和液流密度(Sap flux density,SFD)是研究植物体内水分变化规律的重要参数。准确检测活立木茎干同一空间位置的含水率和液流密度可以更有效地分析2个参数的关系、评估植物生长状况。将基于驻波率(Standing wave ratio,SWR)原理的茎干水分检测方法和基于热比率法(Heat ratio method,HRM)原理的茎干液流检测方法结合,设计了活立木茎干含水率和液流复合参数检测传感器,复合传感器的含水率检测单元和液流检测单元复用一套三针式探针,可对活立木茎干同一位置的含水率和液流实时精准检测。含水率检测单元输出电压与介电常数(6~53.3范围内,对应茎干含水率为0~85%)具有良好的线性关系(决定系数R^(2)=0.9701),静态稳定性良好(长时间测试最大波动为0.6%全量程)。以杨树为研究对象,含水率检测单元与BD-IV型植物茎体水分传感器的对比实验结果一致(决定系数R^(2)=0.9800)。液流检测单元与ST1221型热扩散式液流计对比,二者检测的杨树液流密度具有显著的线性关系(决定系数R^(2)=0.8991),热扩散式液流计不能准确判断零液流条件而低估了液流密度,ST1221型液流计检测的平均值比本系统液流检测单元低1.1 cm/h,液流检测单元使用的热比率法可以准确检测低速液流。复合传感器对杨树茎干含水率和液流的长时间监测结果与前人研究一致且符合植物生理规律。茎干含水率和液流存在极显著的负相关性(Pearson相关系数为-0.7951)。

典型中亚热带天然阔叶林各林层林木高径比分布规律

【目的】揭示典型中亚热带天然阔林各林层(包括全林和各亚层)林木高径比分布规律,为中亚热带人工阔叶林、半天然林和天然阔叶林可持续经营提供阔叶林木高径比方面的典型参照。【方法】以建瓯万木林省级自然保护区为研究区,在研究区内5个典型中亚热带天然阔叶林中分别设置50 m×50 m样地,计算典型林分各林层林木高径比平均值和标准差分析其随亚层的变化情况,运用Mann-Whitney U检验分析各亚层之间(包括第Ⅰ亚层、第Ⅱ亚层和第Ⅲ亚层间以及受光层和非受光层间)林木高径比平均值的差异显著性,利用偏度和峰度描述各林层林木高径比分布的偏离程度和离散程度,选择正态分布、Weibull分布函数对各样地各林层林木高径比分布进行拟合,并采用χ^(2)检验法检验拟合效果。【结果】综合5块样地林木高径比平均值,全林为103.1,各亚层平均值随亚层高度升高而减小,排序为第Ⅲ亚层(112.7)>第Ⅱ亚层(89.0)>第Ⅰ亚层(66.9)以及非受光层(112.7)>受光层(78.3);除4号样地第Ⅱ亚层与第Ⅲ亚层间林木高径比平均值为显著差异外,其他样地内各亚层间林木高径比平均值均为极显著差异。偏度结果表明,各林层林木高径比分布为右偏。峰度结果表明,全林、第Ⅰ亚层林木高径比分布相对较为分散;第Ⅱ亚层、第Ⅲ亚层、受光层林木高径比分布相对较为集中。运用正态分布函数拟合各林层林木高径比分布,其结果均通过卡方检验;而运用Weibull分布函数拟合较多未通过卡方检验。【结论】典型中亚热带天然阔叶林各亚层林木高径比平均值间均有极显著差异,且各亚层林木高径比平均值随亚层高度升高而减小;各林层林木高径比分布均为右偏,全林与第Ⅰ亚层林木高径比分布相对较为分散,第Ⅱ亚层与第Ⅲ亚层以及受光层林木高径比分布相对较为集中;正态分布函数对各林层林木高径比分布拟合效果较好,Weibull分布函数拟合效果不理想;典型中亚热带天然阔叶林林木高径比分布与直径分布不同,全林和第Ⅲ亚层林木高径比呈正态分布,而全林和第Ⅲ亚层直径呈反J形分布。本研究所体现的各林层林木高径比平均值和各林层林木高径比分布属于理想结构森林的林木高径比特征。