Graphical Processing Unit Based Time-Parallel Numerical Method for Ordinary Differential Equations

On-line transient stability analysis of a power grid is crucial in determining whether the power grid will traverse to a steady state stable operating point after a disturbance. The transient stability analysis involves computing the solutions of the algebraic equations modeling the grid network and the ordinary differential equations modeling the dynamics of the electrical components like synchronous generators, exciters, governors, etc., of the grid in near real-time. In this research, we investigate the use of time-parallel approach in particular the Parareal algorithm implementation on Graphical Processing Unit using Compute Unified Device Architecture to compute solutions of ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution accuracy and computation time of the Parareal algorithm executing on the GPU are demonstrated on the single machine infinite bus test system. Two types of dynamic model of the single synchronous generator namely the classical and detailed models are studied. The numerical solutions of the ordinary differential equations computed by the Parareal algorithm are compared to that computed using the modified Euler’s method demonstrating the accuracy of the Parareal algorithm executing on GPU. Simulations are performed with varying numerical integration time steps, and the suitability of Parareal algorithm in computing near real-time solutions of ordinary different equations is presented. A speedup of 25× and 31× is achieved with the Parareal algorithm for classical and detailed dynamic models of the synchronous generator respectively compared to the sequential modified Euler’s method. The weak scaling efficiency of the Parareal algorithm when required to solve a large number of ordinary differential equations at each time step due to the increase in sequential computations and associated memory transfer latency between the CPU and GPU is discussed.

ON A NEW CLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTION DERIVED BY A FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR

Making use of the fractional differential operator, we impose and study a new class of analytic functions in the unit disk （type fractional differential equation）. The main object of this paper is to investigate inclusion relations, coefficient bound for this class. Moreover, we discuss some geometric properties of the fractional differential operator.

Comparison between Glass and Stainless-Steel Vessels in Differential Scanning Calorimetry Estimation

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provides easy screening for thermal hazard evaluation. Here, we investigate the difference between using glass and stainless-steel vessels on the DSC measurement of exothermic decomposition energy (QDSC) for 41 chemical substances (containing nitro, halogen, peroxide, and sulfur groups, and hydrazine bonds). Two borosilicate glass vessels (capillary and ampule) and one stainless-steel vessel were used. All QDSC values obtained were investigated with reference to the permissible fluctuation range specified by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) international Both glass vessels produced very similar QDSC values, despite different sample scales. The QDSC values obtained with the glass vessels were generally roughly within the variation tolerance range of the stainless-steel vessel. Notable exceptions were halogen- or sulfur-containing compounds;these exhibited smaller QDSC values with glass vessels in almost all cases. We will investigate whether certain structures in compounds react with stainless steel. The vessel material choice is crucial in evaluating the true reactivity of a substance.

Classification and Analysis of Electric-Powered Lateral Torque-Vectoring Differentials with Six Elements

The principle of improving the torque amplification factor of E-TVDs with six elements is illustrated in this paper.A velocity diagram is used to study speed and torque relationships.The results reveal that the torque amplification factor is the linear combination of the ratio of the differentials of the four elements and the ratio of planetary gear units,and its maximum value is easily more than 10.The E-TVDs with six elements are classified into three types,and there are six different configurations for each type.The torque amplification factor and the speed of interconnection between two planetary gear units are employed to evaluate the different characteristics of each E-TVD with six elements.The feasible configurations of a differential with four elements are also presented by the analysis of velocity level and planarity.This paper helps to further the understanding of the complex interconnection of the planetary gear units in E-TVDs with six elements and the differences of their characteristics.

A neurovascular unit-on-a-chip:culture and differentiation of human neural stem cells in a three-dimensional microfluidic environment

Biological studies typically rely on a simple monolayer cell culture,which does not reflect the complex functional characteristics of human tissues and organs,or their real response to external stimuli.Microfluidic technology has advantages of high-throughput screening,accurate control of the fluid velocity,low cell consumption,long-term culture,and high integration.By combining the multipotential differentiation of neural stem cells with high throughput and the integrated characteristics of microfluidic technology,an in vitro model of a functionalized neurovascular unit was established using human neural stem cell-derived neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and a functional microvascular barrier.The model comprises a multi-layer vertical neural module and vascular module,both of which were connected with a syringe pump.This provides controllable conditions for cell inoculation and nutrient supply,and simultaneously simulates the process of ischemic/hypoxic injury and the process of inflammatory factors in the circulatory system passing through the blood-brain barrier and then acting on the nerve tissue in the brain.The in vitro functionalized neurovascular unit model will be conducive to central nervous system disease research,drug screening,and new drug development.

采煤机截割部低照度图像的边缘检测技术

针对井下低照度环境下采煤机截割部边缘检测任务中存在的边缘缺失、细节模糊等问题,提出一种基于分数阶微分的边缘检测Lif算法。首先采用更大的检测模板尺寸,根据Grünwald-Let-nikov分数阶定义构造最初的分数阶掩膜算子;然后根据Pascal三角形理论确定掩膜算子上各位置的权重系数,并将掩膜算子扩展到4个不同方向;最后将得到的掩膜算子与图像进行卷积,利用图像的局部特征信息对每个方向的微分结果进行后处理。结果表明:(1)在进行多个不同场景的井下低照度图像上的实验时,Lif算法可以更全面地获取图像中不同方向上的边缘信息,在处理低照度图像时具备更强的抗噪性能,并且提取的边缘线条比其余边缘检测算法更加清晰、完整,保留了更多的纹理细节信息。(2)在客观指标评价的对比上,与基于分数阶灰色系统模型的边缘检测算法以及改进的分数阶Sobel边缘检测算法相比,Lif算法在Entropy指标上分别提高了43%、11%,AG指标上分别提高了23%、23%,SSIM指标上分别提高了152%、6%。表明Lif算法在进行采煤机截割部的边缘检测任务时更具优势,研究对井下设备工作运行时的安全性和可靠性提升具有重要意义。

基于差异特性水泵机组的优选与调控

为有效降低泵站因理论抽水装置效率偏离实际情况产生的方案误差,在聚类方法的基础上,利用历史监测数据对泵站内各抽水装置的特性曲线进行校正,同时将校正结果运用到泵站优化调度模型中,构建基于差异特性水泵机组的泵站优化调度模型,以实现站内机组的智能优选与调控.研究结果表明:校正后曲线的理论抽水装置效率比校正前精度平均提高18.8%,更符合工程实际;相比于人工经验调度方案,基于校正后曲线的差异特性水泵机组优化方案能耗平均降低了9.08%,成本平均降低了3.59%,优于人工经验调度方案;对校正后的多台水泵机组性能曲线进行对比发现,因安装位置、累计运行台时及磨损程度不同,导致泵站内同型号水泵的抽水装置效率产生差异,最大偏差达14.63%,说明长时间运行时的泵站已无法直接通过均分流量完成最优分配,进一步证明了水泵机组差异特性研究的必要性.

基于改进VMD算法的水轮机组空化状态仿真实验

为提高水电站水轮机组空化状态识别准确率,提出一种基于振动信号的水轮机组空化状态识别方法。通过利用差分优化算法获取变分模态分解(VMD)最佳分解层数与惩罚因子参数组合改进VMD算法,并利用改进的VMD算法提取水电站水轮机组峰值、偏度、均方根频率等时频特征,然后将提取的时频特征输入BP神经网络中进行分类识别,实现了水电站水轮机组空化状态识别。仿真结果表明,所提方法实现了不同工况下水轮机组水轮和尾水管严重空化、空化加速、空化初生、无空化4种状态的识别,平均识别准确率达到98.88%。相较于基于SVM模型的识别方法,所提方法识别准确率提高了8.76%。

10kV配网自动化系统常用故障定位隔离技术研究

本文重点围绕配网自动化系统和组成框架进行浅要分析,同时重点对两种故障定位隔离方案——基于馈线终端(FTU)纵联差动的故障定位和基于矩阵运算的故障定位进行比较,对两种常用的故障定位方案的适用情况进行建议。

Structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of sub-healthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine

Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.

Neuronal-like cell differentiation of non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells from C57BL/6J mice were sepa- rated and cultured using the ＂pour-off＂ method. Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesen- chymal stem ceils developed colony-forming unit-fibroblasts, and could be expanded by supple- mentation with epidermal growth factor. Immunocytochemistry showed that the non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to basic fibroblast growth factor/epidermal growth factor/nerve growth factor expressed the neuron specific markers, neurofilament-200 and NeuN, in vitro. Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells from 13-galactosidase transgenic mice were also transplanted into focal ischemic brain （right corpus striatum） of C57BL/6J mice. At 8 weeks, cells positive for LacZ and 13-galactosidase staining were observed in the ischemic tissues, and cells co-labeled with both 13-galactosidase and NeuN were seen by double immunohistochemical staining. These findings suggest that the non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into neuronal-like cells in vitro and in vivo.

延长油田YZZ油区长6油藏调整治理研究

针对延长油田YZZ油区存在的平面产液结构不均衡,纵向上水驱动用程度低等问题,首先在平面上通过细分注水单元、差异化注水,均衡补充地层能量;然后在剖面上对不吸水或压高注不进的注水井实施措施增注,有效提高水驱动用程度;再对地层能量得到恢复的区域,进行油井重复压裂,提高单井产能。矿场应用结果表明:运用该方法可改善注水开发效果,降低自然递减率,达到了稳产增产的目标,为低渗透长6油藏注水开发提供宝贵经验。

我国城市人口体育行为的整合与分化

新中国成立后,随着改革开放与经济体制的不断深化,原有的“单位体制”出现了改变,这一改变在很大程度上致使我国社会结构以及群众体育的发展方式发生了重要变化,城市人口体育行为的发展方式随之发生共振。鉴于此,本文采用文献资料与逻辑分析相结合的方法,对单位体制改变以来我国城市人口体育行为的发展变化进行梳理。研究认为,计划经济时期,城市人口的体育行为被国家整合在以“单位体制”为组织力量的行政框架之中进行集中满足与统一管理。体制变革之后,“单位体育”有所松动,单位外新生社会组织的出现致使城市人口以及体育行为出现了结构性分流。同时,伴随着我国体育资源体制外供给机制的不断建立与快速发展,致使城市人口越来越倾向于社会或市场来获取体育资源,并自主的参与体育活动,其体育行为由此走向分化。

F_(2)^(n)中点集的线性不等式刻画

在分组密码的差分攻击中,为了利用计算机搜索最佳差分路径,人们将问题转换为其S-盒的差分分布表的最佳线性不等式逼近问题。确切地说,给定向量空间F_(2)^(n)的一个非空点集A,寻找数目尽可能少的一次多项式的集合,使得满足所有多项式的值均大于或等于0的点集恰好为给定的点集A。在文献中能看到的做法通常是利用计算机软件(例如SAGE数学软件)算出很多的多项式,再用线性规划的方法从中挑选出最小个数的多项式。研究一次多项式的产生方法,称F_(2)^(n)中的点集S是相容的,是指存在某个整系数一次多项式f(X),使得S={P∈F_(2)^(n)|f(P)<0}。主要有以下3个方面的结果:一是给定向量空间的维数n,对任意的1≤k≤2n,一定存在k元相容点集S;二是利用多项式加法的技巧,构造出一批k元相容点集;三是对于小参数k=1,2,3,4,给出k元点集S是相容的充分必要条件,同时也给出相应的k元相容点集的计数公式。

蒙开个地区河库连通工程泵站机组组合研究

蒙开个地区河库连通工程是滇南中心城市水资源优化配置、统一调度的重点工程,包含南洞一级泵站、南洞二级泵站和长桥海泵站,研究泵站机组优化组合有助于降低工程的运行成本。以泵站耗能最小为目标,构建了三座泵站的水泵机组优化组合模型,运用遗传算法(GA)、差分进化算法(DE/rand、DE/best)对模型进行求解,研究结果表明:DE/rand算法求解效果较好,搜索空间更大,稳定性强,适用于蒙开个地区河库连通工程泵站机组优化组合模型求解。最优运行过程会维持最少开机台数,当总流量位于开机临界点时,总功率会存在跳变。优化后的机组组合方式提高了泵站运行效率,降低了运行成本,可为蒙开个地区河库连通工程泵站经济运行提供参考。

基于抽水装置特性曲线校正的泵站优化模型

受运行时长、安装位置等多种因素影响,水泵装置理论特性曲线难以准确描述实际抽水装置的运行特性,导致通过以其为基础所构建的泵站优化模型计算得到的运行方案偏离实际。基于水泵理论曲线提出数据和机理双重驱动的参数辨识方法校正水泵装置特性曲线,通过对实测数据进行多项式拟合校正装置效率曲线,以实测数据诱导转速理论曲线整体平移可实现装置转速曲线的校正。以南水北调东线工程的泗洪泵站为例,构建考虑机组差异特性的泵站优化模型。结果表明:经过校正,效率曲线与实测数据的符合程度从校正前的0.60提升至0.99,转速曲线与实际的平均绝对误差比校正前降低了0.23 r/min;基于装置特性曲线校正的差异特性站内优化分配方案更加贴近实际运行情况,相比历史运行方案平均降低10.1%的能耗,可实现泵站高效运行与调度目标的精细控制。利用实际运行数据对泵组装置特性曲线进行校正可有效加强泵站优化分配方案对实际调度的指导作用。

基于EEG和DE-CNN-GRU的情绪识别

近年,情绪识别研究已经不再局限于面部和语音识别,基于脑电等生理信号的情绪识别日趋火热.但由于特征信息提取不完整或者分类模型不适应等问题,使得情绪识别分类效果不佳.基于此,本文提出一种微分熵(DE)、卷积神经网络(CNN)和门控循环单元(GRU)结合的混合模型(DE-CNN-GRU)进行基于脑电的情绪识别研究.将预处理后的脑电信号分成5个频带,分别提取它们的DE特征作为初步特征,输入到CNN-GRU模型中进行深度特征提取,并结合Softmax进行分类.在SEED数据集上进行验证,该混合模型得到的平均准确率比单独使用CNN或GRU算法的平均准确率分别高出5.57%与13.82%.

吉林蛟河针阔混交林生物与非生物因素对生产力的影响

【目的】探究生物与非生物因素对林分生产力的影响和维持作用,为东北针阔混交林可持续经营提供科学依据和理论指导。【方法】以吉林蛟河针阔混交林固定样地为研究对象,利用多元回归分析,量化解释变量(生物因素包括单位面积胸高断面积、林木分化程度、生物多样性,非生物因素即地形因子)对响应变量(保留木生产力、进阶木生产力、死亡量)的影响,采用变差分解法分析3种生物量变化对生物量净变化量的相对重要性。【结果】对保留木生产力,所有解释变量可解释其总方差的12.07%,单位面积胸高断面积有显著正效应,坡度有显著负效应。对进阶木生产力,所有解释变量可解释其总方差的22.62%,胸径变异系数和系统发育多样性指数有显著正效应,单位面积胸高断面积、海拔和坡度有显著负效应。对死亡量,所有解释变量可解释其总方差的3.51%,单位面积胸高断面积有显著正效应。进阶木生产力、保留木生产力和死亡量对生物量净变化量方差的单独解释量分别占0.01%、20.87%和74.54%,其中,死亡量相对贡献最大,但可预测性较低。【结论】单位面积胸高断面积对不同生物量动态过程的作用不同,其中较高的单位面积胸高断面积促进保留木生长,加速林木死亡,对进阶木生长有明显抑制作用。林木分化程度及系统发育多样性促进进阶木生长。在地形因子中,保留木生长受坡度限制,进阶木生长同时受海拔和坡度限制。生物量净变化量主要受死亡量和保留木生产力影响。

Current overview of induced pluripotent stem cell-based blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip

BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)show great ability to differentiate into any tissue,making them attractive candidates for pathophysiological investigations.The rise of organ-on-a-chip technology in the past century has introduced a novel way to make in vitro cell cultures that more closely resemble their in vivo environments,both structural and functionally.The literature still lacks consensus on the best conditions to mimic the blood-brain barrier(BBB)for drug screening and other personalized therapies.The development of models based on BBB-on-achip using iPSCs is promising and is a potential alternative to the use of animals in research.AIM To analyze the literature for BBB models on-a-chip involving iPSCs,describe the microdevices,the BBB in vitro construction,and applications.METHODS We searched for original articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus that used iPSCs to mimic the BBB and its microenvironment in microfluidic devices.Thirty articles were identified,wherein only 14 articles were finally selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data compiled from the selected articles were organized into four topics:(1)Microfluidic devices design and fabrication;(2)characteristics of the iPSCs used in the BBB model and their differentiation conditions;(3)BBB-on-a-chip reconstruction process;and(4)applications of BBB microfluidic three-dimensional models using iPSCs.RESULTS This study showed that BBB models with iPSCs in microdevices are quite novel in scientific research.Important technological advances in this area regarding the use of commercial BBB-on-a-chip were identified in the most recent articles by different research groups.Conventional polydimethylsiloxane was the most used material to fabricate in-house chips(57%),whereas few studies(14.3%)adopted polymethylmethacrylate.Half the models were constructed using a porous membrane made of diverse materials to separate the channels.iPSC sources were divergent among the studies,but the main line used was IMR90-C4 from human fetal lung fibroblast(41.2%).The cells were differentiated through diverse and complex processes either to endothelial or neural cells,wherein only one study promoted differentiation inside the chip.The construction process of the BBB-on-a-chip involved previous coating mostly with fibronectin/collagen Ⅳ(39.3%),followed by cell seeding in single cultures(36%)or co-cultures(64%)under controlled conditions,aimed at developing an in vitro BBB that mimics the human BBB for future applications.CONCLUSION This review evidenced technological advances in the construction of BBB models using iPSCs.Nonetheless,a definitive BBB-on-a-chip has not yet been achieved,hindering the applicability of the models.