Impact of Fluorescent Light Energy on the Quality of Life of Dogs with Dermatologic Disease and Their Owners

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is a term used to evaluate general well-being, and it is defined as ‘the degree to which an individual enjoys his or her life. Within the realm of medicine, the evaluation of QoL frequently involves examining how disease exerts a detrimental impact, diminishing the enjoyment and fulfilment experienced by the individual. Dermatological diseases have been found to exert a substantial negative influence on the QoL of dogs and their owners due to nuisance and stress related to the disease but also due to the caregiver burden. In the management of bacterial skin infections, topical therapy is commonly administered alongside systemic antibiotics. Nonetheless, the protracted duration of treatment and difficulties in ensuring owner compliance can introduce a significant caregiver burden, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with these conditions. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact on the quality of life (QoL) of dogs with dermatologic diseases after fluorescent light energy (FLE) treatment. Methods: The study was an open, prospective, multicentric clinical trial that included dogs with various dermatological conditions. The dogs received FLE treatment once weekly until the clinical resolution was achieved. Owners completed a validated questionnaire to assess the QoL of their dogs before and after therapy. Results: Thirty-five dogs with deep pyoderma, interdigital furunculosis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, wounds and perianal fistulas were included. All dogs received two sessions of fluorescent light energy once a week. Median treatment duration was 9 weeks for perianal fistula, 7 weeks for interdigital furunculosis, 5 weeks for deep pyoderma, 3 weeks for wounds and 1.5 weeks for pyotraumatic dermatitis. Complete remission was noted in 86% of dogs, and 14% showed an improvement but partial remission. The majority of owners reported a positive impact on their dogs’ QoL after therapy, and 74% of the dogs showed at least a 50% reduction in QoL scores. Conclusion: Fluorescent light energy has been shown to exert beneficial effects on the healing of dermatological diseases and the quality of life (QoL) in dogs and their owners, whether used as a standalone treatment or in combination with standard care therapies. Additionally, it was well-tolerated by the dogs. This study emphasizes the significance of considering both the owner’s and dog’s QoL when evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of dermatological treatments.

Comparative Study of Photosynthetic and Fluorescence Characters of the Grape under High Temperature and High Light in Turpan

[Objective] The aim was to explore the photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grapes under high temperature and strong light conditions. [Method] Using six grape varieties as experimental materials, the photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters of the grape varieties under high temperature and high light were determined. [Result] The results showed that Thompson Seedless showed strong selfprotection ability on the photosynthetic mechanism in the adversity, and lower photo inhibition on photosynthesis under high temperature and high light than other varieties in which Crimson Seedless was second place. Otherwise the damage on photosynthetic mechanism of Kyoho and Red Globe under the adversity environment is more dipper than the other varieties, and poor self-protection ability. [Conclusion]Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless had a strong adaptability for high temperature and strong light. But the adaptability of Kyoho and Red Globe were relatively poor.

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Fluecured Tobacco Leaf in Subdued Light

[Objective] This study aimed to test whether salicylic acid （SA） can im-prove the physiological functions of flue-cured tobacco under subdued light condition, and to determine the mechanism of its action. [Method] The tobacco plants under subdued light were foliar-sprayed with 100 mg/L of SA. Then, the physiological in-dices such as plant fresh weight and dry weight, chlorophyl content, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyl fluorescence parameters were measured. SPSS17.0 and Excellwere adopted for variance analysis and significance test. [Result] The leaf photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） of tobacco plants in subdued light were al decreased while the intercellular CO2 con-centration （Ci） was increased, suggesting that non-stomatal limitation led to the de-crease of Pn under weak light intensity stress. SA released the inhibition of tobacco plant growth in weak light, as it elevated the leaf photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ, potential activity of PSⅡ, effective photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ and photochemical quenching coefficient in weak light significant-ly, and reduced the non-photochemical quenching coefficient. [Conclusion] SA has significant effects on the photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in weak light, and it can improve the synthesis or distribution of photosynthesis product, and the efficiency of light energy, conducive to plant growth and development.

Effect of Low Light on the Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence During Leaf Development of Sweet Pepper

Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY （low light-tolerant genotype） and 20078 （low light-sensitive genotype）, were used to study the effects of low light （photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 umol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 umol m-2 s-1） on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （PN）, photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency （Фi） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point （LCP） decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance （ФPS II） was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation （D） was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy （Ex）. Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher PN, ФPS II and lower QA reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.

Effect of Light Quality on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Strawberry Leaves

The photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka)leaves under illumination of identical light intensity(55-57% natural light) withdifferent light quality were studied. It was showed that the chlorophyll content,maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), Fm/Fo, amount of inactive PSⅡreactioncenters (Fi-Fo) and rate of QA reduction were positively correlated with the red-light/blue-light ratios, but the chlorophyll (a/b) ratios were negatively correlated withthem. Carotenoid content of the leaves was maximum under the blue film, than under greenfilm, red film, white film and yellow film, and negatively correlated with the red/far-red ratios. The apparent quantum yield (AQY), photorespiratory rate (Pr) and carboxylationefficiency (CE) were also strongly affected by light quality. The photosynthetic rate(Pn) in strawberry leaves under green film was significantly lower than under all otherfilm. Our results suggested that light quality is an essential factor regulating thedevelopment of PSⅡ, and phytochrome and an independent blue light photoreceptor,possibly a cryptochrome, can regulate photosynthetic performance.

Fluorescence properties and application of doping complexes Eu_(l-x)L_x(TTA)_3Phen as light conversion agents

Light conversion agents Eul-xLx（TTA）3Phen (L denotes (La3+, Gd3+, Y3+)) complexes were prepared, and the influence of doping ions on fluorescence properties was investigated by elementary analysis, FTIR and fluorescent spectra. The results show that FTIR spectra of Eul-xLx（TTA）3Phen complex system are identical with that of EuTTA3Phen, which indicates that the complexes (Eul-xLx（TTA）3Phen) are similar in structure to （Eu （TTA）3Phen.） For the above doping elements, co-fluorescence enhancement has the following order: Gd3+>Y3+>La3+, and the optimum mole fractions of doping elements are 0.4, 0.2 and 0.5 respectively for Gd3+, Y3+, La3+. Among all the complexes, Eu0.6Gd0.4（TTA）3Phen complex has the strongest fluorescent intensity. Applying Eu0.6Gd0.4（TTA）3Phen complex to plastic and printing inks, bright red fluorescence plastic and printing inks are obtained when the content of europium reaches 0.1%（mass fraction）.

Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

3D fluorescence emission difference microscopy based on spatial light modulator

We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2
vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the corresponding solid,doughnut and z-axis hollow excitation spot,respectively.Our technique achieves super-resolved image by subtracting three di®erently acquired images with proper subtractive factors.Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests are proceeded to testify the performance of 3D-FED.Also,the improvement of lateral and axial resolution is demonstrated by imaging 100 nm°uorescent beads.The experiment yields lateral resolution of 140 nm and axial resolution of approximate 380 nm.

MINIMIZING EXCITATION LIGHT LEAKAGE AND MAXIMIZING MEASUREMENT SENSITIVITY FOR MOLECULAR IMAGING WITH NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE

Near-infraredfluorescence(NIRF)imaging involves the separation of weakfluorescence signals from backscattered excitation light.The measurement sensitivity of current NIRF imaging systems is limited by the excitation light leakage through rejectionfilters.In this contribution,the authors demonstrate that the excitation light leakage can be suppressed upon using appropriatefilter combination and permutations.The excitation light leakage and measurement sensitivity were assessed and compared in this study by computing the transmission ratios of excitation to emission light collected and the signal-to-noise ratios in well-controlled phantom studies with differentfilter combinations and permutations.Using appropriatefilter combinations and permutations,we observe as much as two orders of magnitude reduction in the transmission ratio and higher signal-to-noise ratio.

Study to mechanism of fluorescence enhancement of Dy3＋-Gd3＋- SSA-CTMAB system by resonance scattering-light spectroscopy

The fluorescence enhancement mechanism of Dy3＋-Gd3＋- SSA-CTMAB system was studied by the resonance light scattering and fluorescence spectrum. In this paper, the influencing factors including the concentration of Gd3＋, ligands, pH value as well as surfactants were studied. As a result, the optimal experimental conditions were obtained. The existence of molecule congeries was proved by scattering-light spectrum.

The study of fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of a marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H in light and dark cyclesI. The effects of nutrients

The effects of nutrients on the fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H in light and dark cycles were investigated with continuous culture. The results show that with the increase of nutrient deficiency, the ratio of enhanced fluorescence to fluorescence (Fd/F), cellular chloropyll-a and protein content of the algae decline, but the fluorescence yield (F/Chl) , DCMU enhanced fluorescence yield (Fd/Chl) , cellular carbohydrate content, carbohydrate/Chl, protein/Chl, carbohydrate/protein increase. The changing amplitude of each parameter is different at different nutrition status, sampling time and different light intensity.

Advantage of Introducing Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence in School Dental Checkups

Background: Caries detection in school oral examinations insufficient accuracy. Objective: To evaluate advantages of introducing quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) in school oral examinations. Methods: Experiment No. 1. Early demineralized lesions in the upper and lower incisors and canines were visually inspected by three dentists and by QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with early demineralized lesions were compared between the methods. Experiment No. 2. Approximal demineralized lesions in molars were assessed by visual inspection, x-ray imaging, and QLF-D. The numbers of tooth planes with demineralized lesions were compared among the methods. Experiment No. 3. Plaque distribution was evaluated by QLF-D and a traditional staining method. The ratio of the diameter of plaque to tooth crown in the tooth axis direction in each method was calculated. The results were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Experiment No. 1. The three dentists found 0.67 tooth planes on average. QLF-D found 22 tooth planes with early demineralized lesions in the same samples. Experiment No. 2. Fourteen approximal tooth planes of molars were found to have demineralized lesions by x-ray imaging. QLF-D detected 71.4% of the tooth planes out of the 14, whereas visual inspection found 7.1%. Experiment No. 3. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the evaluations of plaque distribution between the QLF-D and traditional staining methods was 0.77 (P Conclusion: The results support introduction of QLF-D for use in school dental examinations.

Evaluating Acid Resistance Effect of Fluoride-Releasing Dental Materials Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital in Vitro

As erosion has become one of the serious oral health problems, some fluoride-releasing dental materials have been developed to protect enamel from demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidemineralization effect of PRG Barrier Coat® and FujiVII® (fluoride-releasing dental materials). Four square windows measuring 1 mm2 were prepared on the labial enamel surface of each bovine tooth using masking tape and nail varnish. The first and second windows were half covered by fluoride-releasing material and control material, respectively, whereas the third and fourth windows were left untreated. All windows were immersed into 0.1 M lactic acid and 6wt% CM-cellulose (pH 4.5) at 38℃ for 21 days. Subsequently, the first and second windows were covered with nail varnish after removal of the materials, and the third and fourth windows were immersed into ultrapure water at 38℃ for 28 days after being half covered with fluoride-releasing and control materials, respectively. The following procedure was performed separately during evaluations of the fluoride-releasing materials, PRG Barrier Coat, and FujiVII®, using eight and six bovine teeth, respectively. The first, second, third, and fourth windows were classified into DM-PRG;Demineralized-PRG or DM-FujiVII;Demineralized-FujiVII, DM-TCM;Demineralized-traditional cement or DM-TGIC;De-mineralized-traditional glass ionomer cement, RM-PRG;Remineralized-PRG or RM-FujiVII;Re-mineralized-FujiVII, and RM-TCM;Remineralized- traditional cement or RM-TGIC;Remineral-ized-traditional glass ionomer cement, respectively. After nail varnish was removed, △Q values (mean ± SD) of the windows were measured using QLF-D and were compared between DM-PRG and DM-TCM, RM-PRG and RM-TCM, DM-FujiVII and DM-TGIC, and RM-FujiVII and RM-TGIC groups. △Q values of RM-PRG (-60 ± 44) and RM-FujiVII (-5.0 ± 10) were significantly higher than that of RM-TCM (-315 ± 193) and RM-TGIC (-56 ± 43), respectively. The fluoride releasing materials provided remineralization effects to bovine enamel.

一种Y型延迟荧光分子及其蓝光和绿光OLED应用

以噻吨酮作为受体、3,6-(二咔唑基)三咔唑作为给体设计合成了一种具有延迟荧光特性的Y型分子(TX-TCz)。模拟计算表明化合物HOMO和LUMO能级完全分离且在苯环上存在较小的重叠,有助于获得小的S1和T1的能级差ΔEST。随着溶剂极性的增加,化合物发射峰发生明显的红移且由于电荷转移态和局域激发态的共存产生了双峰发射。在纯膜中TX-TCz的发射峰位于513 nm,量子产率为11.5%。基于低温下荧光和磷光发射峰,计算得到化合物的ΔEST为0.03 eV,并且检测到µs级的寿命,说明化合物具有延迟荧光发射。与此同时,化合物展示了良好的热稳定性能和电化学性能,有助于制备高性能OLED器件。其在掺杂浓度为5%(wt)的器件中展示了良好的蓝光性能,发射峰位于463 nm,最大外量子效率为1.53%;在非掺杂器件中展示了良好的绿光发射(522 nm),最大外量子效率达到1.81%。

葡萄叶绿素荧光参数测量方法的优化与日变化特征分析

【目的】确定葡萄叶绿素荧光参数测量最适的暗适应时间、测量光强度,分析葡萄叶绿素荧光参数日变化特征并确定最适测量时间,提出优化测量方法的建议,为进一步研究葡萄光合特性提供理论依据,以提高研究数据的准确性和可靠性。【方法】选择阳光玫瑰葡萄和巨峰葡萄叶龄为40~50 d的健康成熟叶片,利用JIP测定(JIP-test)和主成分分析(PCA)研究葡萄叶片在不同暗适应时间(5、10、15、20、25、30、35和40 min)、不同测量光强度[500、1000、1500、2000、2500、3000和3500μmol/(m^(2)·s)]和一天中不同时间点(8:00、10:00、12:00、14:00、16:00、18:00和20:00)的快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学(OJIP)曲线特征,分析不同测量条件对葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】暗适应时间和测量光强度均明显影响葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光参数,较长的暗适应时间和较高的测量光强度能获得更稳定和可靠的测量结果。OJIP曲线特征显示,在较短的暗适应时间(5~15 min)内,各暗适应时间与暗适应5 min间的特征区间(OJ相、JI相和IP相)相对可变荧光差值(ΔWOJ、ΔWJI和ΔWIP)曲线变化幅度较大,初始荧光(F_(o))、最大荧光(F_(m))和最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))等参数波动较大,当暗适应时间达30 min以上时,各参数再无显著变化(P>0.05,下同),趋于稳定。随着测量光强度的增加,F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(m)、OJIP曲线的初始斜率(M_o)和单位面积反应中心数量(RC/CSm)等参数呈上升趋势,各测量光强度与500μmol/(m^(2)·s)测量光强度间的ΔWOJ、ΔWJI和ΔWIP曲线呈正K峰、负H峰和正G峰,当光强度达3000μmol/(m^(2)·s)以上时,各参数均无显著变化。葡萄叶片的多数叶绿素荧光参数随着一天中时间点的推移而变化,光系统II(PSII)光化学效率在12:00之前较高,14:00时光化学效率下降,16:00之后PSII逐渐恢复至最佳状态。【结论】针对葡萄叶片进行OJIP曲线测定时,暗适应时间应为30 min以上,最小测量光强度为3000μmol/(m^(2)·s),测量时间宜选择在12:00之前和16:00之后,以确保结果的准确性和可靠性。

光强对不同品种五味子叶片荧光特性的影响

以五味子品种(品系)‘白果’‘金五味1号’和‘妍脂红’为试材,采用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线JIP-Test分析方法,研究了500μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)和300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)光强条件对五味子一年生苗的叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的影响,以期筛选出适宜在弱光条件下栽培的五味子品种,为五味子引种试栽提供参考依据。结果表明:‘白果’是较耐弱光品种,500μmol·m-2·s-1会使其发生光抑制,300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)光照下能够增强其光能吸收、提高光化学效率、传递效率和量子产量,提高了光能的吸收、转换和传递。

基于LIF对水包油型轻质油乳化液的分类识别

海面溢油是海洋污染的重要形式之一,溢油在风化迁移过程中,形成如水包油,油包水,水包油包水等乳化液,其中水包油类型的乳化液受水分子的影响较大,荧光特性不突出,导致轻质油乳化液分类的困难,因此如何进行高效识别,对污染治理有重要意义。选取常见的几种轻质油分别与海水、乳化剂按照不同配比混合配置水包油类型的轻质油乳化液。采用实验室搭建的便捷激光诱导荧光(LIF)系统探测轻质油乳化液的荧光光谱。构建麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的分类模型(以下简称SSA-SVM),实现乳化阶段溢油的分类识别。采用主成分分析法(PCA)对荧光光谱进行降维,选取累计贡献率为99%的前三个主成分作为输入,轻质油的种类作为输出;采用SSA迭代得到SVM的最优参数,并构建SSA-SVM分类模型;最后将测试集样本代入到模型中进行分类识别,识别准确率为100%。该研究同时构建了粒子群算法(PSO)优化支持向量机模型(简称PSO-SVM)和遗传算法(GA)优化支持向量机模型(简称GA-SVM)作为对照,实验结果表明,SSA-SVM相比PSO-SVM和GA-SVM,测试集的轻质油乳化液分类识别准确率同比提升1.77%和3.04%;并且适应度曲线在第2代就达到最高,优于PSO的第4代和GA的第36代,收敛速度更快。采用激光诱导荧光技术实现了水包油类型的轻质油乳化液的分类识别,推进了海面溢油区域分类探测机理的发展;提出的SSA-SVM模型,为轻质油乳化液的分类识别研究提供了新思路。

不同光质对藏川杨生长及光合特性的影响

【目的】研究不同光质对藏川杨幼苗生长和光合特性的影响,进一步探究藏川杨对高原地区强光环境的响应,为高光效杨树的筛选提供理论依据。【方法】以当年生藏川杨扦插苗为试材,设置白、蓝、绿3种颜色薄膜,以白膜为对照,测定分析生长及生理指标、叶绿素荧光和光合参数。【结果】蓝膜和绿膜均显著提高藏川杨幼苗株高,分别提高28.1%和38.5%,而蓝膜显著减小幼苗叶宽,降低33.3%;蓝膜显著增加幼苗叶片光合色素(31.74%)、可溶性总糖(55.57%)和蔗糖含量(78.58%),而绿膜则显著减少幼苗叶片可溶性总糖和淀粉积累;蓝膜可提高光下PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(Φ_(PSⅡ)),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),而绿膜显著降低电子传递速率(ETR)和Φ_(PSⅡ),提高NPQ;3种颜色薄膜处理下藏川杨叶片净光合速率(P_(n))的日变化曲线均呈“双峰型”,整体P_(n)数值大小顺序为蓝膜>白膜>绿膜,不同颜色薄膜处理下藏川杨叶片均在12:00时出现光合午休现象。气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))总体变化趋势与P_(n)类似,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))则呈“W型”曲线;蓝膜显著提高了藏川杨叶片最大净光合速率(P_(n max))、光补偿点(LCP)、CO_(2)饱和点(CCP),绿膜降低其最大净光合速率(P_(n max))、暗呼吸速率(R_(d))和光补偿点(LCP),显著提高光呼吸速率(R_(p))、CO_(2)补偿点(CCP)。【结论】生长环境中的光质能够影响藏川杨的光合效率及生长发育。通过覆盖蓝色薄膜改善光质能增强藏川杨幼苗叶片光合色素含量、提高弱光和CO_(2)利用率、提高光合效率、增强光合产物积累、促进植株生长。

镉胁迫对黄秋英生理及富集特性的影响

为给土壤镉(Cd)污染地区提供具有景观修复性的植物修复材料,本试验采用盆栽方法,研究不同质量浓度镉(0、0.3、3、30、60、120、180 mg/kg)对黄秋英(Cosmos sulphureus)植株生理及富集特性的影响。结果表明:胁迫15 d时,随着镉浓度增加,黄秋英叶片可溶性蛋白、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和SOD活性均呈先升后降趋势,MDA含量逐渐下降,POD活性先降后升;ETR、qP、Tr在镉浓度0.3 mg/kg时达到最高,Pn与Gs在镉浓度3 mg/kg时达到最高,NPQ在镉浓度30 mg/kg时降到最低,Fv/Fm在镉浓度60 mg/kg时达到最高,Fo在镉浓度180 mg/kg时降到最低。胁迫30 d时,其可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性先升后降,MDA含量先升后降再升高,POD活性先降后升再下降,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量先降后升;镉浓度0.3 mg/kg时Fv/Fm达到最高,镉浓度3 mg/kg时NPQ达到最高,而Tr、Pn、Gs降到最低,镉浓度30 mg/kg时qP达到最高、Fv/Fm降到最低,镉浓度60 mg/kg时Pn、Gs达到最高,而Fo、NPQ降到最低,镉浓度120 mg/kg时Ci降到最低,镉浓度180 mg/kg时Tr、ETR达到最高。镉浓度<180 mg/kg时,黄秋英各器官镉含量表现为茎>根>叶;镉浓度≥180 mg/kg时为根>茎>叶。镉浓度≥120 mg/kg时黄秋英根、茎及地上部镉含量均超过镉超富集植物的临界值。综上看出,黄秋英在高浓度镉胁迫下具有较高的耐受力,同时具备较强的镉富集能力,可作为具有景观修复性的植物修复材料。

不同钾素供应和光强对油菜叶片光合能力的影响

为明确钾素供应和光强对油菜叶片生长和光合特性的影响,本研究采用钾素供应和光强两因素的试验设计,其中钾素供应设计3个水平,分别为严重缺钾(0.03 mmol·L^(-1)KCl)、轻度缺钾(0.09 mmol·L^(-1)KCl)和充足钾供应(2.00 mmol·L^(-1)KCl),光强设置2个水平,分别为低光强(LL,~200μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))和高光强(HL,~400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),在水培条件下研究了不同钾素供应和光强处理油菜叶片的生长、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光特征以及叶肉细胞超微结构特征,以期为多变环境条件下钾肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,钾素供应和光强显著影响油菜叶片的生长。相同的钾素供应下,高光强处理油菜叶片厚度和比叶重较低光强分别增加了19.6%~24.3%和57.1%~73.6%,而在严重缺钾胁迫时,净光合速率较低光强条件降低了63.8%。严重缺钾胁迫叶片在高光强条件下受到光抑制,实际光化学效率、最大羧化速率和最大电子传递速率等光合关键参数明显降低,叶绿体发育不良,同时缺钾导致叶肉细胞间空隙比例减小,叶肉导度降低,进而使得叶片光合能力显著下降。综上所述,钾素供应和光强共同调节叶片形态结构,影响光合能力,高光强下钾素供应不足会严重影响油菜的生长,合理施用钾肥有利于提高油菜对光强变化的适应性,保持光合能力的稳定。