Extraction of Lithium from Brine Containing High Concentration of Magnesium by Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate Dissolved in Kerosene

Tri-n-butyl phosphate（TBP）dissolved in kerosene was chosen as extractant for lithium from a modelbrine having high magnesium-to-lithium ratio and ferric chloride was added to the system.The influences of con-tact time,concentration of the extractant,concentrations of some salts(Mg2+, Na+,K+)in the solution,acid-ity of hydrochloric acid and extraction temperature on the exttaction of lithium with TBP-kerosene system werestudied.The suitable extraction conditions were found to be:contact time not any less than 20min;at 20-25C;[Fe+3]/[Li+]about 1.5-2.0;TBP concentration 50%-70%;[MgCl2]exceeding 3 mol·L-1;pH about 2;while most sodium and potassium salts in the aqueous phase should be removed before the extraction.

EXTRACTION OF Zn AND Cd FROM CHLORIDE LIQUORS BY TRI-n-BUTYL PHOSPHATE

Studies have been made on the extraction of Zn and Cd by TBP(tri-n-butyl phosphate) from diluent hydrochloric acid solutions of soldium chloride.The experiments show that the species extracted from diluent HCI solutions of NaCl appear to be predominantly ZnCl_2· 2TBP and CdCl_2·2TBP.For Cd,at lower acidities,anionic complexes of the type H_2CdCl_3 are also extracted.As the acidity is increased,H_2CdCl_4 appear to be predominant complexes in organic phase.For Zn,the acidocomplexes of the type HZnCl_3 appear in organ- ic phase after the acidity of solutions reaching a certain value([HCl]>0.1 mol/L). Furthermore,the ultraviolet absorption spectra of both aqueous and organic phases have been studied,and the infrared spectra of the organic phases have been exomined.The extraction mechanism and temperature effect are also discussed.

Adsorption mechanism of mixed salicylhydroxamic acid and tributyl phosphate collectors in fine cassiterite electro-flotation system

Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation mechanism of the fine cassiterite was investigated by adsorbance determination,electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR) spectrum checking.Results of the flotation experiments show that with SHA as a collector,the collecting performance is remarkably impacted by the pulp pH value as the floatability of cassiterite varies sharply when the pH changes,and flotation with SHA gives distinct maximum at about pH 6.5.Additionally,the floatability of cassiterite is determined by using SHA and TBP as collectors.The range of pulp pH for good floatability is broadened in the presence of TBP as auxiliary collector,and the utilization of TBP improves the recovery of cassiterite modestly.Moreover,the optimum pH value for cassiterite flotation is associated with adsorbance.The results of FT-IR spectrum and the electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that the adsorption interaction between the collectors and the cassiterite is dominantly a kind of chemical bonding in the form of one or two cycle chelate rings due to the coordination of carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group to the metal tin atoms,where the oxygen atoms contained in carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group of the polar groups have the stereo conditions to form five-membered rings.In addition,the adsorption interactions of SHA and TBP on the surfaces of cassiterite are also dominated by means of hydrogen bonds.

Solvent extraction mechanism and precipitation stripping of bismuth(Ⅲ) in hydrochloric acid medium by tributyl phosphate

Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) and TBP was proposed for extraction.The results show the species extracted into the organic phase were found to be mainly BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3).Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction reaction were obtained from the thermodynamics analysis,which illustrates that higher temperatures show a negative effect on the extraction.Extraction isotherm was obtained with 2.16 mol/L TBP for a typical solution containing 0.1 mol/L of bismuth and 1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.About 98.5 % of bismuth has been extracted from the leaching solution under the optimum condition.Moreover,oxalate was explored as a precipitation stripping agent for BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3) complexes,by which Bi(Ⅲ) was stripped in the form of Bi_2(C_2O_4)_3·7H_2O.A stripping efficiency of 99.3% was obtained in only one stage at the phase ratio of 1 and TBP also could be recycled.Therefore,the method is an efficient,effective and highly selective approach to extract Bi(Ⅲ) and to recover metal bismuth.

Determination of Di-n-Butyl Phosphate in Organic Streams of FBTR Mixed Carbide Fuel Reprocessing Solution by Gas Chromatographic Technique

The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- tack during the separation of uranium and plutonium from fission products of FBTR mixed carbide fuel reprocessing solution. DBP is the major degradation product of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Amount of DBP formed in the lean organic streams of different fuel burn-up FBTR carbide fuel reprocessing solutions were analyzed by Gas Chromatographic technique. The method is based on the preparation of diazo methane and conversion of non-volatile Di-n-butyl phosphate in to volatile and stable derivatives by the action of diazomethane and then determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). A calibration graph was made for DBP over a concentration in the range from 200 to 1800 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.99587 and RSD 1.2%. The degraded 30% TBP-NPH solvent loaded with heavy metal ions like uranium was analyzed after repeated use and results are compared with standard ion chromatographic technique. A column comparison study to select of proper gas chromatographic column for the separation of DBP from other components in a single aliquot of injection is also examined.

TRPO-TBP/煤油体系对高放废液中镅、铀、钚和锝等的萃取和反萃

比较研究了混合三烷基氧膦 ( TRPO) -磷酸三丁酯 ( TBP) /煤油混合体系和 TRPO/煤油体系对铀和硝酸的萃取容量 ,结果表明 ,混合体系的萃取容量比 TRPO/煤油体系高。测定了 2 0 % TRPO- 2 0 %TBP/煤油混合体系对二十余种离子的萃取分配比 ,结果表明在较宽的 HNO3浓度范围 ( 0 .5～ 5mol/L)内 ,该混合体系对低浓度 UO2 2 +、低浓度 U4 +、Pu4 +、Pu3+、Np O2 2 +、Np4 +都有较高的萃取能力 ;低酸条件( <1.0 mol/L)下 ,混合体系对 Tc O4 -、Am3+、Eu3+、Y3+有较高的分配比 ;混合体系对 Np O2 +、Sr2 +、Cs+等的萃取能力较弱。TRPO- TBP/煤油有机相中萃取的镅、铀、钚和锝可以分别用高浓度硝酸、碳酸铵溶液、羟基乙酸和高浓度硝酸 (或碳酸盐 )反萃下来。

黄饼中PO_4^(3-)对TBP萃取纯化的危害性

论述黄饼中PO43-对TBP萃取纯化工艺的危害性及消除方法;分析溶解渣多带走铀的原因;讨论PO43-对萃取效率以及萃取塔操作的有害影响;提出溶解液中铀的极限浓度。黄饼中存在的PO43-对TBP萃取纯化弊大于利。

MNA-TBP从盐酸介质中萃取Ir(Ⅳ)

对ＭＮＡ－ＴＢＰ从盐酸介质中萃取Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）作了研究．结果表明：ＭＮＡ－ＴＢＰ对Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）萃取有协同效应．当ＭＮＡ和ＴＢＰ在正辛烷中的浓度各为０．４５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，待萃液中ＨＣｌ总浓度为４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，铱浓度为１７３．１３μｇ／ｍｌ，相比为１时，协萃系数Ｒ为２．３３，协萃合物的组成为（ＭＮＡＨ）＋．ＩｒＣｌ＄２－６．（ＨＴＢＰ）＋．

TBP为萃取剂分离废磷酸铁锂电池中金属锂的研究

LiFePO_(4)/C粉末盐酸浸出液中主要离子为Li^(+)、Fe^(3+)与少量的Cl^(-),符合TBP萃取Li^(+)必须存在过渡族金属离子与Cl^(-)的理论。探究了TBP萃取Li^(+)的机制以及氯离子供给剂、Fe^(3+)/Li^(+)摩尔比、Cl^(-)浓度与Li^(+)浓度对萃取的影响,得到Li^(+)最佳萃取分离条件。结果表明,以FeCl^(3+)AlCl_(3)为氯离子供给剂,模拟配制酸浸出液中Li^(+)是以[LiFeCl_(4)]·n TBP的络合形式被萃取;TBP萃取Li^(+)的最佳条件为:溶液中Fe^(3+)/Li^(+)摩尔比为1.5、Cl^(-)浓度为5 mol/L、Li^(+)质量浓度为1 g/L;当相比(O/A)为0.5时,在最佳条件下TBP对LiFePO_(4)/C粉末盐酸浸出液中Li^(+)的二级萃取率达到92%以上,以6 mol/L盐酸为反萃剂三级反萃后Li^(+)反萃率约为93%,反萃后有机相中Fe^(3+)等杂质质量分数低于1%。该方法使废旧磷酸铁锂电池中的锂分离率达到83%以上,实现废旧磷酸铁锂电池中金属锂资源再生的目的。

强辐照场下Purex过程溶剂的辐解研究——Ⅱ.TBP-正十二烷体系辐解生成强络合剂——单烷基长链酸性磷酸酯的研究

研究了在强辐照场下TBP-正十二烷体系中单烷基长链酸性磷酸酯的生成及其影响因素,探讨了单烷基长链酸性磷酸酯的生成机理。

磷酸三丁酯/煤油废液样品中锶-90的测定

磷酸三丁酯/煤油废液(TBP/OK)废液中锶-90的分析方法是废液处理过程中必须的检验项目。通过条件实验,确定了TBP与OK进行蒸发分离温度,不同温度条件下依次使用硫酸、硝酸、过氧化氢、高氯酸对样品进行湿法消解,消解后样品用HDEHP萃取色层法分离并用β计数法准确测量。讨论了分析过程中干扰因素消除方法,开展了方法的回收率、方法的探测限试验及实验室间比对试验,结果表面方法重复性和精密性满足要求,适用于TBP/OK废液样品中锶-90的分析。

高镁锂比盐湖卤水萃取提锂研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、煤油为稀释剂,在协萃剂A和共萃剂FeCl3存在的条件下,从高镁锂比盐湖老卤中萃取提锂。系统研究了pH值、Fe/Li摩尔比、萃取相比、萃取时间、温度等因素的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为:pH=2、Fe/Li摩尔比1.25、萃取相比(O/A)1/1、室温下萃取10 min。在优化条件下锂单级萃取率在76%以上,经过4级萃取卤水中锂萃取率可达99.44%。

炼油厂碱渣废水络合萃取法脱酚实验研究

实验选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-煤油溶液为萃取剂络合萃取碱渣废水中的酚,研究了不同萃取剂浓度、pH值、温度及萃取比条件下体系的萃取性能;采取NaOH溶液对萃取剂进行反萃再生,研究了碱液浓度、温度及反萃取比对萃取剂再生效果的影响;确定了萃取与反萃取的最佳操作条件。实验结果表明,TBP-煤油溶液可以有效脱除碱渣废水中的高浓度酚,是一种良好的工业萃取脱酚剂。

磷酸三丁酯减压微色谱柱分离锡的研究和应用

研究了磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）减压微色谱柱分离富集Ｓｎ的条件和性能。选定３ｍｍ×７０ｍｍ的微色谱柱，树脂粒度１２０～１４０目，测得静态吸附容量为２７ｍｇ／ｇ，吸附反应速率常数为３６８×１０－３；减压条件下，在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中Ｓｎ被萃取在ＴＢＰ微色谱柱上，用２ｍＬ２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４洗脱后即可用邻氯苯基荧光酮Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０分光光度法测定Ｓｎ含量。经标准样品验证，分离效果好。

液膜法提取单质金的迁移机理及其应用

本文研究了用磺化煤油作稀释剂时磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）从王水溶液中萃取Ａｕ的萃合比，证明了溶液中ＨＮＯ３或ＮＯ－３在酸度小于３．０ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３时对ＴＢＰ萃取Ａｕ的萃合比没有影响，分析了液膜选择性迁移Ａｕ的机理；研究了以ＴＢＰ为载体的乳状液膜从以王水为介质的含Ａｕ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ的电镀废水中选择性回收Ａｕ，内水相得到了纯度９９．９％的黑色粉末单质Ａｕ，一级回收率为９９．９％。

大块液膜技术处理含六价铬废水

以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）为载体，煤油为稀释剂，NaOH为反萃剂，采用大块液膜技术处理含95～100mg／LCr（Ⅵ）的模拟废水。考察了液膜相用量、载体体积分数及反萃剂浓度对大块液膜过程中Cr（Ⅵ）传质过程的影响。结果表明，大块液膜技术对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果较好。Cr（Ⅵ）迁移速率随TBP体积分数的提高而加快。当反萃剂NaOH浓度大于0．5mol／L时，反萃剂浓度对Cr（Ⅵ）传质过程的影响较小。处理后废水中Cr（Ⅵ）含量降至0．5mg／L以下，达到国家排放标准。

微孔分散轮盘塔净化湿法磷酸的实验研究

在设计的新型微孔分散轮盘塔中,采用微孔分散技术对萃取过程进行强化传质,以磷酸/水/TBP+煤油为实验体系,研究了该萃取设备净化湿法磷酸的萃取特性。考察了孔径为75μm的微孔网分散轮盘在不同相比、转速、停留时间下对萃取率和反萃取率的影响,并在不同转速下与普通转盘塔进行了对比,结果表明:微分散轮盘比普通转盘有较好的分散效果,其中转速对其有明显影响;萃取的适宜条件为转速250 r min 1,相比4:1,停留时间10 min,磷酸萃取率可达54.92%;当转速250 r min 1,相比为6,停留时间15 min,磷酸反萃率可达85.33%。

磷酸根与磷酸基水化作用之比较——红外光谱研究

本文运用傅立叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ），对水／ＮａＤＥＨＰ／正庚烷反胶束体系中的磷酸根及磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－水体系中磷酸基的水化作用进行了研究（ＮａＤＥＨＰ为二－（２－乙基己基）磷酸钠）。

泡沫塑料吸附发射光谱测定痕量金方法的改进

通过改进原分析方法的泡沫塑料预处理、吸附、洗涤、灰化和装样 5个步骤 ,可以有效地简化原分析方法的分析流程 ,缩短分析周期 ,减小劳动强度 ,降低生产成本 ,从而提高分析测定方法的灵敏度和准确度 ,方法改进后金的最低检出限可达 0 .1ng/g。

磷酸三丁酯萃取邻苯二酚的研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,正辛醇、石油醚、氯仿、四氯化碳、环己烷为稀释剂,测定了络合萃取剂对邻苯二酚溶液的相平衡分配比。讨论了稀释剂、盐、体系pH值和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)络合剂的含量对萃取相平衡分配比D的影响,并分析了形成络合物的组成。