The promoting effect of zirconium addition on Pd/Beta catalysts has been investigated in the selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in the aqueous phase. The activity of the catalyst in the reaction was gr...The promoting effect of zirconium addition on Pd/Beta catalysts has been investigated in the selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in the aqueous phase. The activity of the catalyst in the reaction was greatly improved by introducing Zr atoms into the framework of H-Beta zeolite. An important synergy between the Zr species and Pd, affecting the Pd dispersion state on the support, has been observed. The modification of the support with Zr^(4+) improves the Lewis/Brφnsted acid ratio of the catalyst, suppressing the further transformation of cyclohexanone. The kinetics of Pd/Zr-Beta catalyst showed high selectivity to cyclohexanone. The catalytic results showed that the Pd/Zr-Beta had the best catalytic performance at the desired temperature of 80℃ for 5 h.展开更多
The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic re...The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic reaction is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium and involves a complex reaction network, leading to a heightened focus on catalysts and process design. Copper-based catalysts have been extensively studied and exhibit exceptional low-temperature catalytic performance in cyclohexanol dehydrogenation, with some being commercially used in the industry. This paper specifically concentrates on research advancement concerning active species, reaction mechanisms, factors influencing product selectivity, and the deactivation behaviors of copper-based catalysts. Moreover, a brief introduction to the new processes that break thermodynamic equilibrium via reaction coupling and their corresponding catalysts is summarized here as well. These reviews may off er guidance and potential avenues for further investigations into catalysts and processes for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation.展开更多
A new environmental friendly catalyst, H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn was prepared andidentified by means of FT-IR, XRD and TG/DTA. Cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesizedfrom cyclohexanone and 1,2-propanediol in t...A new environmental friendly catalyst, H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn was prepared andidentified by means of FT-IR, XRD and TG/DTA. Cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesizedfrom cyclohexanone and 1,2-propanediol in the presence of H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn The factorsinfluencing tlie synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The optimumconditions are: molar ratio of cyclohexanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.4, the quantity of catalystis equal to 1.0 percent of feed stocks, and the reaction time is 40 min. H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn is anexcellent catalyst for synthesizing cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal and its yield can reachover 96.5 percent.展开更多
Two clean liquid–phase cyclohexanone oxidation routes catalyzed by DHBEA and HTS zeolites, in the absence of organic solvents, have been developed for producing high value-added chemical intermediates. Under optimize...Two clean liquid–phase cyclohexanone oxidation routes catalyzed by DHBEA and HTS zeolites, in the absence of organic solvents, have been developed for producing high value-added chemical intermediates. Under optimized conditions,the cyclohexanone conversion reaches up to 60%, and the selectivity of total target products(ε-caprolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid and adipic acid) is over 90% achieved by the HTS zeolite; while both cyclohexanone conversion and the 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid selectivity are over 95% obtained on the DHBEA zeolite. Both the Lewis and Br鰊sted acid sites of DHBEA zeolite can preferentially activate the carbonyl group of cyclohexanone without any impact on H_2O_2 molecules.Meanwhile, the HTS zeolite can predominantly make H_2O_2 more reactive, which agrees well with the molecular calculation results. Hence, two different Baeyer-Villiger oxidation mechanisms based on the activation of H_2O_2 and cyclohexanone are proposed. Then, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid is formed via the ring-opening of ε-caprolactone. However, C-OH groups cannot be reactivated by DHBEA zeolite, leading to insignificant adipic acid formation, while the selectivity of adipic acid is 28.5% obtained on the HTS zeolite. Consequently, the higher catalytic performance of the DHBEA zeolite is ascribed to its larger amount of active sites and greater diffusion features than those of HTS zeolite.展开更多
Selective phenol hydrogenation is a green approach to produce cyclohexanone.It still remains a big challenge to prepare efficient supports of the catalysts for the phenol hydrogenation via a simple and cost-effective ...Selective phenol hydrogenation is a green approach to produce cyclohexanone.It still remains a big challenge to prepare efficient supports of the catalysts for the phenol hydrogenation via a simple and cost-effective approach.Herein,a facile approach was developed,i.e.,direct calcination of activated carbon(AC)under argon at high temperature,to improve its structure and surface properties.The modified AC materials were supported with Pd nanoparticles(NPs)to fabricate the Pd/C catalysts.The as-prepared Pd/C600 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance in the phenol hydrogenation,and its turnover frequency(TOF)value is 199.2 h^-1,1.31 times to that of Pd/C-raw.The Pd/C600 catalyst presents both better hydrophobicity and more structural defects,contributing to the improved dispersibility in the reaction solution(phenol-cyclohexane),the better Pd dispersion and the smaller Pd size,which result in the enhancement of the catalytic performance.Furthermore,the as-prepared Pd/C600 catalyst shows a good recyclability.展开更多
An intrinsic kinetics of cyclohexanone ammoximation in the liquid phase over titanium silicate molecular sieves is investigated in an isothermal slurry reactor at different initial reactant concentrations, catalyst lo...An intrinsic kinetics of cyclohexanone ammoximation in the liquid phase over titanium silicate molecular sieves is investigated in an isothermal slurry reactor at different initial reactant concentrations, catalyst loading,and reaction temperature. The rate equations are developed by analyzing data of kinetic measurements. More than 10 side reactions were found. H202 decomposition reaction Inust be considered and other side reactions can be neglected in the kinetic modeling. The predicted values of reaction rates based on the kinetic models are almost consistent with experimental ones. The models have guidance to the selection of reactor types and they are useful to the design and operation of reactor used.展开更多
Titanium silicalite (TS-1) without and with extra-framework titanium have been prepared and TiO_2 is also prepared under the same conditions.All the samples are characterized with XRD,FT-IR,and UV–Vis.The effects of ...Titanium silicalite (TS-1) without and with extra-framework titanium have been prepared and TiO_2 is also prepared under the same conditions.All the samples are characterized with XRD,FT-IR,and UV–Vis.The effects of extra-framework titanium in TS-1 on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone have been studied in a continuous slurry reactor.The characterization results reveal that the extra-framework titanium exists as anatase.The catalytic evaluation results show that the anatase has a positive effect on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone by extending the catalytic life because it also exhibits some activity,while the conversion of cyclohexanone and the selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime are not influenced.The anatase TiO_2 does not catalyze H_2O_2 decomposition appreciably compared with TS-1 without extra-framework titanium.The results are very useful in guiding the TS-1 production.展开更多
In the absence of catalyst,70%hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize succinic anhydride to solid monoperoxysuccinic acid(PSA).Then PSA was applied to synthesis ofε-caprolactone(ε-CL)by oxidation of cyclohexanone in t...In the absence of catalyst,70%hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize succinic anhydride to solid monoperoxysuccinic acid(PSA).Then PSA was applied to synthesis ofε-caprolactone(ε-CL)by oxidation of cyclohexanone in the heterogeneous system.In order to achieve material recycle,solid precipitated in the process of synthesizingε-CL was dehydrated via reactive distillation followed by recrystallization to prepare succinic anhydride,which was characterized by IR(infrared spectra)and1HNMR(1H nuclear magnetic resonance).Effects of molar ratio of PSA to cyclohexanone,acetic acid dosage,reaction temperature,reaction time on conversion of cyclohexanone,yield and selectivity ofε-CL were investigated respectively.The results indicated that conversion of cyclohexanone,yield and selectivity ofε-CL were upto 98.1%,97.5%and 99.4%respectively under the optimal conditions.In addition,in the process of synthesizing succinic anhydride,the optimal yield of succinic anhydride reached 67.4%.展开更多
Phenol hydrogenation is a green route to prepare cyclohexanone,an intermediate for the production of nylon 66 and nylon 6.The development of high-performance catalysts still keeps a great challenge.Herein,the activate...Phenol hydrogenation is a green route to prepare cyclohexanone,an intermediate for the production of nylon 66 and nylon 6.The development of high-performance catalysts still keeps a great challenge.Herein,the activated carbon(AC)was modified with an acidic material Nb_(2)O_(5)to adjust the microstructure and surface properties of AC,and the influences of the calcination temperature and Nb_(2)O_(5)content on the catalytic performance of the Pd/AC-Nb_(2)O_(5)catalysts for the phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone were investigated.The Nb_(2)O_(5)with proper content can be highly uniformly distributed on the AC surface,enhancing the acidity of the Pd/AC-Nb_(2)O_(5)catalysts with comparable specific surface area and Pd dispersion,thereby improving the catalytic activity.The hybrid Pd/AC-10 Nb_(2)O_(5)-500 catalyst exhibits the synergistic effect between the Pd nanoparticles and AC-10 Nb_(2)O_(5),which enhances the catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of phenol.Furthermore,the as-prepared Pd/AC-10 Nb_(2)O_(5)-500 catalyst shows good reusability during 7 reaction cycles.展开更多
Mesoporous titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)was hydrothermally synthesized with the addition of triethanolamine(TEA)in the conventional process, and used in the cyclohexanone ammoximation in a continuous slurry reactor. The...Mesoporous titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)was hydrothermally synthesized with the addition of triethanolamine(TEA)in the conventional process, and used in the cyclohexanone ammoximation in a continuous slurry reactor. The as-prepared TS-1 was characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microcopy(SEM), N_2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy, UV-Visible(UV-Vis)diffuse reflectance spectra and UV Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the addition of TEA resulted in the formation of mesopores and the slight increase of framework titanium in TS-1. TS-1 synthesized with the addition of TEA exhibited a higher stability in the cyclohexanone ammoximation than that without the addition of TEA, attributing to the increase of mesopore volumes and the slight increase of the framework titanium in TS-1. However, when the addition of TEA was up to TEA/SiO_2 ratio of 0.24, the crystallinity and framework titanium of TS-1 decreased markedly, and the average crystal sizes of TS-1 increased, with the catalyst stability becoming poor.展开更多
Hollow titanium silicalite (HTS) molecular sieve has been synthesized, and information on its structure, physico-chemical characterization, as well as surface property was investigated by a host of analytical methods,...Hollow titanium silicalite (HTS) molecular sieve has been synthesized, and information on its structure, physico-chemical characterization, as well as surface property was investigated by a host of analytical methods, such as XRF, XRD, low-temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 29Si MAS NMR, and XPS techniques. The characterization results suggest that HTS zeolite has a special hollow crystal structure and its mesopore volume is larger than that of TS-1 zeolite. The titanium species in this zeolite are composed of the framework tetrahedral Ti (IV) ions and extra-framework octahedral Ti (IV) ions, which tend to disperse into its bulk phase. This zeolite material also has been applied to catalyze the cyclohexanone oxidation process, and the products are not completely consistent with those results obtained by using TS-1 zeolite, which might be caused by their difference in pore structure and pore volume, especially the mesopore volume. Cyclohexanone oxidation catalyzed by HTS zeolite is a representative consecutive reaction, the main target products of which are e-caprolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid and adipic acid. The effect of H2O2/cyclohexanone mole ratio on the cyclohexanone conversion, the total target product selectivity, the distribution of three target products selectivity and their variations along with reaction time is also researched and analyzed, which indicate that HTS zeolite shows a high performance for the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of cyclohexanone and catalytic oxidation of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid under mild conditions, and the quantity of active surface titanium species as well as the pore structure and mesopore volume controlling the mass diffusion rate are the key factors determining the catalytic activity of HTS zeolite and product selectivity.展开更多
C13H17N3O,Mr=231.30,monoclinic,P21/,a=7.094(5).b =32.14(l),c=5.894(4)A,β=112.84(4)°,Z=4,Dx=l.24 gcm-3,V=1238(l) A 3,λ(MoKα)=0.71069 A,μ=0.76 cm-1.F(000)=496,T=293K,R=0.060,Rω=0.062 for 1205 reflections(I】3...C13H17N3O,Mr=231.30,monoclinic,P21/,a=7.094(5).b =32.14(l),c=5.894(4)A,β=112.84(4)°,Z=4,Dx=l.24 gcm-3,V=1238(l) A 3,λ(MoKα)=0.71069 A,μ=0.76 cm-1.F(000)=496,T=293K,R=0.060,Rω=0.062 for 1205 reflections(I】3σ(I)).The cyclohexane ring shows a slightly distorted chair conformation.The NHCONH2 group has a conformation with the C=O bond trans to the N-N bond.The molecules in the crystal are linked together by the O…H-N hydrogen bonding.forming an infinite ribbon.展开更多
The addition of platinum over the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 remarkably enhanced its catalytic stability in the vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime under the carder gas of H2. The content of coke deposited ...The addition of platinum over the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 remarkably enhanced its catalytic stability in the vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime under the carder gas of H2. The content of coke deposited on catalyst surface was decreased from 1.92% over the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 to 1.14% over the platinum promoted B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 after reaction of six hours. This result indicates that the platinum added on the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst plays an important role in reducing the coke formation on the catalyst surface.展开更多
The new title compound (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (C 24 H 26 O 5,M r=394.45) has been synthesized,and its crystal structure was studied.The title compound crystallizes in the orthorho...The new title compound (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (C 24 H 26 O 5,M r=394.45) has been synthesized,and its crystal structure was studied.The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system,space group Pca2 1 with a=17.536(2),b=14.8515(16),c=8.0512(9),V=2096.8(4) 3,Z=4,D c=1.250 g/cm 3,λ=0.71073,μ=0.087 mm-1 and F(000)=840.The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=0.0533 and wR=0.1248 from 2727 observed reflections (I 2σ(Ⅰ)).The title molecules are connected through hydrogen bonds to generate a 3-D supramolecule.The preliminary biological tests showed definitely biological activity for the title compound.展开更多
Solubilities were measured for succinic acid dissolved in cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol and 5 of their mixed solvents at the temperature range from 291.85 K to 358.37 K using a dynamic method. The solubility data were r...Solubilities were measured for succinic acid dissolved in cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol and 5 of their mixed solvents at the temperature range from 291.85 K to 358.37 K using a dynamic method. The solubility data were regressed by λh equation, with the average absolute relative deviation 3.47%. The binary interaction parameter is 0.306 7 for the mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol was determined by correlating the experimental solubilities with the modified λh equation. When the binary interaction parameter was determined, it can be used to extrapolate the solubilities of succinic acid in mixed solvents of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol at any proportion. The average absolute relative deviation was 7.69% by using the modified λh equation to correlate the solubility data, however, the average absolute relative deviation was 8.89% by using NRTL equation to correlate the solubility data. The results show that the accuracy of the modified λh equation is better than that of the NRTL equation for the solubility of succinic acid in the 5 mixed solvents of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol.展开更多
环己酮是重要的化工原料,是生产尼龙6和尼龙66重要中间体,环己酮结构还存在于自然界中,是一类具有多种生物活性的药物骨架。本论文以双苄叉丙酮与丙二腈为原料,以DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)为溶剂,K_(2)CO_(3)为碱,且在无催化剂的条件下发生...环己酮是重要的化工原料,是生产尼龙6和尼龙66重要中间体,环己酮结构还存在于自然界中,是一类具有多种生物活性的药物骨架。本论文以双苄叉丙酮与丙二腈为原料,以DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)为溶剂,K_(2)CO_(3)为碱,且在无催化剂的条件下发生[5+1]环化反应,合成了一系列多取代环己酮类化合物,其结构经1 H NMR,^(13)C NMR、HR-MS(ESI)和IR表征,并对该合成反应机理进行了探讨。该合成方法具有宽泛的底物普适性,条件温和,较高的原子经济性和收率高等优势。展开更多
基金Financial supports from the State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering (RIPP, SINOPEC)。
文摘The promoting effect of zirconium addition on Pd/Beta catalysts has been investigated in the selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in the aqueous phase. The activity of the catalyst in the reaction was greatly improved by introducing Zr atoms into the framework of H-Beta zeolite. An important synergy between the Zr species and Pd, affecting the Pd dispersion state on the support, has been observed. The modification of the support with Zr^(4+) improves the Lewis/Brφnsted acid ratio of the catalyst, suppressing the further transformation of cyclohexanone. The kinetics of Pd/Zr-Beta catalyst showed high selectivity to cyclohexanone. The catalytic results showed that the Pd/Zr-Beta had the best catalytic performance at the desired temperature of 80℃ for 5 h.
基金the support from Clariant International Ltd.the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22022811,21938008,and U21B2096)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations。
文摘The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic reaction is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium and involves a complex reaction network, leading to a heightened focus on catalysts and process design. Copper-based catalysts have been extensively studied and exhibit exceptional low-temperature catalytic performance in cyclohexanol dehydrogenation, with some being commercially used in the industry. This paper specifically concentrates on research advancement concerning active species, reaction mechanisms, factors influencing product selectivity, and the deactivation behaviors of copper-based catalysts. Moreover, a brief introduction to the new processes that break thermodynamic equilibrium via reaction coupling and their corresponding catalysts is summarized here as well. These reviews may off er guidance and potential avenues for further investigations into catalysts and processes for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation.
文摘A new environmental friendly catalyst, H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn was prepared andidentified by means of FT-IR, XRD and TG/DTA. Cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesizedfrom cyclohexanone and 1,2-propanediol in the presence of H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn The factorsinfluencing tlie synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The optimumconditions are: molar ratio of cyclohexanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.4, the quantity of catalystis equal to 1.0 percent of feed stocks, and the reaction time is 40 min. H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn is anexcellent catalyst for synthesizing cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal and its yield can reachover 96.5 percent.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2006CB202508)the Research Program of China Petrochemical Corporation (SINOPEC Group 20673054)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0306800)
文摘Two clean liquid–phase cyclohexanone oxidation routes catalyzed by DHBEA and HTS zeolites, in the absence of organic solvents, have been developed for producing high value-added chemical intermediates. Under optimized conditions,the cyclohexanone conversion reaches up to 60%, and the selectivity of total target products(ε-caprolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid and adipic acid) is over 90% achieved by the HTS zeolite; while both cyclohexanone conversion and the 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid selectivity are over 95% obtained on the DHBEA zeolite. Both the Lewis and Br鰊sted acid sites of DHBEA zeolite can preferentially activate the carbonyl group of cyclohexanone without any impact on H_2O_2 molecules.Meanwhile, the HTS zeolite can predominantly make H_2O_2 more reactive, which agrees well with the molecular calculation results. Hence, two different Baeyer-Villiger oxidation mechanisms based on the activation of H_2O_2 and cyclohexanone are proposed. Then, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid is formed via the ring-opening of ε-caprolactone. However, C-OH groups cannot be reactivated by DHBEA zeolite, leading to insignificant adipic acid formation, while the selectivity of adipic acid is 28.5% obtained on the HTS zeolite. Consequently, the higher catalytic performance of the DHBEA zeolite is ascribed to its larger amount of active sites and greater diffusion features than those of HTS zeolite.
基金financial supports from the National Key R&D Program(2016YFB0301503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776127,21921006)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Province Key R&D Program(BE2018009-2)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(ZK201902)。
文摘Selective phenol hydrogenation is a green approach to produce cyclohexanone.It still remains a big challenge to prepare efficient supports of the catalysts for the phenol hydrogenation via a simple and cost-effective approach.Herein,a facile approach was developed,i.e.,direct calcination of activated carbon(AC)under argon at high temperature,to improve its structure and surface properties.The modified AC materials were supported with Pd nanoparticles(NPs)to fabricate the Pd/C catalysts.The as-prepared Pd/C600 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance in the phenol hydrogenation,and its turnover frequency(TOF)value is 199.2 h^-1,1.31 times to that of Pd/C-raw.The Pd/C600 catalyst presents both better hydrophobicity and more structural defects,contributing to the improved dispersibility in the reaction solution(phenol-cyclohexane),the better Pd dispersion and the smaller Pd size,which result in the enhancement of the catalytic performance.Furthermore,the as-prepared Pd/C600 catalyst shows a good recyclability.
文摘An intrinsic kinetics of cyclohexanone ammoximation in the liquid phase over titanium silicate molecular sieves is investigated in an isothermal slurry reactor at different initial reactant concentrations, catalyst loading,and reaction temperature. The rate equations are developed by analyzing data of kinetic measurements. More than 10 side reactions were found. H202 decomposition reaction Inust be considered and other side reactions can be neglected in the kinetic modeling. The predicted values of reaction rates based on the kinetic models are almost consistent with experimental ones. The models have guidance to the selection of reactor types and they are useful to the design and operation of reactor used.
基金was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(‘‘973’’Program,No.G2000048005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276183)
文摘Titanium silicalite (TS-1) without and with extra-framework titanium have been prepared and TiO_2 is also prepared under the same conditions.All the samples are characterized with XRD,FT-IR,and UV–Vis.The effects of extra-framework titanium in TS-1 on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone have been studied in a continuous slurry reactor.The characterization results reveal that the extra-framework titanium exists as anatase.The catalytic evaluation results show that the anatase has a positive effect on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone by extending the catalytic life because it also exhibits some activity,while the conversion of cyclohexanone and the selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime are not influenced.The anatase TiO_2 does not catalyze H_2O_2 decomposition appreciably compared with TS-1 without extra-framework titanium.The results are very useful in guiding the TS-1 production.
文摘In the absence of catalyst,70%hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize succinic anhydride to solid monoperoxysuccinic acid(PSA).Then PSA was applied to synthesis ofε-caprolactone(ε-CL)by oxidation of cyclohexanone in the heterogeneous system.In order to achieve material recycle,solid precipitated in the process of synthesizingε-CL was dehydrated via reactive distillation followed by recrystallization to prepare succinic anhydride,which was characterized by IR(infrared spectra)and1HNMR(1H nuclear magnetic resonance).Effects of molar ratio of PSA to cyclohexanone,acetic acid dosage,reaction temperature,reaction time on conversion of cyclohexanone,yield and selectivity ofε-CL were investigated respectively.The results indicated that conversion of cyclohexanone,yield and selectivity ofε-CL were upto 98.1%,97.5%and 99.4%respectively under the optimal conditions.In addition,in the process of synthesizing succinic anhydride,the optimal yield of succinic anhydride reached 67.4%.
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation(21776127,21921006)the Jiangsu Province Key R&D Program(BE2018009-2)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Province natural science research of College and university general project(20KJB540003)a project funded by the priority academic program development of Jiangsu higher education institutions(PAPD)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(ZK201902)the outstanding young teacher’s project of Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment of China。
文摘Phenol hydrogenation is a green route to prepare cyclohexanone,an intermediate for the production of nylon 66 and nylon 6.The development of high-performance catalysts still keeps a great challenge.Herein,the activated carbon(AC)was modified with an acidic material Nb_(2)O_(5)to adjust the microstructure and surface properties of AC,and the influences of the calcination temperature and Nb_(2)O_(5)content on the catalytic performance of the Pd/AC-Nb_(2)O_(5)catalysts for the phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone were investigated.The Nb_(2)O_(5)with proper content can be highly uniformly distributed on the AC surface,enhancing the acidity of the Pd/AC-Nb_(2)O_(5)catalysts with comparable specific surface area and Pd dispersion,thereby improving the catalytic activity.The hybrid Pd/AC-10 Nb_(2)O_(5)-500 catalyst exhibits the synergistic effect between the Pd nanoparticles and AC-10 Nb_(2)O_(5),which enhances the catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of phenol.Furthermore,the as-prepared Pd/AC-10 Nb_(2)O_(5)-500 catalyst shows good reusability during 7 reaction cycles.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276183)
文摘Mesoporous titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)was hydrothermally synthesized with the addition of triethanolamine(TEA)in the conventional process, and used in the cyclohexanone ammoximation in a continuous slurry reactor. The as-prepared TS-1 was characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microcopy(SEM), N_2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy, UV-Visible(UV-Vis)diffuse reflectance spectra and UV Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the addition of TEA resulted in the formation of mesopores and the slight increase of framework titanium in TS-1. TS-1 synthesized with the addition of TEA exhibited a higher stability in the cyclohexanone ammoximation than that without the addition of TEA, attributing to the increase of mesopore volumes and the slight increase of the framework titanium in TS-1. However, when the addition of TEA was up to TEA/SiO_2 ratio of 0.24, the crystallinity and framework titanium of TS-1 decreased markedly, and the average crystal sizes of TS-1 increased, with the catalyst stability becoming poor.
基金the financial support of the State Basic Research Project ‘‘973’’ by the Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China (2006CB202508)
文摘Hollow titanium silicalite (HTS) molecular sieve has been synthesized, and information on its structure, physico-chemical characterization, as well as surface property was investigated by a host of analytical methods, such as XRF, XRD, low-temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 29Si MAS NMR, and XPS techniques. The characterization results suggest that HTS zeolite has a special hollow crystal structure and its mesopore volume is larger than that of TS-1 zeolite. The titanium species in this zeolite are composed of the framework tetrahedral Ti (IV) ions and extra-framework octahedral Ti (IV) ions, which tend to disperse into its bulk phase. This zeolite material also has been applied to catalyze the cyclohexanone oxidation process, and the products are not completely consistent with those results obtained by using TS-1 zeolite, which might be caused by their difference in pore structure and pore volume, especially the mesopore volume. Cyclohexanone oxidation catalyzed by HTS zeolite is a representative consecutive reaction, the main target products of which are e-caprolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid and adipic acid. The effect of H2O2/cyclohexanone mole ratio on the cyclohexanone conversion, the total target product selectivity, the distribution of three target products selectivity and their variations along with reaction time is also researched and analyzed, which indicate that HTS zeolite shows a high performance for the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of cyclohexanone and catalytic oxidation of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid under mild conditions, and the quantity of active surface titanium species as well as the pore structure and mesopore volume controlling the mass diffusion rate are the key factors determining the catalytic activity of HTS zeolite and product selectivity.
文摘C13H17N3O,Mr=231.30,monoclinic,P21/,a=7.094(5).b =32.14(l),c=5.894(4)A,β=112.84(4)°,Z=4,Dx=l.24 gcm-3,V=1238(l) A 3,λ(MoKα)=0.71069 A,μ=0.76 cm-1.F(000)=496,T=293K,R=0.060,Rω=0.062 for 1205 reflections(I】3σ(I)).The cyclohexane ring shows a slightly distorted chair conformation.The NHCONH2 group has a conformation with the C=O bond trans to the N-N bond.The molecules in the crystal are linked together by the O…H-N hydrogen bonding.forming an infinite ribbon.
文摘The addition of platinum over the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 remarkably enhanced its catalytic stability in the vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime under the carder gas of H2. The content of coke deposited on catalyst surface was decreased from 1.92% over the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 to 1.14% over the platinum promoted B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 after reaction of six hours. This result indicates that the platinum added on the B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst plays an important role in reducing the coke formation on the catalyst surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81072683)Project of Wenzhou Sci & Tech Bureau (Y20100006)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y20101108)
文摘The new title compound (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (C 24 H 26 O 5,M r=394.45) has been synthesized,and its crystal structure was studied.The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system,space group Pca2 1 with a=17.536(2),b=14.8515(16),c=8.0512(9),V=2096.8(4) 3,Z=4,D c=1.250 g/cm 3,λ=0.71073,μ=0.087 mm-1 and F(000)=840.The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=0.0533 and wR=0.1248 from 2727 observed reflections (I 2σ(Ⅰ)).The title molecules are connected through hydrogen bonds to generate a 3-D supramolecule.The preliminary biological tests showed definitely biological activity for the title compound.
文摘Solubilities were measured for succinic acid dissolved in cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol and 5 of their mixed solvents at the temperature range from 291.85 K to 358.37 K using a dynamic method. The solubility data were regressed by λh equation, with the average absolute relative deviation 3.47%. The binary interaction parameter is 0.306 7 for the mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol was determined by correlating the experimental solubilities with the modified λh equation. When the binary interaction parameter was determined, it can be used to extrapolate the solubilities of succinic acid in mixed solvents of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol at any proportion. The average absolute relative deviation was 7.69% by using the modified λh equation to correlate the solubility data, however, the average absolute relative deviation was 8.89% by using NRTL equation to correlate the solubility data. The results show that the accuracy of the modified λh equation is better than that of the NRTL equation for the solubility of succinic acid in the 5 mixed solvents of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol.
文摘环己酮是重要的化工原料,是生产尼龙6和尼龙66重要中间体,环己酮结构还存在于自然界中,是一类具有多种生物活性的药物骨架。本论文以双苄叉丙酮与丙二腈为原料,以DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)为溶剂,K_(2)CO_(3)为碱,且在无催化剂的条件下发生[5+1]环化反应,合成了一系列多取代环己酮类化合物,其结构经1 H NMR,^(13)C NMR、HR-MS(ESI)和IR表征,并对该合成反应机理进行了探讨。该合成方法具有宽泛的底物普适性,条件温和,较高的原子经济性和收率高等优势。