Characterization of Memory Access in Deep Learning and Its Implications in Memory Management

Due to the recent trend of software intelligence in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,deep learning has become a mainstream workload for modern computer systems.Since the data size of deep learning increasingly grows,managing the limited memory capacity efficiently for deep learning workloads becomes important.In this paper,we analyze memory accesses in deep learning workloads and find out some unique characteristics differentiated from traditional workloads.First,when comparing instruction and data accesses,data access accounts for 96%–99%of total memory accesses in deep learning workloads,which is quite different from traditional workloads.Second,when comparing read and write accesses,write access dominates,accounting for 64%–80%of total memory accesses.Third,although write access makes up the majority of memory accesses,it shows a low access bias of 0.3 in the Zipf parameter.Fourth,in predicting re-access,recency is important in read access,but frequency provides more accurate information in write access.Based on these observations,we introduce a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory(NVRAM)-accelerated memory architecture for deep learning workloads,and present a new memory management policy for this architecture.By considering the memory access characteristics of deep learning workloads,the proposed policy improves memory performance by 64.3%on average compared to the CLOCK policy.

Introduction of PIC/S Accession Procedure and Suggestions for Establishing a Unified Quality Management System in China

Objective To introduce the accession procedure and evaluation of PIC/S,and help relevant departments in China to understand the requirements of PIC/S in detail,and to promote the process of China’s entry into PIC/S.Methods The procedures and steps of joining PIC/S,the evaluation process of PIC/S,and the experience of several countries in joining PIC/S were introduced and analyzed,which could help the relevant personnel in China understand the specific contents.Results and Conclusion According to the requirements of PIC/S,it is necessary to establish a unified GMP quality management system.

Factors Impacting Benefits of Participatory Forest Management in Upper Imenti Forest, Meru County, Kenya

This study focused on identifying factors affecting the benefits of Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) income generating activities in Upper Imenti Forest and whether they are dependent on status of participation in forest management through membership of Community Forest Association (CFA) or not. Cross-sectional survey research design was applied for collecting quantitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 384 households stratified on the basis of PFM participation status. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions using a checklist and key informant interviews using an interview schedule. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25, Binomial regression with Wald Chi-square was analyzed to identify factors perceived to be significantly influencing benefits for PFM participants and Pearson Chi-square to compare factors perceived to be affecting PFM and non-PFM participants. CFA members participation in PFM was significantly and positively affected by benefits of PFM income generating activities and forest products accessed in the forest. Benefits linked to Plantation Establishment for Livelihood Improvement System (PELIS) for CFA members were significantly reduced by enforcement of moratorium policy since February 2018, diseases and pests, poor PELIS guideline adherence and animal damage. Benefits related to state forest access for firewood by the CFA members were negatively influenced by the moratorium policy. Diseases and pests affected benefits associated with bee keeping significantly. Comparing factors under different PFM participation status, crop production was significantly affected by policy changes, pest and diseases, animal damage and PELIS guideline adherence for CFA members than for Non-CFA members. Policy changes also affected the CFA members significantly in firewood collection and access to fodder in the state forest than the Non-CFA members. Hence, sustainable community participation in Upper Imenti Forest management requires: increasing PFM benefits, addressing factors reducing benefits and enhancing active participation of CFA members in PFM related decision-making processes.

基于Web Access Management实现图书馆电子资源远程访问

阐述如何利用WAM系统对读者进行身份认证以实现电子资源的校外远程访问,从而解决师生在校外能随时随地检索利用图书馆所订购的电子资源的问题,进而大大提高电子资源的利用率。

基于Web服务和Access数据库的证书管理系统

为规范证书管理发放,设计以Web服务为平台,通过调用Access数据库中信息,开发证书管理系统。本系统运行稳定、安全、可靠,具有查看证书整体情况、领取情况、证书去向等功能,提高考务工作者发放证书效率,达到证书发放管理要求。

Percutaneous management of vascular access in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI) using stent-based bioprostheses has recently emerged as a promising alternative to surgical valve replacement in selected patients. The main route for TAVI is retrograde access from the femoral artery using large sheaths(16-24 F). Vascular access complications are a clinically relevant issue in TAVI procedures since they are reported to occur in up to one fourth of patients and are strongly associated with adverse outcomes. In the present paper, we review the different types of vascular access site complications associated with transfemoral TAVI. Moreover, we discuss the possible optimal management strategies with particular attention to the relevance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment using endovascular techniques.

Management and implementation strategies of pre-screening triage in children during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Guangzhou, China

BACKGROUND Emerging infectious diseases are a constant threat to the public’s health and health care systems around the world.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-2019),which was defined by the World Health Organization as pandemic,has rapidly emerged as a global health threat.Outbreak evolution and prevention of international implications require substantial flexibility of frontline health care facilities in their response.AIM To explore the effect of the implementation and management strategy of prescreening triage in children during COVID-19.METHODS The standardized triage screening procedures included a standardized triage screening questionnaire,setup of pre-screening triage station,multi-point temperature monitoring,extensive screenings,and two-way protection.In order to ensure the implementation of the pre-screening triage,the prevention and control management strategies included training,emergency exercise,and staff protection.Statistical analysis was performed on the data from all the children hospitalized from January 20,2020 to March 20,2020 at solstice during the pandemic period.Data were obtained from questionnaires and electronic medical record systems.RESULTS A total of 17561 children,including 2652 who met the criteria for screening,192 suspected cases,and two confirmed cases without omission,were screened from January 20,2020 to March 20,2020 at solstice during the pandemic period.There was zero transmission of the infection to any medical staff.CONCLUSION The effective strategies for pre-screening triage have an essential role in the prevention and control of hospital infection.

Interference management via access control and mobility prediction in two-tier heterogeneous networks

Abstract： Two-tier heterogeneous networks （HetNets）, where the current cellular networks, i.e., macrocells, are overlapped with a large number of randomly distributed femtocells, can potentially bring significant benefits to spectral utilization and system capacity. The interference management and access control for open and closed femtocells in two-tier HetNets were focused. The contributions consist of two parts. Firstly, in order to reduce the uplink interference caused by MUEs （macrocell user equipments） at closed femtocells, an incentive mechanism to implement interference mitigation was proposed. It encourages femtoeells that work with closed-subscriber-group （CSG） to allow the interfering MUEs access in but only via uplink, which can reduce the interference significantly and also benefit the marco-tier. The interference issue was then studied in open-subscriber-group （OSG） femtocells from the perspective of handover and mobility prediction. Inbound handover provides an alternative solution for open femtocells when interference turns up, while this accompanies with PCI （physical cell identity） confusion during inbound handover. To reduce the PCI confusion, a dynamic PCI allocation scheme was proposed, by which the high handin femtocells have the dedicated PCI while the others share the reuse PCIs. A Markov chain based mobility prediction algorithm was designed to decide whether the femtoeell status is with high handover requests. Numerical analysis reveals that the UL interference is managed well for the CSG femtocell and the PCI confusion issue is mitigated greatly in OSG femtocell compared to the conventional approaches.

基于Access数据库护理质量管理系统的开发与应用研究

目的开发和使用基于Access数据库护理质量管理系统,探讨应用其进行护理质量管理的实践与成效。方法成立护理质量管理系统小组,通过文献回顾、半结构化访谈和Delphi专家函询构建基于Access数据库的护理质量管理系统,并将其用于护理质量检查,比较护理质量检查系统运行前后护理质量、质量控制检查工作耗时、质量控制分析耗时、质量控制人员信息技术接受度。结果运用该系统进行护理质量检查后,质量检查得分高于应用前,且应用6个月后的护理质量检查得分高于应用该系统3个月后的护理质量检查得分(P<0.001),质量控制检查工作平均耗时、质量控制分析平均耗时有明显降低(P<0.001),质量控制人员信息技术接受行为总分提高(P<0.001)。结论基于Access数据库护理质量管理系统使得护理质量检查更有针对性、实效性的同时,实现了护理质量检查统计分析自动化、科学化,提升护理质量控制人员的信息技术接受度和护理质量管理效率,促进护理质量持续改进。

A Cache Considering Role-Based Access Control and Trust in Privilege Management Infrastructure

PMI （privilege management infrastructure） is used to perform access control to resource in an E-commerce or E-government system. With the ever-increasing need for secure transaction, the need for systems that offer a wide variety of QoS （quality-of-service） features is also growing. In order to improve the QoS of PMI system, a cache based on RBAC （Role-based Access control） and trust is proposed. Our system is realized based on Web service. How to design the cache based on RBAC and trust in the access control model is deseribed in detail. The algorithm to query role permission in cache and to add records in cache is dealt with. The policy to update cache is introduced also.

A Dynamic Active Multicast Group Access Control Framework Based on Trust Management System

The current multicast model provides no access control mechanism. Any host can send data directly to a multicast address or join a multicast group to become a member, which brings safety problems to multicast. In this paper, we present a new active multicast group access control mechanism that is founded on trust management. This structure can solve the problem that exists in multicast members＇ access control and distributing authorization of traditional IP multicast.

Recreational Access Management Planning: Understanding Perceptions Regarding Public Forest Lands in SW Alberta

Management of recreational access on public forest lands is a complex issue of growing global importance. The provision of public recreation opportunities is part of the suite of ecological goods and services that must be considered by many forest managers. Effective access management is predicated on understanding the attitudes and perceptions of recreation users in order to predict and influence visitor behaviour and gauge the acceptance of new management strategies. Potential access management strategies vary given the nature of recreation activities and include: restricting the amount, type, and spatial distribution of use, visitor education, temporal restrictions and enhancing site durability. In this research we examined the views of recreation users on public lands in southwestern Alberta, Canada through implementation of an online survey (n = 945) with a focus on access management options. The results indicate a strong belief that the quality of the recreation experience is declining and that increased management and enforcement are required. More detailed analysis indicates that demographic and user-type variables strongly influence ideas about appropriate management. Forest managers need to engage with, understand, and respond to a wide variety of recreation user needs and preferences.

Rural Water Access and Management Approaches in Southern Africa： Lessons from Namibia and South Africa

Water scarcity is a major problem for Namibia and South Africa as both countries are classified as ＂water stressed＂, based on their per capita water availability which is below the threshold of 1,000-1,666 ma-person^-1.year^-1. Water provision in both countries has traditionally relied on supply-side sources, and the potential for expansion is becoming dim, making efforts towards demand management approaches more feasible. Findings show that CBM （community based management） systems of water points offer an alternative in terms of ownership and self-reliance based on institutional arrangements at community level. However, the CBM system involves some forms of payment for water access, and affordability has become a main challenge, to the extent that some governments are considering the reintroduction of water subsidies for poor rural communities in the near future.

The Application of Access Management in Commercial Area

With the rapid development of automobile ownership and roadway network in China, there is more and more travel demand in the city of Beijing, China. Large commercial areas attract high volumes of traffic, which greatly impacts traffic movement on roadways, producing congestion and safety problems. What is more serious is that existing design of the parking lot, the location of access, layout of driveway, and passage of circulation are not desirable, causing potential conflicts and traffic delays. This paper mainly investigates the impact of the existing design of parking lot and layout of access and driveways at commercial areas around intersection in Beijing. The overall goal of this study is to use access management technologies to find out the measures for commercial area to improve roadway safety and operational efficiency. Some measures of improvements are proposed based on the analysis, including addition of right turn lanes, increase of driveway throat length and incorporation of traffic signs to guide on-site circulation. To accomplish the study objective, a total of 10 commercial areas around intersection were selected and some necessary data were collected at access points including traffic volume of each access and the frontage roadways during peak hours, access type, location, and spacing. The field investigations were conducted for 2 weekends for each area. Meanwhile, the peak hours were 10:00 to 12:00 a.m. on weekends. The data from field investigations show that the number and location of the access is different from place to place. Access driveway is closely located at the signalized intersection mostly. Other problems are also observed based on field investigation such as shortage of the access spacing. The result of this study can be a reference for traffic management on other similar areas in Beijing.

Application of Access Management Techniques to Large Shopping Mall in Beijing

Conflicts are common phenomena in the field of traffic engineering, while are also the main cause of all the traffic problems. The vehicle access driveway of large shopping mall is often the conflict area of urban roads, traffic engineers and city managers face a great challenge as to make the traffic enter and exit the shopping mall safely and or-derly. This paper studies the issues of access management of large shopping mall with a focus on Carrefour shopping mall in Shuangjin district, Beijing. This shopping mall attracts and generates lots of traffic during peak hours, those huge numbers of vehicles come in and out of the shopping mall through the access driveway, resulting in a lot of conflicts to the urban road traffic flow and deteriorating highly smooth movement of traffic on the urban roadway. The impacts of the existing design and layout of access driveway on surrounding traffic operation are also studied in this paper. Some countermeasure of improvements had proposed to decrease traffic conflicts and make sure that the traffic conditions get better off, all the improvement countermeasures are based on the access management principles. Results from this study can be a good reference on other similar driveways at large shopping mall areas.

基于ACCESS MANAGEMENT穿村镇公路改扩建交通安全综合提升技术

基于AM技术采取交通流控制技术,对接入口、交叉口以及连接道进行穿村镇公路设计和交通组织管理与控制,通过道路拓宽、接入控制、交叉口设计、增加安全设施、外迁穿村镇公路或者新建过境公路高架等方式,减少路侧开口、分离冲突区域,提供合适的微循环路网系统,从而减少道路交通冲突点的数量,降低交通延误,提高道路交通安全水平。

A web product data management system based on Simple Object Access Protocol

A new web product data management architecture is presented. The three-tier web architecture and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) are combined to build the web-based product data management (PDM) system which includes three tiers: the user services tier, the business services tier, and the data services tier. The client service component uses the server-side technology, and Extensible Markup Language (XML) web service which uses SOAP as the communication protocol is chosen as the business service component. To illustrate how to build a web-based PDM system using the proposed architecture, a case PDM system which included three logical tires was built. To use the security and central management features of the database, a stored procedure was recommended in the data services tier. The business object was implemented as an XML web service so that client could use standard internet protocols to communicate with the business object from any platform. In order to satisfy users using all sorts of browser, the server-side technology and Microsoft ASP.NET was used to create the dynamic user interface.

Dual Focus upon Industrial Restructuring and Market Access Management

The Central Economic Working Conference of the CPC sets out an important mission for China’s economic development in 2007:"tak- ing energy conservation and protection of the ecological environment as the starting point,actively promote optimization and upgrade of the industrial structure".

基于Access数据库的学生信息管理系统设计研究

Access是一个典型的数据库系统,具有界面友好、操作便捷、向导众多等优良特点。因此,以Access数据库为基础设计并开发了一款学生信息管理系统。先明确了Access数据库的特点和开发方法,制定了学生信息管理系统的总体设计方案,再剖析学生信息管理系统的功能需求和结构设计,最后进一步探究基于Access数据库的学生信息管理系统的实现。

基于Access数据库的非遗汉英信息管理系统建设研究

建设基于Access数据库的非物质文化遗产汉英信息管理系统,能够满足非物质文化遗产保护和传承工作中的数据管理和信息检索的需求。在建设过程中,系统遵循了数据库设计的原则和规范,通过创建“数据表”“查询”“窗体”等,系统、全面地展示非物质文化遗产的汉英文本信息、图片、视频资源,方便研究人员检索和管理数据,为非物质文化遗产研究提供一个操作简单、功能完善的平台。