Interval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making.While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context,it remains unclear how ...Interval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making.While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context,it remains unclear how interval timing behavior is influenced by recent trial history.Here we found that,in mice trained to perform a licking-based interval timing task,a decrease of inter-reinforcement interval in the previous trial rapidly shifted the time of anticipatory licking earlier.Optogenetic inactivation of the anterior lateral motor cortex(ALM),but not the medial prefrontal cortex,for a short time before reward delivery caused a decrease in the peak time of anticipatory licking in the next trial.Electrophysiological recordings from the ALM showed that the response profiles preceded by short and long inter-reinforcement intervals exhibited task-engagement-dependent temporal scaling.Thus,interval timing is adaptive to recent experience of the temporal interval,and ALM activity during time estimation reflects recent experience of interval.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program of China(2021ZD0203700/2021ZD0203703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771151 and 32171030)+2 种基金Lingang Lab(LG202104-01-03)a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32010200)。
文摘Interval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making.While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context,it remains unclear how interval timing behavior is influenced by recent trial history.Here we found that,in mice trained to perform a licking-based interval timing task,a decrease of inter-reinforcement interval in the previous trial rapidly shifted the time of anticipatory licking earlier.Optogenetic inactivation of the anterior lateral motor cortex(ALM),but not the medial prefrontal cortex,for a short time before reward delivery caused a decrease in the peak time of anticipatory licking in the next trial.Electrophysiological recordings from the ALM showed that the response profiles preceded by short and long inter-reinforcement intervals exhibited task-engagement-dependent temporal scaling.Thus,interval timing is adaptive to recent experience of the temporal interval,and ALM activity during time estimation reflects recent experience of interval.
