“Running China in Accordance with the Law” Ensures Development of Human Rights

I. A Review of China＇s Judicial Protection for Human Rights To effectively protect human rights, a country needs to specify in its laws a complete series of basic rights its citizens shall enjoy. Meanwhile, the legal rights for an individual citizen would be meaningless even though such rights are prescribed in laws if, when the person＇s rights are infringed upon, he or she has no access to judicial relief. Administration of justice is the last resort, in fact the most effective, means.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

Experts on Protection of Workers' Right to Remuneration in Accordance With Labor Law

Adozen experts of law gathered on April 1, 2003 to share their views on protection of the workers’ right to remuneration for their work in accordance with the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China. That took place at a seminar jointly sponsored by the Human Rights and the Beijing-based Democracy and Law magazines and the Branch of Labor and Social Security Laws of the Beijing Society of Law. Participants were from the All-China Federation of Trade Unions,

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of the Contract Book of the Civil Code on Labor Dispute Trial Practices:A Study of Four Hundred Judgments

Interpretation(I)of the Supreme People’s Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases allows for the application of pertinent laws and regulations,including the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the“Civil Code”),in labor dispute cases.This has resolved the controversy over the relationship between civil law and labor law in academic and practical communities.In view of this development,we examined four hundred judicial documents,analyzing the focal points of disputes,the reasoning behind judgments,applicable laws,and judgment results.Our study identified seven impacts of the Contract Book of the Civil Code on labor dispute trial practices,exploring the underlying logic behind these changes and proposing policy suggestions to promote consistent judgments across jurisdictions,enhance judicial credibility,and encourage employers to govern enterprises in compliance with the law while empowering employees to safeguard their rights in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

Safeguard Rights and Interests of Women in Accordance with the Law——the Five-Year Anniversary of the Implementation of the Law of the PRC on the Protection of Righ Is and Interests of Women

ON April 3, 1992, the Law of the PRC on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women (Protection Law), the first basic law for protecting rights and interests of women and promoting equality between men and women in China, was adopted at the fifth session of the Seventh National People’s Congress (NPC), and entered into force on October 1 of the same year.

不方便法院原则在涉外海事审判中的应用——评Baron Motorcycles INC.诉Awell Logistics Group,INC.海上货物运输合同纠纷案

针对Baron Motorcycles INC.诉Awell Logistics Group,INC.海上货物运输合同纠纷案在诉讼当事人、争议事实与法律适用等方面具有的特殊性,海事法院尝试依据中国民事诉讼的立法精神,在有对当事人而言更为方便的管辖法院的情况下,运用不方便法院原则而拒绝行使管辖权。对中国法院就个案适用不方便法院原则的理论基础、实践意义、司法环境和适用条件进行论述。

General debate on ITEM 8——by Ms. Zhang Jianan, Chinese Association for International Understanding

I’m Zhang Jia’nan from Chinese Association for International Understanding.As a country under the rule of law,China respects and protects human rights in accordance with the principles of its Constitution.In the face of terrorism and extremism,China has taken actions to fightthese threats in accordance with the law,effectively curbing the frequent occurrences of terrorist activities and ensuring,to the maximum extent,the rights to life and development of people of all ethnic groups in China.

Debate on ＂Evil law is law＂ and ＂Evil law is illegal＂

In the history of the western civilization, the trial of Socrates and the trial of Jesus in the Christian history are equally famous. This trial implied several enduring and classical topics in the history of the western legal thoughts. Why did Socrates accept the results of the ＂Miscarriage of Justice＂？ Who led to the wrong decision？ Why would Socrates be executed？ This article is precisely embarked from this trial, to explore ajurisprudent issue related to the trial： the debate on Evil law is law and Evil law is illegal.

A Quantitative Computational Method for Landslip Orientation of a Body Isolated from Bed Rock in Mountain by Using Spatial Analytic Geometry

The paper is going to give a quantitative computational method for “Landslip Orientation of a body isolated from bed rock in Mountain” only with spatial analytic geometry. The paper gives computational formulae in proper order for only landslip plane, just two landslip planes and just three landslip planes, and gives numerical examples. And the paper gives a general computational model for landslip orientation of m landslip planes. The author puts forward “Un-allowed Straight Angle Law”, “Critical Straight Angle Law” and “Allowed Straight Angle Law”. Finally, the author gives a project expression of a landslip plane on unit sphere.

刑事案件二审开庭难的理论反思

刑事二审开庭范围是2012年《刑事诉讼法》修改的重点内容,但囿于个案的消极影响、考核的指标主导等,时至今日,它仍然是“未完成的改革”。刑事二审开庭问题受到制度因素、实践因素和观念因素的制约,需要在优化和调整审批程序、考核指标的基础上,确立程序公正优先的价值目标,指导制度改革。2023年9月开展的为期一年的“促进提高刑事案件二审开庭率专项工作”已取得显著成效,为了巩固专项工作成果,避免考核指导下的数字泡沫和虚假繁荣,《刑事诉讼法》再修改进程中需要及时作出制度回应,形成规范化、科学化的制度设计:首先,应当充分体现正当程序与诉讼构造的指引,进而突破刑事二审开庭问题中制度因素、实践因素和观念因素的制约;其次,在刑事二审开庭范围的具体制度设计上,可以考虑由列举应当开庭的案件范围转变为列举可以不开庭的案件范围,进一步明确“以开庭为原则,以不开庭为例外”;最后,还需要构建起针对二审不开庭的上诉人权利救济途径和法律监督机制,为刑事二审开庭问题提供具有刚性的程序保障。

中国刑事诉讼法治现代化的进程与展望

作为中国式法治现代化的重要维度,刑事诉讼法治在习近平法治思想的引领下实现了现代化的理念更新。以人民群众的新期盼为目标,中国刑事诉讼法治在司法体制改革中推进现代化,通过司法体制综合配套改革、国家监察体制改革、以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,取得了影响深远的实践成就。在改革进程中,刑事诉讼的社会治理功能进一步发挥,人权保障作用更加凸显,国内法治、涉外法治得以统筹推进,执法司法中的顽瘴痼疾得到全面整治。但刑事诉讼法治仍然面临理论供给不足、诉讼资源分配制度不尽合理、权力监督制约架构相对薄弱、社会治理功能有待考察等现实困境。在未来需要从科学理论、知识增量、公正司法、能动司法等多个维度回应刑事诉讼法治现代化的需求。

习近平法治思想中的重大实践创新及形成机制

系统归纳、提炼习近平法治思想中的重大实践创新及其背后所遵循的理性生产机制具有重要意义。习近平法治思想实践创新的根本前提是习近平总书记在马克思主义实践观指引下,以政治家的高屋建瓴、思想家的磅礴力量对法治中国的形势与战略进行的准确分析和深刻判断。习近平法治思想中的重大实践创新主要表现在全面依法治国的思维方式重大创新、全面依法治国的总体布局重大创新、全面依法治国适应新时代鲜明特征的重大创新等三个方面,形成了具有原创性的实践创新机制。这些机制创新作用于典型场景,为全面依法治国发生历史性变革、取得历史性成就提供了重要保障。习近平法治思想实践创新具有重大意义与显著优势,在未来更多的法治课题上,习近平法治思想的实践创新伟力还将发挥更多的破题、引领作用,需要通过习近平法治思想中自主实践知识体系的转型来进一步把握未来各种法治实践场景中蕴含的新规律,推动知识转型。

没收的正义——基于《监察法》没收违法所得条款之诠释

《监察法》中的违法所得没收条款,系任何人不得因自身的不法行为获得利益原理的具体体现,不让贪腐分子因腐败获益、补充常规监察手段不足以及加强国际反腐败合作是其价值基础。从属性上看,违法所得没收程序是让利益状态恢复到违法之前的保安处分,属于典型的对物程序和缺席审判程序。违法所得没收程序的适用须符合特定的罪名范围要求,被调查人的状态要求,案件重大、复杂且有必要继续调查,以及没收财产范围等要求。为确保没收程序的合法正当,应加强对监察机关提出没收违法所得申请、检察机关向人民法院提出没收违法所得申请、人民法院进行司法审查等三个阶段的程序控制。

“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”突出优势的内涵、实践和效能

“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”充分彰显了中国特色社会主义法治体系的鲜明特点,是对人类政治文明发展的新贡献。从理论内涵而言,“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”是大国治理和大党治理更加协同高效的最佳途径,也是大国治理和大党治理在保障价值目标实现方面的最佳方式,开创了人类政治文明的新形态。从实践体现而言,“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”主要体现在坚持和加强党的领导、治国理政顶层设计、统筹党政机构等方面,并为在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴新征程上更好发挥其突出优势提供了重要保障。充分发挥“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”突出优势的治理效能,必须把加强党对全面依法治国的集中统一领导作为根本政治保证,把注重党内法规同国家法律的衔接协调作为主要抓手,把统筹推进执法执规体系建设作为基础工程。

深化以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革——以《刑事诉讼法》再修改为中心

以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革是党中央部署的推动刑事司法现代化的重大举措。改革实施以来,在诉讼理念、司法制度和庭审程序等方面取得了一定成效。但在2018年《刑事诉讼法》修改后,推进维度单一、制度集成不足、立法未能充分吸收等改革困境集中凸显。《刑事诉讼法》再修改是突破困境、深化改革的重要契机,应巩固改革成果,引领深化改革。本次修法可考虑通过总则确立原则、分则重设体例和公诉增添章节实现审判程序中心化;通过一审体例调整、配套制度调整、二审功能调整推动一审程序重心化;通过改革人民陪审员制度、优化庭前会议制度和规范庭审审理程序落实庭审程序实质化。

民事枉法裁判罪认定难点刍议

民事枉法裁判行为严重损害司法权威和司法公信力,伤害人民群众对司法公平正义的信任,是刑法严厉打击的对象。实务中在具体认定时需要解决三个方面的问题,一是本罪的主体包括未直接参与民事案件审理但对枉法结果的发生起到决定性作用的实质裁判者;二是判断行为人违背事实和法律作出枉法裁判的主观内容,可以从客观行为、裁判结果、认知水平三个维度进行考察综合判定;三是民事枉法裁判的发生往往始于“徇私情、徇私利”的主观动机,遵循这一引线考察行为人是否存在徇私情节—故意违背事实和法律—作出枉法裁判的行为逻辑,可以有效排除行为人关于自由裁量权的辩解,准确认定相关犯罪。

数字货币强制执行的问题与化解

我国法院迈向切实解决执行难的进程也是执行制度迈向适配数字金融治理的进程,强制执行的法定性、非抗辩性、要求协助性及惩防措施的准确性,与制度和技术之中的数字货币之隔阂是对数字货币强制执行的问题所在。作为金融创新的产物,私人数字货币为特定的虚拟财产,实体法应当明确,法院应依履行基础有无分别判决交付返还原物和返还财产性权益。此后强制执行中的执行标的是非金钱债权,为解决判决返还原物后的执行难,法院应建立与数字货币平台的联动执行机制。作为金融普惠的产物,央行数字货币是特殊种类物,此后强制执行中的执行标的是金钱债权,央行数字货币的执行查控和执行惩防机制应当得到完善。法院在对两类数字货币的强制执行中都应实现强制性和灵活性相结合、微观面向和宏观面向相统一。

论更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系的内涵及建设路径

在中国特色社会主义新时代,要进一步完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系,加快建设更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系。建设更加完善的法治体系是法治中国建设的总目标,也是法治中国建设的总抓手,更是法治中国建设的总依托。更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系的基本内容主要包括:明晰中央和地方立法的位阶及判断标准,构建规范高效可行的法律体系形式结构,构建政府职权法定的行政法律规范体系。建设更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系的主要路径是:建设与宪法相适应的党内法规体系,建设更加严格规范公正文明的执法体系,建设更加公正高效权威的司法审判体系,建设更加严密的社会主义法治监督体系。

人工智能时代我国刑事司法改革的双重使命

人工智能时代,我国刑事司法改革面临确保司法规律遵循和科学技术运用的双重使命。需要强化检察机关对侦查行为的监督,平衡侦查机关使用大数据技术与保护公民权利之间的关系;坚持控辩平等,并通过建立公共技术服务平台,实现控辩双方在数据获取上的权利平衡;在审判领域,应建立以审判为中心的诉讼制度,坚守法官中立性和决策核心地位,确保人工智能技术辅助的正确应用,同时注重算法的透明性和可解释性,并尊重被告人的选择权,合理限制人工智能辅助系统的案件适用范围。

论韩非的“理性官僚制”——兼与韦伯理论的比较

在秦帝国统一的前夜,韩非基于官僚体制日臻完善的社会情势,为实现官僚体制的有效运作提供了一套系统方案,蕴含着其实现清明吏治的卓绝努力。这一理论尝试比20世纪初马克斯·韦伯创立的“理性官僚制”领先两千多年。尽管韦伯的理论产生的历史背景与韩非有所不同,但其核心要旨在韩非思想中都已得到充分阐述。相比之下,韦伯的理论更多是在哲学层面提出的一些基本原则,而韩非的理论不仅有哲学原则的指导,更包含一整套科学而又可操作的吏治之道。虽然官僚制在历史实践中日趋走向僵化,但蕴含在官僚制理性基础之中的法治观念以及等级化、专业化等原则,在组织发展的任何阶段都是不可或缺的,因此,韩非的吏治之道依然值得大力借鉴。