Rigid elliptical cross-section ogive-nose projectiles penetration into concrete targets

The elliptical cross-section ogive-nose projectile(ECOP) has recently attracted attention because it is well suited to the flattened shape of earth-penetrating weapons. However, the penetration performance of ECOPs has not been completely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the penetration performance of ECOPs into concrete targets using a theoretical method. A general geometric model of ECOPs was introduced, and closed-form penetration equations were derived according to the dynamic cavity-expansion theory. The model was validated by comparing the predicted penetration depths with test data, and the maximum deviation was 15.8%. The increment in the penetration depth of the ECOP was evaluated using the proposed model, and the effect of the majoreminor axis ratio on the increment was examined. Additionally, the mechanism of the penetration-depth increment was investigated with respect to the caliber radius head, axial stress, and resistance.

Analysis of the mass of behind-armor debris generated by RHA subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section EFP

Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered;2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45- and the axial length of mushroom is considered.

Flow computations past a triangular boattailed projectile

This paper presents a computational study of the air flow past a triangular boattailed projectile.The study shows that there is a single normal shock wave impinges the projectile at transonic speeds.At supersonic speeds,the formed shock waves are smeared compared to a conical boattailed projectile.Also,there is a reduction of the wake region behind the triangular base and the rear stagnation point is nearer to the projectile base resulting in base drag reduction.Moreover,there is an improvement of the stability of the triangular boattailed projectile since a lower overturning moment is incurred.

Investigates on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Projectile with Triangular Cross Section

The aerodynamic characteristics of projectiles with triangular and circular cross sections are investigated respectively by use of free-flight experiment.Processed the experiment data,curves of flight velocity variation and nutation of both projectiles are obtained,based on the curves,their aerodynamic force and moment coefficients are found out by data fitting,and their aerodynamic performances are compared and analyzed.Results show that the projectile with triangular cross section has smaller resistance,higher lift-drag ratio,better static stability,higher stability capability and more excellent maneuverability than those of the projectile with circular cross section,therefore it can be used in the guided projectiles;under lower rotation speed,the triangular section projectile has greater Magnus moment leading to bigger projectile distribution.

Configurational information entropy analysis of fragment mass cross distributions to determine the neutron skin thickness of projectile nuclei

Configurational information entropy(CIE)analysis has been shown to be applicable for determining the neutron skin thickness(δnp)of neutron-rich nuclei from fragment production in projectile fragmentation reactions.The BNN+FRACS machine learning model was adopted to predict the fragment mass cross-sections(σ_(A))of the projectile fragmentation reactions induced by calcium isotopes from ^(36)Ca to ^(56)Ca on a ^(9)Be target at 140MeV/u.The fast Fourier transform was adopted to decompose the possible information compositions inσA distributions and determine the quantity of CIE(S_(A)[f]).It was found that the range of fragments significantly influences the quantity of S_(A)[f],which results in different trends of S_(A)[f]~δnp correlation.The linear S_(A)[f]~δnp correlation in a previous study[Nucl.Sci.Tech.33,6(2022)]could be reproduced using fragments with relatively large mass fragments,which verifies that S_(A)[f]determined from fragmentσAis sensitive to the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich isotopes.

三角形截面长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限靶的成坑分析

为研究三角形截面弹体在垂直侵彻半无限靶时的成坑特性,通过分析三角形截面弹体头部接触面上的横向力,得到弹体头部碎渣颗粒的运动状态。根据侵彻速度关系式推断弹体瞬时速度对弹坑截面形状及大小的影响规律。采用ANSYS-DYNA有限元软件对不同速度的三角形截面弹体垂直侵彻半无限靶全过程进行数值模拟,并进行实验验证。仿真结果与实验结果一致。结果显示,三角形截面弹体在撞击平面上的质点横向应力分布不均匀,3个角方向上的力最大,边长中点位置处最小,总体呈U形分布。弹体瞬时速度逐渐减小,弹坑形状由近似规则圆形逐渐变为近似三角形的3瓣圆弧,且其截面积不断减小。在1 400~1 800 m/s的速度范围内进行了长杆弹撞击实验。速度为1 790 m/s时,弹坑在靶板表面的直径和深度分别为40 mm和7 mm,弹坑形状近似圆形。速度为1 510 m/s时,弹坑在靶板表面的直径和深度分别为38 mm和5 mm,弹坑截面表现为圆弧三角形。

三角形截面弹丸的飞行性能研究

通过靶道试验对比,研究了三角截面杆弹和圆形截面弹的飞行性能.利用试验数据判读处理出弹丸的飞行速度降曲线和章动曲线,拟合得到弹芯的主要气动力和力矩系数,试验分析了三角形截面弹和圆形截面弹的气动特性和弹道性能.研究结果表明,三角截面杆弹具有较小的阻力特性和较好的飞行稳定性;在低转速条件下,三角截面杆弹具有较强的马格努斯效应,抗干扰能力较差;三角截面杆弹相对于圆形截面弹具有较大的升阻比、较好的机动性,三角形截面可应用于有控弹箭的外形.

三角形截面易碎穿甲弹靶后破碎特征

为研究三角形截面易碎穿甲弹的靶后破碎特征,以相同横截面积大小和杆长的圆形截面易碎穿甲弹为参照对象,对两种不同截面弹丸进行着靶速度为800~1 200 m/s和着靶角度为0~45°的靶后破碎特征试验,并采用AUTODYN分析软件对相同工况进行数值模拟。结果表明:三角形截面相较于圆形截面,弹丸的破片增量由800 m/s时的15.9%提高到1 000 m/s时的30.9%;随着靶角度的增大,三角形截面相较于圆形截面,弹丸的破片增量由0°着角时的29.0%减小到45°着角时的23.6%。试验与仿真结果吻合较好。

Cesium lead halide perovskite triangular nanorods as high-gain medium and effective cavities for multiphoton- pumped lasing

High-performance multiphoton-pumped lasers based on cesium lead halide perovskite nanostructures are promising for nonlinear optics and practical frequency upconversion devices in integrated photonics. However, the performance of such lasers is highly dependent on the quality of the material and cavity, which makes their fabrication challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that cesium lead halide perovskite triangular nanorods fabricated via vapor methods can serve as gain media and effective cavities for multiphoton-pumped lasers. We observed blue-shifts of the lasing modes in the excitation fluence-dependent lasing spectra at increased excitation powers, which fits well with the dynamics of Burstein-Moss shifts caused by the band filling effect. Moreover, efficient multiphoton lasing in CsPbBr3 nanorods can be realized in a wide excitation wavelength range （700-1,400 nm）. The dynamics of multiphoton lasing were investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, which indicated that an electron-hole plasma is responsible for the multiphoton-pumped lasing. This work could lead to new opportunities and applications for cesium lead halide perovskite nanostructures in frequency upconversion lasing devices and optical interconnect systems.

A controllable fabrication improved silicon nanowire array sensor on(111)SOI for accurate bio-analysis application

Silicon nanowire field-effect transistor(SiNW-FET)sensors possess the ability of rapid response,real-time,and label-free detection with high sensitivity and selectivity in the analysis of charged molecules.Their nano-scale size makes them well suited for ultralow detection of charged molecules,but also brings the uniformity fabrication challenging,thus limiting their large-scale application.By a horizontal control approach,highly controllable silicon nanowires arrays at the top of the silicon-on-insulator(SOI)wafer(T-SiNW)were developed in our previous work.To further improve the device uniformity,here a novel SiNW fabricated approach was carefully designed by the combination of horizontal and vertical control.The new silicon nanowires appeared at the bottom of the top silicon layer(B-SiNW).The B-SiNW has a relatively low requirement on the fabrication process and better device uniformity compared to T-SiNW.These improvements resulted in the B-SiNW device with a lower current fluctuation(4.1 nA with 5.1%variations)in the flowing liquid,compared to the T-SiNW device(4.4 nA with 11%variations).Further,in quantitative detection of 40 ng/mL MMP-9,the B-SiNW sensors provided larger signals and lower fluctuation(normalized average response value:0.57 with 4.2%variations),compared to the T-SiNW sensors(0.41 with 12.1%variations),thus indicating a more accurate bio-analysis application of the B-SiNW sensor.This work advances the nanowire sensor technology a step closer toward large-scale application to create stable sensing platforms in disease diagnosis and monitoring.

Synthesis of Vertically Oriented GaN Nanowires on a LiAlO_(2) Substrate via Chemical Vapor Deposition

Vertically oriented nanowires(NWs)of single-crystalline wurtzite GaN have been fabricated on a-LiAlO_(2)(100)substrate coated with a Au layer,via a chemical vapor deposition process at 1000℃ using gallium and ammonia as source materials.The GaN NWs grow along the nonpolar[10]direction with steeply tapering tips,and have triangular cross-sections with widths of 50100 nm and lengths of up to several microns.The GaN NWs are formed by a vapor liquid solid growth mechanism and the tapering tips are attributed to the temperature decrease in the final stage of the synthesis process.The aligned GaN NWs show blue-yellow emission originating from defect levels,residual impurities or surface states of the GaN NWs,and have potential applications in nanotechnology.