Analysis of Linear Triangular Elements for Convection-diffusion Problems by Streamline Diffusion Finite Element Methods

这份报纸被奉献给学习 superconvergence 优化散开为传送对流散开问题的有限元素方法。在里面[8 ] ，在条件下面那 h2 最佳的有限元素错误估计在 L2 标准被获得。然而，在现在的纸，一样的错误估计结果在更弱的条件下面被获得那 h。

An explicit finite volume element method for solving characteristic level set equation on triangular grids

Level set methods are widely used for predicting evolutions of complex free surface topologies,such as the crystal and crack growth,bubbles and droplets deformation,spilling and breaking waves,and two-phase flow phenomena.This paper presents a characteristic level set equation which is derived from the two-dimensional level set equation by using the characteristic-based scheme.An explicit finite volume element method is developed to discretize the equation on triangular grids.Several examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for calculating interface evolutions in time.The proposed level set method is also coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase immiscible incompressible flow analysis with surface tension.The Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem is used to test and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Development of quadrilateral spline thin plate elements using the B-net method

The quadrilateral discrete Kirchhoff thin plate bending element DKQ is based on the isoparametric element Q8, however, the accuracy of the isoparametric quadrilateral elements will drop significantly due to mesh distortions. In a previous work, we constructed an 8-node quadrilateral spline element L8 using the triangular area coordinates and the B- net method, which can be insensitive to mesh distortions and possess the second order completeness in the Cartesian co- ordinates. In this paper, a thin plate spline element is devel- oped based on the spline element L8 and the refined tech- nique. Numerical examples show that the present element indeed possesses higher accuracy than the DKQ element for distorted meshes.

The Numerical Integration of Discrete Functions on a Triangular Element

With the application of Hammer integral formulas of a continuous function on a triangular element, the numerical integral formulas of some discrete functions on the element are derived by means of decomposition and recombination of base functions. Hammer integral formulas are the special examples of those of the paper.

Finite Element Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Mixed Convection in a Lid-Driven Trapezoidal Enclosure Having Heated Triangular Block

A numerical research on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow in a lid-driven trapezoidal enclosure at non-uniform heating of bottom wall has been studied numerically. The enclosure consists of insulated top wall and cold side walls, too. It also contains a heated triangular block (Rot = 0° - 90°) located somewhere inside the enclosure. The boundary top wall of the enclosure is moving through uniform speed U0. The geometry of the model has been represented mathematically by coupled governing equations in accordance with proper boundary conditions and then a two-dimensional Galerkin finite element based numerical approach has been adopted to solve this paper. The numerical computations have been carried out for the wide range of parameters Prandtl number (0.5 ≤ Pr ≤ 2), Reynolds number (60 ≤ Re ≤ 120), Rayleigh number (Ra = 103) and Hartmann number (Ha = 20) taking with different rotations of heated triangular block. The results have been shown in the form of streamlines, temperature patterns or isotherms, average Nusselt number and average bulk temperature of the fluid in the enclosure at non-uniform heating of bottom wall. It is also indicated that both the streamlines, isotherm patterns strongly depend on the aforesaid governing parameters and location of the triangular block but the thermal conductivity of the triangular block has a noteworthy role on the isotherm pattern lines. Moreover, the variation of Nuav of hot bottom wall and θav in the enclosure is demonstrated here to show the characteristics of heat transfer in the enclosure.

Finite Element Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convection within Semi-Circular Top Enclosure with Triangular Obstacles

The phenomena of magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection in a two-dimensional semicircular top enclosure with triangular obstacle in the rectangular cavity were studied numerically. The governing differential equations are solved by using the most important method which is finite element method (weighted-residual method). The top wall is placed at cold Tc and bottom wall is heated Th. Here the sidewalls of the cavity assumed adiabatic. Also all the wall are occupied to be no-slip condition. A heated triangular obstacle is located at the center of the cavity. The study accomplished for Prandtl number Pr = 0.71;the Rayleigh number Ra = 103, 105, 5 × 105, 106 and for Hartmann number Ha = 0, 20, 50, 100. The results represent the streamlines, isotherms, velocity and temperature fields as well as local Nusselt number.

仿生平面三角形单元积分声场的波函数构造

波叠加法在求解声源外部辐射声场时,需要对所有离散单元进行数值积分计算导致计算效率较低,而等效源法由于过度简化单元始终存在较大的积分近似误差.针对以上缺陷,利用Helmholtz方程在球坐标系下的解构造了一种与单元积分等效且无需积分的波函数.受仿生复合材料三角形缝合结构启发,以适用范围最广的平面三角形单元为例,构造了波函数的一般形式和内推形式.最后,通过数值仿真对比了两种波函数与直接积分的计算声场的精度和效率.结果表明,两种波函数与直接积分的计算误差低于0.5%,且内推波函数的计算效率约为直接积分的6倍.

基于几种有限元时域积分法的三角桁架结构位移响应辨识准确性分析

本文推导了四种有限元时域积分法,并将其应用于三角桁架结构,进行位移识别响应的计算模拟和准确性分析.采用有限元法分别建立刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,确定时间步长大小,并根据模态叠加法的解来确定不同时域积分法的自由度位移误差计算.结果显示,通常情况下时间步长系数τ=1/3可以提供最佳的准确性.与其他方法相比,Wooram Kim两阶段显式时域积分法能够保证较高的位移识别准确性,在拐点处呈现小超调量,使其在模拟计算中具有较高的稳定性.

采棉机三角履带行走装置设计与仿真

为了适应长江、黄河流域棉区的棉花机械化采收需求,设计了一款采棉机三角履带行走装置。分析棉田工况、整车接地比压和车速等参数,确定了三角履带行走装置的主要技术参数;通过有限元分析,对基架、驱动轮和摆动销轴等关键部件进行了强度校核计算。结果表明:所设计结构与材料选用均能满足使用要求,单轮承载最高可达8 t。该装置可与原车轮胎快速互换,对于推进长江、黄河流域棉花收获机械化具有一定意义。

THE EFFECT OF AN ELASTIC TRIANGULAR INCLUSION ON A CRACK

The interaction between an elastic triangular inclusion and a crack is investigated. The problem is formulated using the boundary integral equations for traction boundary value problems derived by Chau and Wang as basic equations. By using the continuity condition of traction and displacement on interface as supplement equations, a set of equations for solving the interaction problem between an inclusion and a crack are obtained, which are solved by using a new boundary element method. The results in terms of stress intensity factors (SIFs) are calculated for a variety of crack_inclusion arrangements and the elastic constants of the matrix and the inclusion. The results are valuable for studying new composite materials.

THE DISPLACEMENT FUNCTION OF QUASI-CONFORMING ELEMENT AND ITS NODE ERROR

Based on the strain formulation of the quasi-conforming finite element, displacement functions are constructed which have definite physical meaning, and a conclusion can be obtained that the coefficients of the constant and the linear strain are uniquely determined, and the quasi-conforming finite element method is convergent to constant strain. There are different methods for constructing the rigid displacement items, and different methods correspond to different order node errors, and this is different from ordinary displacement method finite element.

基于三角形移动荷载的上承式拱桥换梁前后动力响应研究

某空腹式变截面悬链线上承式石砌拱桥桥面系纵梁病害严重,拟将空心板梁更换为钢箱梁。为研究换梁方案的合理性,采用MIDAS软件建立换梁前、后拱桥有限元模型,采用三角形移动荷载简化车辆模型,计算桥梁模态和临界速度,研究车速60、80、100 km/h时主梁关键截面的动力响应。结果表明:桥梁前4阶模态速度参数均小于1,不易发生共振;换梁前、后主梁材料和跨中位置支承形式不同,但跨中动力响应差异较小;换梁前跨中响应频率集中在桥梁第2阶固有频率,频率对应的竖向加速度频谱峰值较大,而换梁后跨中动力响应频率分布较分散,分别对应桥梁第2、5、8阶固有频率,频率对应的竖向加速度频谱峰值较小,换梁后桥梁振动形态更为多样化,有利于降低共振风险、分散能量分布、提高结构稳定性。换梁后桥梁动力响应极值均满足规范要求,且振动形态多样,空心板梁更换为钢箱梁方案合理、可行。

基于三角形网格的无量纲最小二乘有限元法及其应用

利用最小二乘有限元法计算二维流体场需要采用四边形网格,而仅采用四边形单元剖分含有角环、圆角和尖角等复杂结构的电力装备二维仿真模型时往往出现网格畸变。为此,提出了一种基于三角形网格实现最小二乘有限元的方法,即在三角形剖分网格上再处理得到四边形网格,从而实现最小二乘有限元法计算流体场。为验证所提方法的有效性,分别对方腔模型和带有角环等复杂结构的变压器单分区模型进行了数值计算,并分别与规则四边形网格下的最小二乘有限元法和Fluent计算结果进行对比。对比结果表明所提出的网格处理方法可以实现含有复杂结构电力装备的二维流体场仿真。

Error estimates of triangular mixed finite element methods for quasilinear optimal control problems

The goal of this paper is to study a mixed finite element approximation of the general convex optimal control problems governed by quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations. The state and co-state are approximated by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control is approximated by piecewise constant functions. We derive a priori error estimates both for the state variables and the control variable. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the theoretical results.

Triangular element partition method with consideration of crack tip

In fracture simulation,how to model the pre-existing cracks and simulate their propagation without remeshing is an important topic.The newly developed triangular element partition method(TEPM)provides an efficient approach to this problem.It firstly meshes the cracked body regardless of the geometry integrity of the interesting object with triangular elements.After the meshing procedure is completed,some elements are intersected by cracks.For the element intersected by a crack,the TEPM takes the element partition technique to incorporate the discontinuity into the numerical model without any interpolation enrichment.By this approach,the TEPM can simulate fracture without mesh modification.In the TEPM,all the cracked elements are treated as the usual partitioned elements in which the crack runs through.The virtual node pairs(the intersection points of crack faces and elements)at the opposite faces of the crack move independently.Their displacements are respectively determined by their neighbor real nodes(nodes formatted in the original mesh scheme)at the same side of the crack.However,among these cracked elements,the element containing a crack tip,referred to as the crack tip element thereafter,behaves differently from those cut through by the crack.Its influence on the singular field at the vicinity of the fracture tip becomes increasingly significant with the element size increasing.In the crack tip element,the virtual node pair at the crack tip move consistently before fracture occurs while the virtual node pair separate and each virtual node moves independently after the fracture propagates.Accordingly,the crack tip element is automatically transformed into the usual partitioned element.In the present paper,the crack tip element is introduced into the TEPM to account for the effect of the crack tip.Validation examples indicate that the present method is almost free from the element size effect.It can reach the same precision as the conventional finite element method under the same meshing scheme.But the TEPM is much more efficient and convenient than the conventional finite element method because the TEPM avoids the troubles that the conventional finite element method suffers,e.g.,the meshing problem of cracked body,modification of mesh scheme,etc.Though the extended finite element method can also avoid these troubles,it introduces extra degrees of freedom due to node interpolation enrichment.Due to the simplicity of the present TEPM,it is believed that its perspective should be highly inspiring.

A New Triangular Spectral Element Method II: Mixed Formulation and hp-Error Estimates

Mixed triangular spectral element method using nodal basis on unstructured meshes is investigated in this paper.The method is based on equivalent first order system of the elliptic problem and rectangle-triangle transforms.It fully enjoys the ten-sorial structure and flexibility in handling complex domains by using nodal basis and unstructured triangular mesh.Different from the usual Galerkin formulation,the mixed form is particularly advantageous in this context,since it can avoid the singularity in-duced by the rectangle-triangle transform in the calculation of the matrices,and does not require the evaluation of the stiffness matrix.An hp a priori error estimate is pres-ented for the proposed method.The implementation details and some numerical exam-ples are provided to validate the accuracy and flexibility of the method.

Efficient SVV stabilized triangular spectral element methods for incompressible flows of high Reynolds numbers

In this paper,we propose a spectral vanishing viscosity method for the triangular spectral element computation of high Reynolds number incompressible flows.This can be regarded as an extension of a similar stabilization technique for the standard spectral element method.The difficulty of this extension lies in the fact that a suitable definition of spectral vanishing viscosity operator in non-structured elements does not exist,and it is not clear that if a suitably defined spectral vanishing viscosity provides desirable dissipation for the artificially accumulated energy.The main contribution of the paper includes:1)a well-defined spectral vanishing viscosity operator is proposed for non-standard spectral element methods for the Navier-Stokes equations based on triangular or tetrahedron partitions;2)an evaluation technique is introduced to efficiently implement the stabilization term without extra computational cost;3)the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is carefully examined through several numerical examples.Our numerical results show that the proposed method not only preserves the exponential convergence,but also produces improved accuracy when applied to the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations having smooth solutions.Especially,the stabilized triangular spectral element method efficiently stabilizes the simulation of high Reynolds incompressible flows.

基于二次二阶矩法的三角挂篮可靠度分析

为保证桥梁结构的安全施工,评估桥梁工程中常用的施工机械三角挂篮的安全水平极为重要。鉴于此,本文以某桥梁工程中三角挂篮为例,结合二次二阶矩法对三角挂篮主桁结构开展了可靠度分析。分析结果表明:三角挂篮前斜杆可靠指标最低,其可靠指标β=4.233,前弦杆的可靠指标最高,其可靠指标β=5.602,建议采用前斜杆可靠指标来衡量三角挂篮可靠度水平,同时在保证安全的前提下对前弦杆进行截面优化;此外,参考《公路工程结构可靠度统一标准》(GB T50283—1999),算例中三角挂篮β=4.233>3.7,能较好满足规范要求的目标可靠度水平,具有一定的施工安全储备。

基于MATLAB三维数字地形图在库区冲淤分析中的应用

根据现状大多数水库库区水下地形复杂、缺乏详尽地形资料的特点,提出了基于MATLAB的两种地形高程插值方法,并阐述了综合运用这两种插值方法制作库区三维数字地形图及误差分析方法.通过应用实例分析结果表明,这种方法适合现状水库地形测量资料,操作简单,程序实现容易,所得三维数字地形图可以满足工程上对水库冲淤分析计算的精度要求.

岩土参数随机场离散的三角形单元局部平均法

将不确定性岩土参数建模为随机场而非传统意义上的随机变量,基于随机场的局部平均理论,提出了用于二维随机场离散的三角形单元局部平均法。通过面积坐标变换和高斯数值积分,给出了三角形单元局部平均随机场协方差矩阵的解析计算方法和数值计算方法。采用算例再现了所提方法的分析过程和有效性,并与传统二维随机场四边形单元离散法进行了对比。结果表明:提出的二维随机场三角形单元离散法能与有限元三角形单元离散法完美结合,随机场单元与有限元单元的对应关系清晰,易于随机有限元程序的编制;对于随机场单元的均值,传统四边形单元离散法与所提方法的计算结果相同;对于随机场单元的方差,传统四边形单元离散法计算结果偏小,所提方法显得更加科学、合理。