Primary sebaceous carcinoma of lacrimal gland: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Primary sebaceous carcinoma of lacrimal gland(SCLG) is extremely rare. Due to its clinical characteristics, it is often misdiagnosed. It is known to be aggressive so delay in diagnosis can increase the chance of local recurrence and metastasis. We report a case of primary SCLG.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was referred with a painful swelling in the right eyelid. Computed tomography scan demonstrates a 2.6 cm mass in upper outer quadrant of right orbit. After the incisional biopsy of the mass, he was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of lacrimal gland. A right orbital exenteration, cervical lymph node dissection was performed. There was no involvement of the overlying periorbital skin, eyelid, or conjunctiva. Histological examination of the exenteration specimen showed tumor arising from the lacrimal gland, which had been entirely replaced by sebaceous carcinoma with sarcomatous and squamous differentiation. Neoplastic cells which were large and contained prominent nucleoli. Focal tumor remained in the posterior resection margin. Patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, total dose of 56 Gy with doseper-fraction 2 Gy to primary lesion. There has been no sign of recurrence until 2-years follow-up.CONCLUSION We report a rare case of sebaceous carcinoma arising from the lacrimal gland. Accurate diagnosis of SCLG is important for appropriate treatment and prognosis prediction.

Diagnostic pitfall of sebaceous gland metaplasia of the esophagus

We investigated the sebaceous gland metaplasia(SGM) of the esophagus and clarified the evidence of misdiagnosis and its diagnosis pitfall. Cases of pathologically proven SGM were enrolled in the clinical analysis and reviewed description of endoscope. In the current study, we demonstrated that SGM is very rare esophageal condition with an incidence around 0.00465% and an occurrence rate of 0.41 per year. There were 57.1% of senior endoscopists identified 8 episodes of SGM. In contrast, 7.7% of junior endoscopists identified SGM in only 2 episodes. Moreover, we investigated the difference in endoscopic biopsy attempt rate between the senior and junior endoscopist(P = 0.0001). The senior endoscopists had more motivation to look for SGM than did junior endoscopists(P = 0.01). We concluded that SGM of the esophagus is rare condition that is easily and not recognized in endoscopy studies omitting pathological review.

Human Sebaceous <i>Cis</i>-6-Hexadecenoic Acid: Possible Application of an Innate Antimicrobial Substance to Cosmetic Products for Mucous Membrane

The antimicrobial properties of cis-6-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δ6), a component of the innate human metabolome, were studied and its application to cosmetic products was investigated in detail. A variety of the resident and transient microbial flora of the skin, oral cavity, and intestine was applied to an investigation of the antimicrobial activity of C16:1Δ6. C16:1Δ6 showed selective antibacterial activity against human microbial pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens (one of the most common causes of food poisoning) and Streptococcus mutans (one of the tooth-decaying bacteria), as well as Staphylococcus aureus. C16:1Δ6 seemed to possess a “species-selective” antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Clostridium. We performed a preliminary assessment of the application of C16:1Δ6 as an antimicrobial component in a liquid lip gloss by performing preservation efficacy and home-use tests. We noted that the amount of p-hydroxybenzoate was needed in an oily cosmetic, especially liquid lip gloss, could be reduced by replacing p-hydroxybenzoate with C16:1Δ6. We suggest that C16:1Δ6 may find application as a stable antimicrobial substance gentle enough for use in consumer products by its selective antimicrobial characteristics.

Telomerase expression in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid

Background In humans telomerase is expressed in most ca ncers and immortal cell lines, and astivation of telomerase may play important r oles in tumorigenesis and immortalization. This study was to investigate the rol es of telomerase activity (TA) and human telomerase RNA (hTR) in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Methods The telomerase repeated amplification protocal (TRAP) was used to demonstrate telomerase activity in 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. In situ hybridiza tion (ISH) was used to demonstrate the expression of hTR in 55 cases of paraffin-embedded sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, and the results were compared with the proliferative index determined by Mib-1 immuno-labeling, histological patterns and r ecurrence of the tumor.Results Different telomerase activity was shown in the 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. The positive expression of hTR was 85.5% (47/55) in tumor cells, but not in the adjacent tissues. The positive expression of hTR was correlated with the proliferative activity (as assessed by Mib-1 immunolabelling, r=0.942, P<0.001) and the dif ferentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid (χ 2=17.621, P<0.001), but not si gnificantly related to tumor recurrence. The level of hTR expression increased with the de crease of differentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Conclusions The results suggest that the up-regulation of telo merase expression plays some roles in tarsal gland carcinogenesis, and the express ion of hTR is a useful marker for malignant degree of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.

Primary or metastatic lung cancer?Sebaceous carcinoma of the thigh:A case report

BACKGROUND Sebaceous carcinoma(SC),a malignancy primarily characterized by aggressive growth,affects cutaneous tissues of the periocular region.Extraocular SC is extremely rare,especially in the extremities,as evidenced by only a handful of reported cases.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging swelling on the left inner thigh,which was initially misdiagnosed as a subcutaneous abscess.The lesion had appeared two months prior to admission.Clinical examination revealed a cauliflower-like swollen content,with an ulcerated and infected mass located on his left thigh.At the same time,we observed solitary nodular lesions in his lungs and brain,with biopsy pathology of the lung lesions found to be consistent with the mass in the thigh.The patient received chemotherapy comprising cis-platinum with fluorouracil,followed by targeted therapy with anlotinib hydrochloride and chemotherapy with vinorelbine,implantation of iodine-125 seeds in the thigh and pulmonary tumor.The initial stage intervention achieved partial remission.The efficacy of maintenance treatment was evaluated as stable disease after the first 5 cycles;however,the patient developed a new brain lesion after the sixth cycle of treatment,which resulted in progressive disease and he received whole brain gamma knife radiotherapy.CONCLUSION We analyzed the clinical presentation,imaging features,pathology and treatment of a rare case of lung,brain and lymph node metastasis of SC located in the thigh.It is evident that cis-platinum combined with fluorouracil,vinorelbine combined with anlotinib hydrochloride may be an effective therapeutic regimen in advanced SC.However,brain metastatic lesions should receive early radiotherapy.

Dermoscopy Features of Trichofolliculoma: A Case Report

Introduction:Trichofolliculoma characterized clinically by the presence of acentral dilated pore with tufted hairs and corresponds histologically to a central primary follicle and many secondary vellus hair follicles originating from it.Thus far,dermoscopy dascription of trichofolliculoma has been lacking.Here,we describe a typical case of trichofolliculoma,particularly the special manifestation under the dermoscopy.Case presentation:A 29-year-old man complained a five-year history of a nodule containing a central whitish hair plug on his left tempus.Dermoscopic examination revealed a well-defined,yellow macule with a central whitish hair plug surrounded by dilated capillaries,and histopathological analysis was consistent with trichofolliculoma.Discussion:The findings of dermoscopy were also vary,which may be affected by the origin of the disease,various phases of the hair cycle,depth of the lesion,and even external stimulus.Conclusion:Diagnosis of trichofolliculoma is sometimes difficult because the presence of the central crater and visible hairs is low,and dermoscopy examination may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool.

Mutations in TP53, ZNF750, and RB1 typify ocular sebaceous carcinoma

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) of the eyelid is a rare but aggressive malignancy, accounting for 3%—5% of eyelid malignancies in the United States, and up to 35% in Asian populations (Deprez and Uffer, 2009;Xu et al., 2018;Yu et al., 2018). It is frequently mistaken for benign conditions or less aggressive malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma (Muqit et al., 2013), and the effects of delay in diagnosis can be devastating to patients. Aggressive surgical resection is the primary treatment of these tumors and often invoIves orbital exenteration with significant morbidity to patients, and these tumors frequently recur, with local recurrence rate as high as 18%. Importantly, this disease has a high metastatic potential, and there are very limited data guiding systemic treatment options;ultimately 6%—18% of patients diagnosed with SC of the eyelid succumb to metastatic disease (Zurcher et al., 1998;Shields et al., 2004).

MLH1 c.199G>A, a Known Mutation for Lynch Syndrome, Is Also Associated with Sebaceous Neoplasm

Introduction:Muir-Torre syndrome is a phenotypic variant of Lynch syndrome characterized by a predisposition for the development of visceral malignant disease and sebaceous gland neoplasms,and it is caused by germline mutations in the mismatch repair genesMSH2 andMLH1.Case presentation:The proband was a 42-year-old man who had undergone surgical resection of colorectal adenocarcinoma at 28 years.He presented with macular rashes and red papule.Histological examination of the lesion on his head revealed a sebaceoma at 37 years.Follow-up of the family history revealed that the proband’s 65-year-old mother had been highly suspected to have Lynch syndrome with colorectal cancer at 40 years of age.The proband’s daughter underwent colonoscopy because of blood in the stool at the age of 13 years,but no abnormalities were found.Discussion:We have herein reported a pathogenic missense mutation c.199G>A(p.Gly67Arg)in exon 2 ofMLH1 in patients with MTS.This mutation has been reported in patients with Lynch syndrome who have no skin tumors.However,we also found that some patients with MTS had no history of any internal malignancy or skin tumor.Our data support the idea that a hiatus of many years may pass before both elements-a sebaceous neoplasm and an internal cancer-are present in a patient,thus finally allowing the diagnosis of MTS.Conclusion:A pathogenic Lynch syndrome mutation c.199G>A in exon 2 of theMLH1 gene was found in a patient with MTS who presented with a sebaceous neoplasm.

Sebaceous Carcinoma in the Parotid Gland, Report of a Case

皮脂腺癌是一种罕见的侵袭性皮肤肿瘤。它可以发生在任何存在皮脂腺的部位。这种肿瘤具有侵袭性的临床病程 ,常出现局部复发和远处转移。本文报告了一例伴有溃疡表现的腮腺皮脂腺癌。对肿瘤进行手术切除及舌骨上颈淋巴清扫术 。

Sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland:A case report

BACKGROUND Sebaceous lymphadenoma is a benign tumor that occurs rarely in the salivary glands,most commonly in the parotid glands or periparotid lymph nodes,and even more rarely undergoes malignant transformation into a sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We report an 82-year-old woman who presented with a painless mass in the right parotid region.We performed extended surgical resection of the parotid gland mass.Intraoperative pathology revealed a sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma with metastasis into the periparotid cervical lymph nodes,so we also performed neck dissection and lymph node resection.Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis.The literature review revealed that this was the seventh reported case of sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma and the second reported case of cervical lymph node metastasis and infiltration of the skin of the parotid gland.CONCLUSION Treatment of sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma depends on the typing and clinical staging of the cancer.Extensive resection is the first choice,and adjuvant radiotherapy should be given to patients with high-grade tumors or those at an advanced clinical stage.

Pathogenic genes of nevus sebaceous and its associated diseases

Introduction Nevus sebaceous (NS), also known as nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn, is a congenital sebaceous hyperplasia or organoid nevus. This benign congenital hamartoma is composed of abnormal epidermal and dermal com-ponents. The hamartomatous lesions, usually clinically present at birth, are most frequently distributed on areas with sebaceous glands, especially the scalp and face(1)NS originates from pluripotent primordial epithelial germ tissue and occurs in approximately 0.1%of newborns.

乳腺具有皮脂腺结构的浸润性癌

目的探讨乳腺具有皮脂腺结构的浸润性癌的临床病理特点、免疫表型、鉴别诊断、分子特点及预后。方法收集江苏省江阴市中医院病理科2023年诊断的1例具有皮脂腺结构的乳腺癌的临床病理资料,行免疫标记、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和二代测序(NGS)检测,并复习相关文献。结果患者女性,42岁,因“右乳肿块”就诊,镜下见两型细胞,一型为巢周分布的未分化细胞,胞质少;另一型为皮脂腺样细胞,具有丰富的空泡状胞质,高级别核,核仁显著,核分裂象异常活跃,达39个/10HPF。可见原位病变及小叶癌化。免疫组化ER及PR阴性,AR及CD15阳性,HER2无过表达,p53突变型,Ki-67增殖指数70%~80%,错配修复蛋白检测(MLH1、MSH2、MSH6、PMS2)无缺失表达。BRCA1/2未见胚系突变,BRCA1体细胞突变,TP53突变。结论乳腺具有皮脂腺结构的浸润性癌罕见,属于乳腺癌非特殊类型范畴,诊断需结合组织形态学、免疫表型综合考虑,分子检测显示TP53伴随BRCA1基因突变。

点阵激光联合重组牛碱性细胞生长因子治疗皮脂腺增生62例疗效观察

目的观察Profile铒激光治疗皮脂腺增生的效果。方法对62例皮脂腺增生患者采用Profile超级平台铒激光模式进行治疗,并对资料进行回顾性分析。结果62例患者痊愈49例,显效11例,无效2例,总有效率为96.77%。术后瘢痕发生率为6.45%,3~6个月渐平复。暂时性色素改变1~3个月后均自行消退.随访6个月后治疗区未见复发。结论Profile铒激光治疗皮脂腺增生总体疗效较好,安全有效,不良反应小,值得临床推广应用。

内源性大麻素系统对皮脂腺功能的调控作用研究进展

皮脂腺(sebaceous glands)的基本生理功能是产生皮脂以滋润皮肤和毛发,加强皮肤的屏障功能,控制皮肤表面微生物的生长,并参与调节皮肤炎症和免疫应答。皮脂腺的功能失调在痤疮、脂溢性皮炎、特应性皮炎等常见皮肤病的发病机制中起着重要作用。内源性大麻素系统(endocannabinoid system)是一种复杂的稳态调控信号网络,由内源性大麻素、大麻素受体、以及参与内源性大麻素转运、合成和降解的酶组成。近年的研究发现内源性大麻素系统的各组分在皮脂腺中都有表达,并且参与皮脂腺功能的调控,表明其在皮脂腺功能障碍相关皮肤病防治中具有潜在应用前景。本文就内源性大麻素系统对皮脂腺功能的调控作用研究进展进行综述。

癸二酸溶解度、介稳区及晶体生长速率的测定

旨在促进癸二酸的连续化生产,采用动态法测定癸二酸在289.25~373.15 K范围的溶解度,采用聚焦光束反射测量技术测定了癸二酸在333.15~353.15 K的介稳区,研究了饱和温度和降温速率对介稳区的影响以及过饱和度与晶体生长速率的关系。结果表明:癸二酸的溶解度随着温度的升高而增大;癸二酸的介稳区随饱和温度的增大而变窄,随降温速率的增大而变宽;癸二酸在水溶液中的晶体生长速率与晶体粒度大小无关,与过饱和度呈线性增长关系,生长速率常数为3.611×10^(-6)g/(m^(2)·s),生长级数为1.498。

中医情志护理联合三花膏治疗颜面部感染未化脓皮脂腺囊肿的临床疗效观察

目的探讨中医情志护理联合三花膏治疗颜面部感染未化脓皮脂腺囊肿的临床效果。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月南昌市洪都中医院收治的60例颜面部感染未化脓皮脂腺囊肿患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(30例)和观察组(30例)。对照组采用常规护理结合本院自制制剂三花膏外敷,观察组加用中医情志护理,比较两组疼痛程度、皮损程度、生活质量及血清学指标。结果观察组干预后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、皮损程度评分及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平低于对照组,健康调查简表(SF-36)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中医情志护理联合三花膏治疗可有效控制颜面部感染未化脓皮脂腺囊肿发展,缓解其疼痛,减轻炎症反应及皮损程度,提高生活质量,临床应用价值较高。

痤疮治疗的研究进展

痤疮是一种毛囊皮脂腺单位的慢性炎症性皮肤病,各种年龄阶段均可发病,青少年最常见。痤疮的发病是多因素造成的,其发病率高且易复发,严重者会遗留瘢痕,这对青少年的身心都存在着很大的影响。因此,早期进行饮食控制、养成良好习惯和及时治疗痤疮可以减少痤疮发病率、减少瘢痕的形成。目前临床治疗痤疮的方法也各式各样,主要有一般治疗、外用药物治疗、系统药物治疗、物理治疗、化学治疗,其中包括中医、西医治疗。

癸二酸二苯基二酰肼调控扩链改性聚乳酸的性能

使用成核剂癸二酸二苯基二酰肼(ST-NAB3)调控扩链剂苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)改性聚乳酸(PLA)化学接枝产物(C-PLA)的性能,并采用超临界CO_(2)制备了C-PLA-ST-NAB3发泡材料。利用偏振光学显微镜和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、旋转流变仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究了不同ST-NAB3含量的C-PLA结晶性能、热性能、流变性能和发泡材料的微观结构。结果表明,ST-NAB3的加入能够显著提高C-PLA的结晶速率,减小晶体尺寸,同时增大晶体密度。随着ST-NAB3含量的增加,C-PLA的结晶度由3.2%提高到20.2%,其含量为0.3%(质量分数,下同)和0.4%时,在不同发泡温度下均能制得泡孔尺寸均一的C-PLA-ST-NAB3发泡材料。

微氧生化-生物接触氧化法对癸二酸废水的处理特性研究

癸二酸废水属于典型难降解工业废水,废水处理难度大,且富含的高硫酸盐极易被还原为硫化氢释放,导致环境污染。采用微氧生化-生物接触氧化工艺处理癸二酸废水,考察其对难降解工业废水的处理特性。结果表明,当进水负荷逐渐趋于稳定,在进水COD 4500~5500 mg/L、挥发酚150~200 mg/L的情况下,经微氧生化-生物接触氧化工艺处理后,出水COD<400 mg/L,挥发酚<0.5 mg/L。系统中出水硫化物质量浓度均低于0.2 mg/L,表明系统内不易产生H2S。在微氧段构建及启动阶段,伴随着DO升高,出水浊度不断降低;当整体工艺连续稳定运行时,系统除浊率保持在70%~90%之间,表明整体工艺对降低出水浊度有很好的效果。系统中MLSS 6000~8000 mg/L,SVI 100~150 mL/g,表明系统中污泥沉降性较好。系统运行稳定性评价表明系统具有较强的抗负荷冲击能力和耐盐度变化能力,可广泛应用于难降解工业废水的治理中。

复方石榴皮药膜对金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑形态学及雄激素受体表达的影响

目的:观察复方石榴皮药膜对金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑大小、组织形态及雄激素受体的影响,探讨其在痤疮治疗中的作用机制。方法:将15只天生具有雄激素依赖性的雄性金黄地鼠随机分为空白组、阳性对照组、药膜组,每组5只。分别于两侧皮脂腺斑处涂抹蒸馏水、0.025%维A酸乳膏、复方石榴皮药膜,连续给药28 d,于第0、14、28天测量金黄地鼠双侧皮脂腺斑面积大小并取部分皮脂腺斑行组织病理检测,免疫组织化学检查雄激素受体(AR)表达水平。结果:药膜组给药第14、28天分别与给药前比较,皮脂腺斑面积减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阳性对照组给药第28天与给药第14天比较,皮脂腺斑面积减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给药第28天,药膜组与阳性对照组皮脂腺斑面积大小比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给药第28天,与空白组比较,药膜组、阳性对照组皮脂腺斑厚度减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);药膜组、阳性对照组皮脂腺斑AR表达减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:复方石榴皮药膜可减小金黄地鼠痤疮模型皮脂腺斑面积、减轻皮脂腺斑厚度,其作用机理可能与抑制雄激素受体表达有关。