Coupling non-isothermal trickle-bed reactor with catalyst pellet models to understand the reaction and diffusion in gas oil hydrodesulfurization

In this work,a trickle-bed reactor coupled with catalyst pellet model is employed to understand the effects of the temperature and catalyst pellet structures on the reaction-diffusion behaviors in gas oil hydrodesulfurization(HDS).The non-isothermal reactor model is determined to be reasonable due to non-negligible temperature variation caused by the reaction heat.The reaction rate along the reactor is mainly dominated by the temperature,and the sulfur concentration gradient in the catalyst pellet decreases gradually along the reactor,leading to the increased internal effectiveness factor.For the fixed catalyst bed volume,there exists a compromise between the catalyst reaction rate and effectiveness factor.Under commonly studied catalyst pellet size of 0.8-3 mm and porosity of 0.4-0.8,an optimization of the temperature and catalyst pellet structures is carried out,and the optimized outlet sulfur content decreases to 7.6 wppm better than the commercial level at 0.96 mm of the catalyst pellet size and 0.40 of the catalyst porosity.

Upgrading Siberian(Russia) crude oil by hydrodesulfurization: Kinetic parameter estimation in a trickle-bed reactor

Hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of sour crude oil is an effective way to address the corrosion problems in refineries and is an economic way to process sour crude oil in an existing refinery built for sweet oil.Siberian crude oil transported through the Russia-China pipeline could be greatly sweetened and could be refined directly in local refinery designed for Daqing crude oil after the effective HDS treatment.In this study,the HDS of Siberian crude oil was carried out in a continuous flow isothermal trickle-bed reactor over Ni-Mo/γ-Al_2 O_(3).The effects of temperature,pressure and LHSV were investigated in the ranges of 320-360℃,3-5 MPa and 0.5-2 h^(-1),keeping constant hydrogen to oil ratio at 600 L·L^(-1).The HDS conversion could be up to 92.89% at the temperature of 360℃, pressure of 5 MPa,and LHSV of 0.5 h^(-1), which is sufficient for local refineries(>84%).A three phase heterogeneous model was established to analyze the performance of the trickle-bed reactor based on the two-film theory using Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.The order of sulfur component is estimated as 1.28,and the order of hydrogen is 0.39.By simulating the reactor using the established model,the concentration of H_(2), H_(2) S and sulfur along the catalyst bed is discussed.The model is significantly useful for industrial application with respect to reactor analysis,optimization and reactor design,and can provide further insight of the HDS of Siberian crude oil.

Liquid Phase Catalytic Oxidation of Aqueous Solutions That Contain Organic Matter in a Trickle-Bed Reactor

In this study, catalytic wet air oxidation of wastewater that contains organic matter (phenol) is investigated in a laboratory scale trickle-bed reactor. The aim of this project is to determine the optimum operating conditions for the reaction of phenol in the wastewater with oxygen using a catalyst. For this purpose, the effects of temperature, gas flow rate, liquid space velocity and initial concentration of phenol on the conversion of phenol at constant pressure and the effect of pressure on the conversion of phenol at constant temperature are investigated. An industrial copper chromite catalyst was used in the experimental studies. It is seen from the experimental results, conversion of phenol increases with increasing temperature, pressure, gas flow rate and liquid space velocity;and also, it is seen that conversion of phenol decreases with increasing initial concentration of phenol. The conversion of phenol reaches at 130?C and 4 bar to 40%. It was also found that, 3 ppm copper amount was determined from the exit stream of the reactor. This result shows that cupper placed in the structure of the catalyst, mixes with the liquid stream during the reaction.

CORRELATION BETWEEN HYSTERESIS OF GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER AND LIQUID DISTRIBUTION IN A TRICKLE BED

The hysteresis of gas-liquid mass transfer rate and the corresponding radial liquiddistribution in a trickle bed reactor are measured to provide evidence for the correlation between thesetwo behaviors.Experimental results indicate that the hysteresis of gas-liquid mass transfer originatesfrom the nonuniformity of the hydrodynamic state of gas-liquid flow and the radial maldistributionof local kgia corresponds very well to the radial maldistribution of liquid flow in the bed.The localliquid flow rate is also found to be nonuniform in the azimuthal direction.In view of maldistributedliquid flow even in the pulsing flow regime,the conventional plug flow model seems oversimplifiedfor describing the behavior of a trickle bed.

Development of a new continuous process for the production of 3,5-dimethylpiperidine

This paper developed a new clean continuous process for the hydrogenation of 3,5-dimethylpyridine(DPY)to 3,5-dimethylpiperidine(DPI)without solvent.A series of Ru/C catalysts were prepared by impregnation method,which were characterized by the BET,ICP,CO chemisorptions,XRD,SEM,EDS,TEM and TG.The effect of active species,loading,catalyst support,reaction temperature and pressure on the catalytic performance was investigated.The influence of internal and external diffusion in the trickle-bed reactor(TBR)was basically eliminated by adjusting the particle size and dosage of the Ru/C catalyst.The reaction performance of the hydrogenation of DPY to DPI in the TBR and kettle reactor(KR)was compared,and the superiority of the TBR process was analyzed.The results show that this new continuous process developed in this study is an efficient way to realize the hydrogenation of DPY to DPI,and has a good industrial application prospect.