三色堇(Viola tricolor L.)生物学特性及栽培管理

三色堇是重要的园林绿化植物,近年来对其研究较多,文章从三色堇的生物学特性、栽培及病虫害防治方面进行概述。

菌株Marasmius tricolor 310b发酵粗酶液对3种染料脱色效果的研究

为探索分离自青藏高原高寒草地产漆酶新真菌菌株Marasmius tricolor 310b对苯甲烷类、蒽醌类和偶氮类染料的脱色效果,采用摇瓶发酵法获得漆酶粗酶液进行脱色实验。结果表明菌株Marasmius tricolor 310b漆酶发酵粗酶液都能够有效的降解溴甲酚绿(苯甲烷类)、茜素红(蒽醌类)、刚果红(偶氮类) 3种染料,但降解效果有所差异,其中,以苯甲烷类染料脱色作用最优。另发现菌株Marasmius tricolor 310b发酵粗酶液对3种染料的降解程度与波长和反应时间有直接关系,随着反应时间的延长,降解效率有不同程度提高。我们的研究初步揭示了新菌株Marasmius tricolor 310b发酵粗酶液对苯甲烷类、蒽醌类、偶氮类具有明显的脱色效果,这一发现对于更新具有脱色效果的真菌资源库有一定的理论支持。

Sesquiterpenoids and an ergosterol from cultures of the fungus Daedaleopsis tricolor

Four new bisabolane sesquiterpenoids daedatrins A-D(1-4),a cadinane sesquiterpene 12-hydroxy-α-cadinol(5),and a heptanorergosterane derivative daedatrin G(6)were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Daedaleopsis tricolor.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D NMR techniques and X-ray crystallography.All the compounds showed no significant activity against five human cancer cell lines.

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Plants synthesize the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB) via choline→betaine aldehyde→glycine be- taine[1]. Two enzymes are involved in the pathway choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). A full length CMO cDNA (1,643bp) was cloned from Amaranthus tricolor. The open reading frame encoded a 442-amino acid polypeptide, which showed 69% identity with CMOs in Spina- cia oleracea L. and Beta vulgaris L. DNA gel blot analysis indicated the presence of one copy of CMO gene in the A. tricolor genome. The expressions of CMO and BADH proteins in A.tricolor leaves significantly increased under salinization, drought and heat stress (42℃), as determined by immunoblot analysis, but did not respond to cold stress (4℃), or exogenous ABA application. The increase of GB content in leaves was parallel to CMO and BADH contents.

Effects of Copper on the Photosynthesis and Oxidative Metabolism of Amaranthus tricolor Seedlings

The objective of the present study was to gain better insight into the physiological mechanisms on the effects of copper (Cu) on photosynthesis and active oxygen metabolism in three-colored amaranth plant (Amaranthus tricolor). Three- colored amaranth seedlings were subjected to different Cu levels in soils during the entire experimental period. The parameters of growth, photosynthesis, mineral elements contents, and active oxygen metabolism were investigated using plant physiological methods. The results showed that 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg-1 treatments decreased the whole plant biomass to 91 and 73% of the control, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the stomatal conductance (gs) were similarly reduced in the third leaves of three-colored amaranth seedlings treated with 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg-1 soil, respectively. None of the investigated Cu levels decreased the internal CO2 concentration (Ci). The effect of Cu on the potential efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ(Fv/Fm) was negligible, whereas the effect of Cu on the PS Ⅱ quantum efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) after plant adaptation in actinic irradiation was more noticeable. On the other hand, decreases in water percentage, contents of photosynthetic pigments and mineral elements including Fe, K, and Mg, and significant increase in the Cu content were observed in the third leaves of Cu-treated plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities as well as the proline (Pro) content significantly increased in the third leaves of the three-colored amaranth seedlings treated with 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg-1 soil, while catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities as well as the contents of carotenoid (Car), glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (AsA) decreased, and accompanied by the increases in the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2·- ), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage. As a result of the imbalance of active oxygen metabolism, Pn and ΦPSⅡ decreased, and peroxidization enhanced under levels of 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg-1 soil. Finally, the growth of three-colored amaranth plant was significantly inhibited.

三色堇(Viola tricolor L.var.hortensis DC.)花蜜腺的亚显微结构

本文用透射和扫描电镜对三色堇花不同发育时期蜜腺进行了研究,了解到该植物花蜜中糖份主要来源于蜜腺分泌组织自身的光合产物;内质网参与了前蜜的加工和运输;质膜的啜入和反啜入作用是分泌组织细胞间前蜜传递的主要方式;蜜最后通过表皮细胞质膜的分子渗透作用而排放出体外;表皮细胞向外的指状突起是蜜汁分泌的主要部位.

皮肤三原色(Skin tricolor)与皮肤暗沉、皮肤暗哑的治疗

本文在总结已有研究基础上,提出了皮肤三原色(Skintricolor)的概念。皮肤三原色概念的提出,有利于皮肤美容医师认识皮肤色彩的时候有立体概念和动态变化概念。作者对皮肤暗沉、皮肤暗哑进行了定义。并进一步归纳了临床治疗的许多成功方案。

20.231 Gbit/s tricolor red/green/blue laser diode based bidirectional signal remodulation visible-light communication system

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a recorded 1-m bidirectional 20.231-Gbit/s tricolor R/G/B laser diode(LD) based visible-light communication(VLC) system supporting signal remodulation. In the signal remodulation system, an LD source is not needed at the client side. The client reuses the downstream signal sent from the central office(CO) and remodulates it to produce the upstream signal. As the LD sources are located at the CO, the laser wavelength and temperature managements at the cost-sensitive client side are not needed.This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a >20 Gbit∕s data rate tricolor R/G/B VLC signal transmission supporting upstream remodulation.

Color image single-channel encryption based on tricolor grating theory

A method of color image single-channel encryption is proposed. The proposed method uses tricolor grating to encode a color image into a gray level image, then the gray level image is encrypted by double random phase encryption, so a color image is encrypted in a single-channel and its security is ensured. Computer simulations and the chromatic aberration analysis are given to prove the possibility of the proposed idea.The optical system is simpler and is easy to be applied into practice. The simulation results show that this method is efficiency to encrypt a color image, and it is robust.

MAGNETIC AND MOSSBAUER STUDY OF ANCIENT YAOZHOU TANG TRICOLOR CERAMICS

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONThe valuable information about the ancient ceramics can be acquired from studying their structures, compositions and manufacture technology by modern scientific and technical method. It is an important field of the modern scientific and technological archaeology (STA), which is also called experimental archaeology and has a special significance for the "country of ceramics" .

Tricolor emitting and energy transfer in the phosphor Ba_2ZnSi_2O_7:Ce^(3+),Eu^(3+),Eu^(2+) for white-LED based near-UV chips

The red, green and blue(R/G/B) tricolor emitting phosphors Ba2 Zn Si2O7 co-doped with Ce3+ and Eu3+ were synthesized in air atmosphere by a conventional high temperature solid-state reaction technique. All of the excitation spectrum of the phosphor Ba2 Zn Si2O7:Ce,Eu showed a strong broad band absorption in the n-UV region whenever monitored by red(630 nm)-emitting or by green(500 nm)- and blue(402 nm)-emitting. Under the excitation of 330 nm, the emission spectrum containing a blue-violet emission band, a green emission and four sharp lines originated from the characteristic transitions of Ce3+, Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions, of which the relative intensities of the three emission bands could be controlled by the doping concentration of Ce3+. The ca. CIE chromaticity coordinates(x=0.317, y=0.309) of the phosphor Ba1.94 Zn Si2O7:0.03 Eu,0.01 Ce was very close to the standard white(x=0.33, y=0.33), which suggested that it was a novel single-phased white-light emitting phosphor for LED-based near-UV chip. The mechanisms of energy transfer from Eu2+ to Eu3+ via Ce3+ was also discussed.

Tricolor white emitting phosphor co-doped with Eu,Dy in SiO_2 matrix

A Eu, Dy co-doped SiO2 matrix, white emitting phosphor was prepared by the sol-gel technique. Strong red, green and blue emissions located at 618 nm, 573 nm and 400-550 nm were observed under UV laser excitation at room temperature. Such techniques as FT-IR and TGA-DSC were used to measure the microstructure of the luminescent material. The influence of the preparation techniques on the luminescence property of the Eu, Dy co-doped SiO2 matrix, such as anneal temperature, anneal time, dried atmosphere and the components of the matrix, was systematically studied, and the luminescence mechanism was interpreted. The red emission is the strongest when annealed at 750 ℃ . However, blue emission appears when annealed at 700 ℃ and is the intensest at 900℃ . For the samples dried in vacuum, Eu3+ is more easily deoxidized to Eu2+ at lower temperatures, because the samples dried in the air compared with that dried in vacuum need higher temperature to form network structures. Only the SA and SAB matrix annealed at 850 ℃ had blue emission in the four matrices (SA, SAB, SB, S) xerogel and the emission in the SAB matrix was stronger than that in the SA matrix. This may be due to the eutectic phase formed by the oxide boron, alkaline oxide and alumina in the SAB matrix, which constructs network structures and stabilizes the emission center and enhances the blue emission.

Tricolor microcavity OLEDs based on P-nc-Si:H films as the complex anodes

A P+-nc-Si:H film(boron-doped nc-Si:H thin film) was used as a complex anode of an OLED.As an ideal candidate for the composite anode,the P+-nc-Si:H thin film has a good conductivity with a high work function(～ 5.7 eV) and outstanding optical properties of high reflectivity,transmission,and a very low absorption.As a result,the combination of the relatively high reflectivity of a P+-nc-Si:H film/ITO complex anode with the very high reflectivity of an Al cathode could form a micro-cavity structure with a certain Q to improve the efficiency of the OLED fabricated on it.An RGB pixel generated by microcavity OLEDs is beneficial for both the reduction of the light loss and the improvement of the color purity and the efficiency.The small molecule Alq would be useful for the emitting light layer(EML) of the MOLED,and the P+-nc-Si film would be used as a complex anode of the MOLED,whose configuration can be constructed as Glass/LTO/P+-nc-Si:H/ITO/MoO3/NPB/Alq/LiF/Al.By adjusting the thickness of the organic layer NPB/Alq,the optical length of the microcavity and the REB colors of the device can be obtained.The peak wavelengths of an OLED are located at 486,550,and 608 nm,respectively.The CIE coordinates are(0.21,0.45),(0.33,0.63),and(0.54,0.54),and the full widths at half maximum(FWHM) are 35,32,and 39 nm for red,green,and blue,respectively.

生物炭有机肥部分替代化肥对苋菜生长、产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响

为探究化肥减施潜力和生物炭有机肥增效作用,缓解因化肥过量施用导致的蔬菜品质下降和肥料利用率降低等问题,以苋菜为试材,设6个施肥处理:不施肥(CK1)、100%常规施肥(CK2)、85%常规施肥+2250 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T1)、85%常规施肥+4500 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T2)、70%常规施肥+4500 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T3)、70%常规施肥+2250 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭有机肥(T4),对比分析各处理苋菜生长、产量、品质、氮肥吸收及利用的差异。结果表明,与CK1相比,施肥不同程度促进苋菜植株生长,增加苋菜根茎叶氮素积累量,苋菜产量提高5.83%~22.67%。与CK2相比,生物炭有机肥部分替代化肥显著增加苋菜的生物量,提升可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐和有机酸含量;其中,T1和T2苋菜产量分别提高7.28%和11.87%,T2氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率分别提升16.74%、21.48 kg·kg^(-1)。综上,T2为最优处理,可促进苋菜生长,提高苋菜产量和氮素利用率,改善品质,是实现肥料高效利用、减肥增效的良好施肥模式。

红苋菜总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化、抑菌活性

该文以红苋菜为原料,75%乙醇为提取溶剂,利用超声波法优化红苋菜总黄酮的提取工艺,并对其抗氧化活性及抑菌机制进行探究。结果表明:优化的红苋菜总黄酮提取工艺参数分别为料液比1∶40(g/mL)、提取时间2.0 h、提取温度70℃,在此条件下获得的总黄酮提取量为1.498 mg/g。红苋菜总黄酮清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值为(38.5±0.6)μg/mL,当红苋菜总黄酮质量浓度为80.00 μg/mL时,对Fe^(3+)的还原能力与阳性对照抗坏血酸接近,红苋菜总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果明显,最小抑菌浓度为40.00 mg/mL。随着红苋菜总黄酮质量浓度的增加,细菌培养液中电导率增大,DNA及RNA大分子物质浓度上升,说明红苋菜具有良好的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性。

三色藜麦抗氧化活性及体外消化特性

【目的】分析不同粒色藜麦营养成分、抗氧化能力以及体外消化和血糖生成指数差异,为提供藜麦加工品质及功能活性开发提供理论依据。【方法】以白色、红色、黑色藜麦为研究对象,比较不同粒色藜麦营养成分、糊化特性、抗氧化能力,并通过口腔-胃-小肠三段式体外模拟消化评价3种藜麦的体外消化速率和预估血糖指数(eGI)差异性。【结果】3种藜麦灰分、淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、水溶性蛋白含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),糊化特性中低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值和回生值,黄酮含量等指标之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。三色藜麦中黄酮提取液和水溶蛋白提取液具有较好的抗氧化活性。红色藜麦黄酮和水溶性蛋白提取液对DPPH·和ABTS^(+)·的清除抗氧化能力高于其他藜麦提取液。黑色藜麦体外消化率曲线增速比白色藜麦慢。预估血糖指数(eGI)为(48.32~54.21)<55,藜麦是低eGI食物。藜麦eGI值排序为:红色藜麦(48.32)<黑色藜麦(48.99)<白色藜麦。【结论】不同颜色藜麦的营养特性,糊化特性、抗氧化活性、抗消化特性以及血糖生成指数存在显著性差异,其中白色藜麦的糊化特性比黑、红色藜麦好。红色藜麦的抗氧化和抗消化特性强于白、黑色藜麦,血糖生成指数最低。

平衡施肥对苋菜根际土壤肥力与微生物群落结构的影响

【目的】探究平衡施肥对苋菜根际土壤肥力与微生物群落结构的影响,为塑造肥沃的苋菜根际土壤微环境及构建高产优质苋菜生产技术体系提供参考依据。【方法】基于传统和高通量测序技术,分析不施肥(空白对照,CK)、缺钾施肥(NP)、缺氮施肥(PK)、缺磷施肥(NK)和平衡施肥[氮磷钾(NPK)肥施用量分别为188.0、53.0和50.0 kg/hm^(2)]处理条件下苋菜根际的土壤肥力和微生物群落结构变化情况。【结果】施用不同配比的N、P、K肥均可明显提高苋菜根际土壤中β-葡糖苷酶、氨肽酶和磷酸酶活性;与NPK处理相比,非平衡施肥处理苋菜根际土壤的微生物生物量碳(C)、N和P含量总体上偏低;各施肥处理均有助于增加苋菜根际土壤细菌多样性和丰富度,但仅NPK处理可提高苋菜根际土壤的真菌多样性和丰富度。在细菌门分类水平,各施肥处理苋菜根际土壤优势细菌门中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、Patescibacteria、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和Myxococcota细菌的丰度占比增加,放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)细菌的丰度占比减少;在细菌属分类水平,施肥处理不仅可明显改变苋菜根际细菌属分类水平的丰度占比,还可富集一些特有的优势细菌属[unclassified_o_Saccharimonadales、norank_f_LWQ8和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)]。在真菌门分类水平,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和unclassified_k_Fungi是所有施肥处理根际土壤中共有的优势真菌;在真菌属分类水平,Plectosphaerella、unclassified_f_Chytridiaceae、Gibellulopsis、单胞瓶霉属(Phialemonium)、被孢霉菌属(Mortierella)、unclassified_k_Fungi和漆斑菌属(Myrothecium)真菌是不同施肥处理根际土壤中丰度占比排在前10位且CK土壤中缺失的优势真菌属。【结论】施用不同配比的N、P、K肥均有助于提高苋菜根际土壤肥力并营造健康的土壤环境,其中平衡施肥(N、P、K肥施用量分别为188.0、53.0和50.0 kg/hm^(2))的效果最明显,能提高苋菜根际土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度和多样性,改善苋菜根际土壤微环境,可在苋菜生产中推广应用。

苋菜红素的提取纯化及抗氧化活性分析

通过单因素和正交试验优化苋菜(Amaranthus tricolor L.)红素的提取工艺。结果表明,提取苋菜红素的最佳条件为浸提时间30 min,浸提温度40℃,料液比1∶40(g/m L),同时利用大孔树脂进行纯化,并测定苋菜红素的含量及抗氧化活性,得到苋菜红素的含量为12.5%,在一定质量浓度范围内,苋菜红素还原能力随浓度升高而增强,苋菜红素对羟自由基、亚硝酸根离子和DPPH·的最大清除率分别为54.2%、17.3%和97.2%,具有明显的抗氧化作用。

三色堇栽培技术规程

三色菫花色五彩斑斓,具较高的观赏价值,是布置花坛及庭院栽植的优良花卉。针对河南省三色堇产业发展现状,总结制定出河南省三色堇栽培技术规程,主要包括立地条件、生产设施、品种选择、育苗、移栽、移栽后管理与病虫害防治等内容。