STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER CONTAINING TRIETHYLAMINE WITH POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS

The treatment of the industrial wastewater, in which the concentration of triethylamine (TEN) and CODcr was around 3450 mg/L and 22400 mg/L respectively, was studied by adsorption of macroporous resins. Results demonstrate that the polymeric adsorbent CHA-111 has excellent effect on the adsorption and desorption of TEN. The concentration of TEN in the effluent is less than 30mg/L, and the removal efficiency of TEN and total CODcr exceed 99% and 95% respectively. The accumulation and resource reuse of TEN can be realized in this process.

Triethylamine-catalyzed Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose under Low Temperature Conditions in Aqueous Phase

Isomerization of glucose derived from lignocellulosic biomass is an important step in biorefinery.Fructose isomerized from glucose,is used as a highly attractive sweetener in the food and beverages industries.However,the prevalence of side reactions at high glucose concentrations is a serious issue,leading to a significant reduction in the fructose yield,especially in the aqueous phase.In this study,an efficient method for the conversion of highly concentrated glucose into fructose under low temperature conditions using triethylamine as the catalyst was developed.It was demonstrated that high fructose yield could be maintained at high glucose concentration.At 60℃,fructose yield of 38.7%and fructose selectivity of 80.6%were achieved in 1 mol/L(approximately 17 wt%)glucose.When glucose concentration was increased to 2 mol/L(approximately 31 wt%),the fructose yield and selectivity were maintained at 34.7%and 77.4%,respectively.13C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectrometer was used to examine the glucose isomerization reaction.Compared to the NaOH catalytic system,triethylamine acted as a buffer to provide a stable alkaline environment for the catalytic system,further maintaining a high level of catalytic efficiency for the isomerization of glucose to fructose.

LaMnO_(3)/Co_(3)O_(4) nanocomposite for enhanced triethylamine sensing properties

LaMnO_(3) modified Co_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites were prepared by simple hydrothermal method co mbined with sol-gel method.The gas sensitivity properties of pure Co_(3)O_(4) and LaMnO_(3)/Co_(3)O_(4) with different composite proportions are compared.It is found that 0.6-LMO/Co_(3)O_(4) sensor has higher sensitivity to triethylamine(TEA)than pure Co_(3)O_(4) sensor,which is improved by 9.27 times.And the working temperature is reduced from 150 to 130℃.Besides,it has excellent gas selectivity and repeatability.The improvement of the gas sensitivity of LaMnO_(3)/Co_(3)O_(4) sensor may be due to the fact that LaMnO_(3) is an effective catalyst,and the catalytic performance perhaps is beneficial to improving the sensing performance.In addition,the formation of p-p heterojunctions may be the key factor to improve the gas sensing performance.This work provides a new Co_(3)O_(4)-based gas sensing material for the detection of TEA.

Porous 2D CuO nanosheets for efficient triethylamine detection at low temperature

The freshness of seafood can be judged by detecting the concentration of triethylamine(TEA). In this work, 2D Cu O porous nanosheets(Cu O PNs) were prepared by a graphene oxide template method and their particle sizes were regulated by changing the calcination temperature. Their structure, morphology and gas sensing performances were investigated by various characterization methods. The response(Rg/Ra) of the gas sensor based on Cu O PNs calcined at 700oC was as high as 440-100 ppm TEA at the operating temperature of 40 ℃. The detection limit was as low as 0.25 ppm. In addition, the gas sensor has good selectivity and stability. The excellent TEA sensitivity is mainly resulted from the appropriate particle size and loose porous framework. This work not only paves the way to explore the novel low temperature TEA gas sensors, but also provides deep insight on improving the structure and properties of gas sensitive materials by controlling the calcination temperature.

Pr-doped ln203 nanocubes induce oxygen vacancies for enhancing triethylamine gas-sensing performance

Nanocubes derived from pure In2O3 and xPr-In2O3 (x= 1, 2, 3 and 5 mol.%) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method, followed by calcination. The morphological and structural characterization demonstrated that as-synthesized samples presented regular cubes that decreased in size with the increase of the Pr doping. The data showed that the sensing performances of sensors based on In203 were notably improved after the Pr doping. Among them, the sensor based on 2 mol.% Pr-In2O3 had the best sensing performance towards the triethylamine (TEA) gas, including a high response (RaIRg = 260 to 100 ppm TEA gas, which is about 12 times higher than that of the sensor based on pure In2O3), a short response time (2s), and a low detection limit (0.2 ppm) at 350℃. The mechanism responsible for the enhancement of sensing performance was attributed to the improvement of the vacancy content of 2 mol.% Pr-ln203, which promoted the oxidation—reduction reaction with the TEA gas that occurred on the materials surface.

Simple self-assembly of 3D laminated CuO/SnO2 hybrid for the detection of triethylamine

Tin dioxide is important gas sensor material and has wide applications in the detection of toxic gases and volatile organic compounds.Here,we synthesized a 3D laminated structural CuO/SnO2 material possessing p-n heterostructures.The morphology and structure were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM and XPS techniques and the sensing properties were investigated for the detection of triethylamine(TEA).The results indicate that 3D laminated CuO/SnO2 material,assembled by lamellae consisting of ordered nanoparticles,exhibit an enhanced sensing performance compared with SnO2,and notably,CuO/SnO2 with size less than 1μm has obvious high selectivity in the detection of 100 ppm TEA.Particularly,it has a high response and stability to 1 and 5 ppm TEA(S is 8 and 33),and that is higher than SnO2 material,suggesting 3D laminated CuO/SnO2 is an effective ca ndidate material served as sensor platform to detect low-concentration amines.

Improved triethylamine sensing properties of fish-scale-like porous SnO_(2) nanosheets by decorating with Ag nanoparticles

Three dimensional(3D)porous nanostructures assembled by low-dimensional nanomaterials are widely applied in gas sensor according to porous structure which can facilitate the transport of gas molecules.In this work,fish-scale-like porous SnO 2 nanomaterials assembled from ultrathin nanosheets with thick-ness of 16.8 nm were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route.Then Ag nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of SnO_(2) nanosheets via one-step method to improve their gas-sensing performances.The sensing properties of pristine SnO_(2) and Ag/SnO_(2) nanosheets were investigated intensively.After deco-rating with Ag nanoparticles,the characteristics of SnO_(2) based sensor for triethylamine detection were significantly improved.Especially,the Ag/SnO_(2) based sensor with Ag content of 2 at%exhibited the highest triethylamine sensing sensitivity at optimum work temperature of 170?C.The improved sensing properties of Ag/SnO_(2) sensors were attributed to the sensitizing actions of Ag nanoparticles as well as the unique hierarchical porous architecture.

Rational construction and triethylamine sensing performance of foam shapedα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2) nanosheets

Owing to their high surface area,stable structure and easy fabrication,composite nanomaterials with encapsulation structures have attracted considerable research interest as sensing materials to detect volatile organic compounds.Herein,a hydrothermal route is designed to prepare foam shapedα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2)nanosheets that exhibit excellent sensing performance for triethylamine(TEA).The developed sensor,based onα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2)nanosheets,displays a high response of 114.9 for 100 ppm TEA at a low working temperature of 175℃with sensitivity higher than many other reported sensors.In addition,the device shows a wide concentration detection range(from 500 ppb to 500 ppm),good stability after exposure to air for 80 days,and excellent selectivity.The superior sensing characteristics of the developed sensor are attributed to the high crystallinity ofα-MoO_(3)/SnS_(2),excessive and accessible active sites provided by the good permeability of porous SnS_(2)shells,and the excellent conductivity of the encapsulation heterojunction structure.Thus,the foam shapedα-MoO_(3)@SnS_(2)nanosheets presented herein have promising practical applications in TEA gas sensing devices.

Interfacial energy barrier tuning of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) heterojunctions for advanced triethylamine sensor

Traditional triethylamine(TEA)sensors suffer from the drawback of serious cross-sensitivity due to the low charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials.Herein,an advanced anti-interference TEA sensor is designed by utilizing interfacial energy barriers of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite.Benefiting from abundant slit-like pores,desirable defect features,and amplification effect of heterojunctions,the sensor based on Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite with 40%Bi_(2)O_(3)(0.4-Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3))demonstrates remarkable performance in terms of faster response/recovery time(1.7-fold/1.2-fold),higher response(2.1-fold),and lower power consumption(30℃-decrement)as compared with the pristine WO_(3) sensor.Furthermore,the composite sensor exhibits long-term stability,reproducibility,and negligible response towards interfering molecules,indicating the promising potential of Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) heterojunctions in anti-interference detection of low-concentration TEA in real applications.This work not only offers a rational solution to design advanced gas sensors by tuning the interfacial energy barriers of heterojunctions,but also provides a fundamental understanding of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3) structures in the gas-sensing field.

A graphitized expanded graphite cathode for aluminum-ion battery with excellent rate capability

Aluminum-ion battery(AIB)is very promising for its safety and large current charge–discharge.However,it is challenging to build a high-performance AIB system based on low-cost materials especially cathode&electrolyte.Despite the low-cost expanded graphite-triethylaminehydrochloride(EG-ET)system has been improved in cycle performance,its rate capability still remains a gap with the expensive graphene-alkylimidazoliumchloride AIB system.In this work,we treated the cheap EG appropriately through an industrial high-temperature process,employed the obtained EG3K(treated at 3000℃)cathode with AlCl_(3)-ET electrolyte,and built a novel,high-rate capability and double-cheap AIB system.The new EG3K-ET system achieved the cathode capacity of average 110 m Ah g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)with 18,000cycles,and retained the cathode capacity of 100 m Ah g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)with 27,500 cycles(fast charging of 72 s).Impressively,we demonstrated that a battery pack(EG3K-ET system,12 m Ah)had successfully driven the Model car running 100 m long.In addition,it was confirmed that the improvement of rate capability in the EG3K-ET system was mainly derived by deposition,and its capacity contribution ratio was about 53.7%.This work further promoted the application potential of the low-cost EG-ET AIB system.

重离子径迹影像探测器研制及初步实验测试

研制了一套基于气体雪崩电离室和CCD(charge-coupled device)影像获取系统的重离子径迹影像探测器。利用239Pu放出的α粒子,对所研制的重离子径迹影像探测器系统进行了初步的实验测试。测试结果显示,所研制的重离子径迹影像探测器系统能够成功地抓拍到α粒子的径迹,其径迹形貌与气体雪崩电离室中工作气体的气压、CCD相机的曝光时间等参数密切相关。对工作气体气压为15 hPa、曝光时间10 s的α粒子径迹影像数据分析表明,径迹分布呈轴对称,径迹宽度沿轴向逐渐减小,径迹影像的像点密度沿轴向逐渐增加。

Solid and liquid phase equilibria and solid-hydrate formation in binary mixtures of water with amines

Solid and liquid phase diagrams have been constructed for {water+triethylamine,or+N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) or+N,N-dimethlacetamide (DMA)} Solid-hydrates form with the empirical formulae N(C2H5)3 3H2O,DMF 3H2O,DMF 2H2O,DMA 3H2O and (DMA)2 3H2O.All are congruently melting except the first which melts incongruently.The solid-hydrate formation is attributed to hydrogen bond.The results are compared with the

Construction of hierarchical In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) microsphere heterostructures for TEA detection

Construction of heterojunction has been considered as an efficient strategy to enhance the gas-sensing performances of metal oxide semiconductors.On this basis,hierarchical In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) microsphere heterostructures were synthesized by partial oxidation of In_(2)S_(3) precursors which were obtained via a facile hydrothermal method.Besides,gas sensors based on the acquired materials were fabricated to investigate their sensing performances toward triethylamine(TEA).The results reveal that the gas sensor based on In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) exhibits a high response of 37 at 300℃ toward 0.45 mg/L TEA,which is 3.7 times higher than that of bare In_(2)O_(3).Meanwhile,it also possesses fast response/recovery time(19 s/154 s),good repeatability,selectivity and long-term stability.The excellent sensing performances toward TEA are mainly attributed to the massive oxygen vacancy defects and heterojunction formed between In_(2)O_(3) and In_(2)S_(3).This work provides a facile temperature-dependent route to controllably synthesize hierarchical In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) microsphere heterostructures,and the In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) sensor shows great application prospects in TEA detection.

Effect of solvent on the free energy of activation of S_N2 reaction between phenacyl bromide and amines

The kinetics of SN2 reaction between phenacyl bromide and various amines in 12 different solvents were studied. Solvent effects on the rate of this reaction and free energy of activation, ΔG# , were interpreted by applying the Abraham-Kam-let-Taft (AKT) equation. UK solvent polarity (π1*), solvent hydrogen-bond basicity (β1) and Hildebrand cohesive density energy (δH2) are those parameters which increase the rate constant and decrease ΔG# , while solvent hydrogen-bond acidity (α1) will have the compensatory effect. A comparison among obtained values of second rate constants, k2, for different amines in a given solvent indicates that the amine reactivities are highly dependent on their structures. The consequent decrease of the rate constant for different amines in any given solvent was found to be: primary 】 secondary】 tertiary. This order results from steric effects of amines.