Fuze batterytest system based on negative delay

The paper studies a cycle storage system with fixed capacity to monitor fuze battery＇s working voltage and noise,solving the problems of small capacity and low sample frequency.A 4 MB cycle sampling space is designed by adopting the negative delay technology,which implements the function of recording 4 MB data before triggered and then sequentially recording 50 MB data to ensure that the host computer recovers the voltage and noise data correctly and effectively.Two pieces of Flash work alternately to avoid the time conflict between commands programming and data writing.This method can make efficient use of storage space,recording the information before triggered,therefore it ensures the reliability and validity of the measured data.

Shortening turn-on delay of SiC light triggered thyristor by7-shaped thin n-base doping profile

A new 4 H–SiC light triggered thyristor（LTT） with 7-shaped thin n-base doping profile is proposed and simulated using a two-dimensional numerical method. In this new structure, the bottom region of the thin n-base has a graded doping profile to induce an accelerating electric field and compensate for the shortcoming of the double-layer thin n-base structure in transmitting injected holes. In addition, the accelerating electric field can also speed up the transmission of photongenerated carriers during light triggering. As a result, the current gain of the top pnp transistor of the SiC LTT is further increased. According to the TCAD simulations, the turn-on delay time of the SiC LTT decreases by about 91.5% compared with that of previous double-layer thin n-base SiC LTT. The minimum turn-on delay time of the SiC LTT is only 828 ns,when triggered by 100 mW/cm^2 ultraviolet light. Meanwhile, there is only a slight degradation in the forward blocking characteristic.

Delay Trigger in the Application of Network Testing System

The researchers who study the local area network( LAN) eXtension for instrumentation( LXI) instrument are pursuing instrument's high-precision synchronization. In the paper,three synchronization modes were discussed which were clock synchronization, trigger synchronization, and response synchronization. Synchronous process between LXI instruments was analyzed and each time factor affecting the synchronization accuracy was discussed. On the basis of the analysis,it can be found that delay trigger plays an important role in the network testing system's synchronization. Delay trigger can produce an additional time interval to correct the difference of each LXI instrument's response time. Then,a method to realize the delay trigger was introduced. Delay time can be adjustable according to the actual demand. Finally,synchronization accuracy of network testing system can reach nanoseconds.

Trigger control characteristics of fuze-recoil simulation system based on electromagnetic launcher

Fuze is the information processing and control unit of the ammunition, so the quality of the fuze becomes one of the most important aspects of ammunition detection. Since using recoil force is a common method to the arm fuze, its dynamic simulation test has always been the focus of the fuze test research. A new fuze recoil environmental simulation method is proposed based on the electromagnetic launcher. Then the trigger control characteristics of the fuze recoil simulation system and the influence of the trigger position on the recoil force are studied. The results of the study show that although the pulse width of the armature force curve can be changed by adjusting the trigger position, due to the limit of the range, there also exists the contradiction that the electromagnetic pulse width gets narrow with the increase of electromagnetic force peak. Thus, it cannot meet the requirements of the fuze launch recoil simulation. In order to make the recoil force close to the actual environment, the multi-stage trigger control characteristics are analyzed, and the influence of trigger position on recoil environmental force characteristics is studied. Then a fuze launch recoil environmental simulation platform is established and continuous electromagnetic force is achieved by using the trigger strategy. Finally, the experiment is performed to simulate the fuze launch recoil environment and show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical analysis. The major research work of this paper includes studying the composition and basic principle of the simulation system, establishing a launch model to analyze the single-stage and multi-stage coil fuze launch recoil characteristics, designing the test device to verify the correctness and validity of the research. This paper draws the conclusions that the feasibility of the fuze launch environmental simulation based on the electromagnetic launcher is verified, the trigger position has a great influence on force peak continuity, the problems of low maximum overload peak and short peak duration in the multi-stage coil fuze launch environmental simulation can be effectively solved through adjusting the trigger position, the system has creative and extensive application prospects.

Borderline form of empty follicle syndrome treated with a novel dual trigger method combined with delayed oocyte retrieval: A case report

BACKGROUND Borderline form of empty follicle syndrome is a condition in which only a few mature or immature oocytes are recovered after meticulous follicular aspiration,despite adequate ovarian response to stimulation.It is a rare phenomenon with an unclear cause.Currently,the condition still lacks effective treatment.CASE SUMMARY A patient with secondary infertility who had undergone three cycles of assisted reproductive technique(ART)is described.With regard to good follicular response,two oocytes were obtained in the first two ART cycles,but no embryo was formed.In the third ART cycle,which is the subject of this study,ovulation was induced by dual trigger of a supernormal dose of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)combined with a delayed oocyte retrieval approach.The method involved administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist,recombinant HCG,and urinary HCG 39 h before ovum pick-up.Ten oocytes were recovered,two out of three mature eggs were fertilized after intracytoplasmic sperm injection,resulting in two embryos that were subsequently cryopreserved.The case report guidelines have been used herein to present the first case of this novel dual trigger method.CONCLUSION This approach provides a new treatment option for patients with a similar condition in the future.This study can also inspire further investigation on the effects of variousβ-HCG serum levels 36 h after intramuscular HCG administration.

Ion mechanism of isoproterenol on delayed afterdepolarization and triggered activity in the infarcted ventricle

Objectives This study aimed at investigating the cellular mechanism of isoproterenol （ISO） on delayed afterdepolarizations （DADs） and triggered activity （TA） of the noninfarcted myocardium in the myocardial infarcted rabbit model.Methods Rabbits with the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion were prepared and recovered for 8 wk （healed myocardial infarction, HMI）. Myocytes were isolated from regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular free wall. ISO was added to cellular surface by perfusion way. Action potentials and ion currents were recorded with whole-cell patch clamp. Results The results showed that treatment with ISO induced more DADs and TA events in HMI myocytes. Iti and IC,_L of myocytes treated with ISO were increased significantly compared with HMI cells, which contributed to DADs-related triggered arrhythmia. Conclusions The results suggested that more arrhythmia events of DADs and TA developed in myocytes with ISO treatment. The underlying mechanism was associated with the augment of I6 and calcium influxing

Effects of nerve growth factor on delayed afterdepolarization and triggered activity in the infarcted ventricle of rabbit model

The noninfarcted myocardium underwent significant electrophysiological remodelling as part of the healed myocardial infarction remodelling. This study aimed at investigating the effects of nervous growth factor （NGF） on delayed afterdepolarizations （DADs） and triggered activity （TA） of the noninfarcted myocardium in the myocardial infarcted rabbit model. Rabbits with the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion were prepared and recovered for 8 weeks （HMI group, n=9）. Other rabbits with myocardial infarction were infused NGF to the left stellate ganglion （HMI＋NGF group, 400 U/day for 8 weeks, n=8）. Myocytes were isolated from regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular free wall. Action potentials and ion currents were recorded with whole-cell patch clamp. The results showed that more DADs and TA events of HMI＋NGF myocytes than that of HMI and Ctrl group. Iti and ICa-L of NGF＋HMI myocytes were increased significantly compared with HMI and Ctrl cells, which contributed to DADs-related triggered arrhythmia. Comparing with HM1 and Ctrl myocytes, significant prolongations of APD50 and APD90 in HMI＋NGF myocytes were found. The results indicated the electrophysiological change of HMI myocytes with NGF infusion. It suggested that more events of DADs and TA in HMI myocytes with NGF treatment. The underlying mechanism may be involved in the increase of Iti and ICa-L.

Earthquake triggering and delaying caused by fault interaction on Xianshuihe fault belt, southwestern China

The coseismic Coulomb stress change caused by fault interaction and its influences on the triggering and delaying of earthquake are briefly discussed. The Xianshuihe fault belt consists of Luhuo, Daofu, Kangding, Qianning and Ganzi fault. Luohuo (MS=7.6, 1973)-Kangding (MS=6.2, 1975)-Daofu (MS=6.9, 1981)-Ganzi (MS=6.0, 1982) earthquake is a seismic sequence continuous on the time axis with magnitude greater than 6.0. They occurred on the Luhuo, Kangding, Daofu and Ganzi fault, respectively. The coseismic Coulomb stress changes caused by each earthquake on its surrounding major faults and microcracks are calculated, and their effects on the triggering and delaying of the next earthquake and aftershocks are analyzed. It is shown that each earthquake of the sequence occurred on the fault segment with coseismic Coulomb stress increases caused by its predecessors, and most after-shocks are distributed along the microcracks with relatively larger coseismic Coulomb stress increases resulted from the main shock. With the fault interaction considered, the seismic potential of each segment along Xianshuihe fault belt is reassessed, and contrasted with those predicted results ignoring coseismic Coulomb stress change, the significance of fault interaction and its effect on triggering and delaying of earthquake are emphasized. It is con-cluded that fault interaction plays a very important role on seismic potential of Xianshuihe fault belt, and the maximal change of future earthquake probability on fault segment is up to 30.5%.

中大口径加榴炮发射环境极限边界工况炮-弹-引耦合响应特性

针对中大口径加榴炮机械触发引信早炸时有发生,引信及其典型结构在内弹道高动态复杂力学环境下的响应特性不清晰、失效机理不明确等问题,建立了考虑身管中后期磨损、底排弹0号装药、弹丸最大装填角、弹丸与引信极限偏差等极限边界工况的内弹道环境炮弹引耦合动力学仿真模型。采用融合SPH和Lagrange的有限元计算方法,分析弹引典型机构响应特性,并通过底凹弹和底排弹典型工况测试数据对仿真模型的预测误差进行验证。结果表明,极限边界工况会对弹丸挤进阻力、前定心部与身管撞击力的时域分布特征以及运动姿态等造成显著影响,会对引信及其典型机构过载响应造成较大影响。相比底凹弹和底排弹常规工况,膛内弹丸与身管撞击力分别增大63.75倍和29.82倍,出炮口瞬间弹丸俯仰角分别增大8.69倍和6.71倍,偏航角分别增大3.89倍和1.75倍,膛内引信回转体轴轴向峰值过载分别增大19.49%和5.44%,径向峰值过载分别增大78.7%和1.44倍。极限边界工况下,膛内阶段引信发生强度失效的风险明显增大,出炮口后弹引初始章动角量值明显增加,飞行阶段异常作用的风险也会增大。相关研究对于探寻复杂动态力学环境中大口径机械触发引信失效机理,指导引信加固优化设计具有重要意义。

小型化冷阴极触发管的研究

冷阴极触发管是电子引信系统中的关键器件,具有开关电流大、使用电压范围宽、温度范围宽、可靠性高、抗干扰性强等特点。针对电子引信系统小型化、集成化、低成本、高可靠发展的需要,本文开展小型化冷阴极触发管的研究,设计并制得样管。通过仿真,给出静电场分布情况。对样管进行电参数和可靠性能测试,结果表明,其工作电压范围为1.2~1.8 kV,且可通过对工作寿命、振动、高低温工作和贮存、冲击等可靠性试验考核,主要参数基本满足现代电子引信的使用需求。

触/延手榴弹引信开闭功能测试方法研究

针对性能鉴定试验需要考核测试触/延手榴弹引信第一碰撞信号的时阈和开闭灵敏度的问题,通过研制测试设备以及设计试验方案,实现了对触/延手榴弹引信开闭功能的考核评估。通过分析触/延引信的结构组成和作用机理,确定了引信中碰炸开关可靠闭合的临界条件,结合产品性能指标规定的时阈要求,提出了基于PLC程序控制手榴弹保险握片松开至跌落中硬地面全流程精准管控的设备研制方案,确保了手榴弹的跌落高度和与中硬地面的碰撞时间,有效解决了触/延引信开闭时阈和开闭灵敏度无法考核测试的技术难题。

Experimental Study on Triggering Characteristics of a Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch

Triggering characteristics of triggered vacuum switch （TVS）, including the discharge delay time, delay jitter, range of operational voltage and peak of pulsed current, are investigated. Both structure and experimental circuit of TVS are presented. The results indicate that TVS, as a surface flashover triggering device with high dielectric permittivity material, is with excellent triggering characteristics. When the hold-off voltage reaches 120 kV, the minimum operational voltage is 1.3 kV, and the minimum discharge delay time and jitter are 100 ns and ±10 ns, respectively. The peak current is up to 240 kA when the operational voltage reaches 100 kV. TVS can well satisfy the main demands of high voltage and current applications, and can also be used under a multi-crowbar circuit.

Theoretical model and experimental investigation optically triggered hollowcathode discharge formation

In order to investigate the process of optically triggered discharge formation,a model of ion space-charge formation based on classical plane electrodes and revised for a characteristic hollow-cathode discharge(HCD)configuration is proposed in this paper.The primary modified factor in our model is the penetrating electric-field parameter,which influences the ionization of trigger electrons and is calculated via particle simulation.Optical-trigger experiments are carried out using different voltages and under different seed-electron conditions,provided by two different photocathodes,Cu and Mg.The ion-accumulation rates calculated by our model are compared to the discharge-formation time,which is deduced from optical-trigger experiments.The results demonstrate that the process of positive space-charge formation is dominant in the HCD formation process or trigger delay,which is highly dependent on the seeding-electron density and applied voltage,and can therefore be quantitatively described by our model.Additionally,electron-beam generation is investigated by optically triggered HCD experiments on Mg-and Cu-photocathode-based devices.The results show that a more efficient trigger device is capable of generating an electron beam with higher amplitude and density.

An rFC based service triggering algorithm for IMS network

To reduce the potential signaling traffic in IP multimedia subsystem （IMS）, the session establishment procedures were investigated. The serving call session eontrol function （S-CSCF） is the major bottleneck in IMS and the existing 3GPP service triggering algorithm （STA） based on initial filter eriteria （iFC） increases the end-to-end session setup delay remarkably. To reduce the session setup delay and improve the system performanee, a SIP response message based filter criteria （rFC） was proposed. Based on the rFC, a SIP response message based STA （RSTA） was further proposed. The modeling and theoretical analysis of 3GPP STA and RSTA were presented. Simulation results show that, compared with 3GPP STA, the RSTA can avoid the additional signaling traffie load of the S-CSCF and application server （AS） effectively, reduce the session setup delay eonsiderably, increase the throughput of the S-CSCF and improve the quality of service （QoS） of IMS network.

Experimental Research of ZnO Surface Flashover Trigger Device of Pseudo-Spark Switch

Pseudo-spark switch（PSS） is one of the most widely used discharge switches for pulse power technology.It has many special characteristics such as reliability in a wide voltage range,small delay time,as well as small delay jitter.In this paper,the measuring method for the initial plasma of ZnO surface flashover triggering device of PSS is studied and the results of the measurement show that the electron emission charge is mainly influenced by trigger voltage,gas pressure and DC bias voltage.When the bias voltage increases from 2 kV to 6 kV with the gap distancc fixed at 3 mm,the electron emission charge changes from 2 μC to about 6μC.When the gap distance changes from 3 mm to 5 mm with the bias voltage fixed at 2 kV,the electron emission charge increases from 1.5 μC to 2.5μC.When the gap distance is 4 mm,the hold-off voltage of PSS is 45 kV at gas pressure of 2 Pa,the minimum operating voltage is less than 1 kV.So,the operating scope is from 2.22%to 99%of its self-breakdown voltage.The discharging delay time decreases from 450 ns to 150 ns when the trigger pulse voltage is 1 kV and the discharging voltage is changed from 1 kV to 12 kV.When the trigger pulse voltage is 6 kV,the discharging delay time is less than 100 ns and changes from 100 ns to 50 ns,and the delay jitters are less than30 ns.

ON PERFORMANCE OF APPLICATION TRIGGERING ARCHITECTURE IN IMS NETWORK

The modeling of Application Triggering Architecture （ATA） in the IP Multimedia Sub- system （IMS） is presented. The session setup delay and system throughput are employed as the measurement to investigate the performance of ATA and the Serving Call Session Control Punction （S-CSCF）. With theoretical analysis and simulation results, we find that, the number of the ASs （Application Servers）, the use of the subsequent Filter Criteria （sFC） and the arrival rate have heavy impact on the session setup delay and the S-CSCF is the major bottleneck in IMS network. The results are useful in constructing IMS network. At last, we propose several possible solutions to reduce the session setup delay and decrease the load of the S-CSCF.

小口径炮弹触发引信供弹及内弹道安全性研究

针对小口径炮弹机械触发引信安全性及可靠性的需求,开展小口径炮弹触发引信供弹及内弹道安全性研究。通过研究小口径炮弹触发引信作用原理,构建35 mm小口径炮弹引信模型,基于LS-DYNA动力学仿真软件进行供弹过程中小口径炮弹引信的有限元仿真,分析小口径炮弹引信在供弹过程中动力学响应特性。结合Simulink构建内弹道仿真模型,提取小口径炮弹发射时膛内环境参数,基于LS-DYNA进行内弹道发射过程中小口径炮弹引信的有限元仿真,分析引信在膛内运动时的动力学响应特性。研究发现:35 mm小口径炮弹引信在射速约为1000发/min的高横向过载环境下,其安全性能够得到保证;在膛内高轴向过载环境下,其安全系统局部发生应变,但其安全性能不受影响。

引信惯性球电触发开关方向敏感性

针对弹簧压球结构的引信惯性球电触发开关方向敏感性问题,应用刚体静力学理论建立了引信惯性触发作用时不同方向角下惯性球对预压簧的作用力表达式。分析表明,为提高惯性球电触发开关触发灵敏度,应尽量增大惯性球质量和滑套球窝锥角,并减小滑套和弹簧质量以及各运动副间的摩擦系数。惯性球电触发开关应成对相向布设,以消除触发时不利方位的影响。而惯性球质心应尽可能靠近弹的质心设置,以防止弹空中旋转引发弹道炸。

靶板状况对亚音速射弹引信触发弹道环境的影响

针对靶场射击试验中试验条件差异可能对试验结果产生影响的问题,应用有限元仿真软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对不同目标状态等进行了仿真,得到了亚音速射弹撞击不同状况靶板(包括靶板固定状况、双层靶板间的间隙大小、靶上弹着点区域、射弹重孔或连孔、靶架质量大小和靶板倾角等)的前冲过载系数。其中靶板固定状况、双层靶板间的间隙和靶架质量影响不大,而靶板上弹着点区域、射弹重孔或连孔、靶板倾角影响较大。仿真结果可为靶场射击试验实施及结果分析提供参考。

集成定时器系统在医疗设备中的应用

目的:通过对集成定时器系统的研究,及其在医学工程领域中的一些应用,阐述集成定时器系统的优越性,进而体现其在未来领域中的应用价值。方法:以555时基集成电路定时器为核心芯片,外加电阻、电容可以组成性能稳定而精确的多谐振荡器、单稳态触发电路及施密特触发器等电路,来驱动负载等电器件工作。结果:以555时基集成电路为核心的集成定时器,运行稳定且精度较高,电源适用范围宽且耗能低。结论:基于集成定时器系统的延时电路结构简单,具有成本低、精度高等优点,其将在科技、军事及医疗等领域有更加广泛的应用前景。